Izhora (anthu): Background ndi History

Izhora anthu - ambiri ang'ono anthu onse okhala mu Russia. Apa pali anthu 200, 60 iwo amakhalabe mu Estonia. ethnonym Izi lachokera ku Sweden mawu Ingermanland - otchedwa dziko kumwera kwa Gulf wa Finland. Pali awiri Mabaibulo za komwe dzina ili, kapena m'malo Ingigerda, mkazi Yaroslava Mudrogo, kapena m'malo mwa wakale Russian Prince Igor, mwana wa Rurik.

Chotero kodi amadziwika za mafuko Izhora? General zokhudza anthu anaika pansipa adzakuthandizani kudziwa zambiri.

Dera la kukagawira

Mu 12-13 zaka TH Izhors anakhala mbali ya Neva, za malire a midzi anali Mlongo Mtsinje Tosna, Nazia. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 16 chuma chawo tinafika pamtsinje Oredezh Mtsinje kum'mwera. Koma ndiye gawo anayamba taper kutali, choyamba mbisoweka midzi mu Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba, ndiyeno padziko madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja University ndipo kenako pa Oredezh Mtsinje. Tsopano Izhors momwemo okha Lomonosov ndi Kingisepp chigawo cha dera Leningrad. Akuluakulu a mtundu umenewu anasamukira ku St. Petersburg. Komabe, musanyalanyaze mizu ndi azisonyeza kuti Izhors.

Komabe, waukulu moyo m'dera - Soikinsky Peninsula, lomwe lili pakati Luga ndi Koporskaya mlomo. Mbali achilengedwe a m'derali moti pafupifupi olekanitsidwa mbali kumtunda kwa mndandanda wa nyanja ndi zithaphwi kuwoloka. N'chifukwa chake anthu m'midzi anthu Izhora akasamuka awo chikhalidwe mwini, ngakhale moyandikana enieni likulu kumpoto.

nkhani

Kutchula koyamba kwa Amitundu-Izhora zimapezeka ng'ombe ya Papa Alexander, zinalembedwa m'ma 12. Posachedwa ku Ulaya, inali kudziŵika kuti Izhora - anthu amphamvu ndi woopsa. M'mbiri ya Russian Izhors anatchula m'zaka 13 monga anzawo a Novgorod. Iwo anali ndi udindo kutetezela m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja asilikali a Sweden.

Koma mu 1611 m'dziko lawo ankapeza pa Sweden, ambiri Izhors zamakolo anasamukira ku dera nkhani ku Russia. Koma mu 1721, Peter Wamkulu kulanda dzikolo, ndipo iwo anakhala mbali ya St. Petersburg Province.

Kalembera wa 1732 anasonyeza kuti pa dera la Ingermanland pali pafupifupi 14 ndi theka zikwi izhoryan. M'zaka za m'ma 19, chiwerengero chawo chinawonjezeka pang'ono - 18 zikwi. Ziwerengero mu 1926 anasonyeza kanjedza zotsatirazi: anthu 16137.

Koma nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse kwasintha: anthu ambiri zamakolo anam'tengera loyandikana Finland ndi midzi ambiri chabe inathetsedwa. Ndipo pamene adabwerera kwa moyo kunyumba iwo sanali kupatsidwa ndipo anasamukira ku Siberia kumene kusunga chizindikiro chawo chikhalidwe ndi chinenero wakhala zosatheka. Anthu Izhors kuti ankakhala Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba, komanso anaphatikizana ndi anthu akuderalo. kuchigwiritsa ndi chikhalidwe mbadwa ankakhala yekha wa Kingisepp District (kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Ingria akale), komanso ena a ku midzi pa mtsinje Kovash.

Tereré Izhora - Anthu kufa. Mu 1959, panali pang'ono kuposa zikwi, mu 1970 - 781, ndipo mu 1989 - 276. The deta zaposachedwapa - ndi anthu 266 (2010). N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti zaka pafupifupi zaka 68-70, kutanthauza kuti pambuyo zaka zingapo monga Izhora dziko akhoza kutha palimodzi.

chilankhulo

Adzaupereka kwa gulu Baltic-Chifinishi. Izhora ali m'zilembo zingapo:

• Sojkinskaja;
• hevasky;
• nizhneluzhsky;
• oredezhsky.

Sojkinskaja ndi zofunika, umanenedwa ndi ambiri Izhora Peninsula. Hevasky wamba m'chigawo Lomonosov. Mu nizhneluzhski kunena mwa malire kunsi kwa mtsinje Luga, amene anamva amphamvu amadza Votian chifukwa Vod ndi Izhora moyo pali osokonezeka. Oredezhsky mbisoweka mwamsanga 1930 pamene anamwalira TV lomaliza. Akukhulupirira kuti anali aukhondo a m'zilembo onse, chifukwa kuthawa chikoka cha chinenero cha ku Finland.

Koma chinali chiyambi chabe mu m'kamwa Izhora fuko. anthu analibe zilembo zake. Kulemba pa Izhora yekha anaonekera mu 1930 pa njira imene boma chimango cha chikhalidwe pulogalamu chitukuko cha mitundu yaing'ono. Pamaziko a makalata Latin zilembo zinalengedwa, kenako anayamba galamala logwirizana. Ngakhale mu sukulu, ine amachitika mbadwa chinenero Izhora, chifukwa kuti mabuku anasindikizidwa. Komabe, pulogalamuyi kenako. Tsopano theka Izhora yekha chinenero, kotero mu 2009 iye anali m'gulu la "Atlas wa World a Zinenero mu Ngozi" ndi UNESCO.

kulambira

Izhora - mtundu ndi chikhalidwe chauzimu. Kwa zaka Izhors anali achikunja, koma m'zaka za m'ma 13, anayamba mwachangu kusintha kwa Orthodoxy. Pambuyo Sweden anapambana m'madera awo anali anapatsa Lutheran Komabe, zilibe kumira inayambira kwambiri. Tsopano chipembedzo Izhora imakhala ndi kudalirana kwa Chikhristu ndi chikunja. Mwachitsanzo, nachobe kukhulupirira mizimu ya dziko, madzi, alonda a moto, nampembedza wopatulika mitengo, miyala, etc.

zamanja

ntchito Traditional Izhora kale anali nsomba, ulimi. Ng'ombe nkomwe anali. Iwo anayamba kupanga mbiya ndi nkhuni. Usodzi hering'i ndi smelt Izhora anali ndalama chachikulu cha mbali mwa nyanja mpaka posachedwapa. Koma, mwatsoka, nsomba chiri pafupi kutha kukodwa chifukwa cha kuswana kwa mtundu umodzi wa nkhanu. Choncho, kukhala okalamba m'mudzi, ndi ana awo ndi zidzukulu yaitali anasamukira ku mizinda ikuluikulu, makamaka St. Petersburg, kufunafuna ntchito yabwino.

chikhalidwe

Izhora - anthu ndi chosiyana kwambiri. Mbali chidwi pa zovala za fuko ndi mpango wapadera (sappano) kuti mkazi anavala popanda kuchotsa masana kapena usiku. akazi Traditional ndi malaya a anthu (ryatsinya) anali nsalu ndi ornamentation olemera ndi chomangira lamba chowulungika ananamizira pa khosi. Komanso atamangira lamba mkazi chokongoletsedwa ndi mikanda ndi zipolopolo cowrie.

chikhalidwe chuma anali pafupi Russian. Izi zimaoneka tinyumba ta miyambo, ndi zipangizo za ulimi. Songs, kubuma - ndi lingaliro zofunika kwa miyambo yonse, kuyambira ndi ukwati ndi kutsiriza ndi maliro.

Kudziwika kwa dziko lonse runopevitsa Larin Paraske, ndakatulo yake, nyimbo analembedwa epic "Kalevala". The chipilala, chosonyeza izhorku wotchuka, akuyima pakati pa Helsinki.

Mwina posachedwapa padzakhala kukumbukira yekha mtundu kamodzi wamphamvu. Koma bola ngati pali oimira lotsiriza la Izhora, moyo ndi chikhalidwe chawo wakale.