Kaliningrad ndi malo: zowoneka. Kufotokozera za mfundo zosangalatsa

Monga kwambiri pakati kumadzulo dera dziko ndi yekhayo amene alibe malire dziko ndi Russia kumtunda, Kaliningrad wakhala chidwi osati mwachirengedwe, komanso ku mbiri imanena. mzinda Russian ndi mizu Austria ndi kaleidoscope zodabwitsa zakale, zipilala ndi malo wodziwika bwino, zomangamanga ndi chikhalidwe. Choncho, chidwi kwambiri alendo amene kukauona chaka chonse. Ife komanso kupereka kuphunzira mndandanda wa zokopa zabwino Kaliningrad ndi malo ake.

City mpaka 1946

Panopa limatchedwa Kaliningrad, Koenigsberg anakhazikitsidwa mu January 1255 ndi Ankhondo a Teutonic Order molamulidwa ndi Poppo Von Ostern ndi Premysl Otakar II - Mfumu ya Bohemia. M'pake kuti onse anayamba kumanga linga, choyamba matabwa, koma patapita zaka zingapo mwala. Asilikali a mfumu anabwera Knights thandizo lake, limene pamapeto tinaitanidwa kuthana ndi anthu a m'dera la chikhulupiriro zachikunja. Pang'onopang'ono anayamba kutenga dzikolo ndi Germany. Iwo anasakaniza ndi anthu Prussian, amene pang'onopang'ono analili awo, iwo amayiwala chinenerocho. Potsilizira pake, m'zaka za m'ma 16 chiwerengero chawo chinali pafupifupi 20%. Pang'onopang'ono, m'dera mzinda kufika monga mwini Konigsberg (Kaliningrad) ndi malo ake. Zosangalatsa mu unyinji tinachokera kwa nthawi anthu akutali.

City panthawi ya nkhondo

Ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, mzinda wakula. Mwakhama osauka limasonyeza zoyendera, zomangamanga, m'madera wakunja kwatawuni. Komabe, ndi kubera Anazi mphamvu, wakhala akufunafuna mwakhama ankalimbikitsa nkhondo.

Pa Nkhondo mzindawo kwambiri anawononga British Air Force. poukira pa chilengedwe chinayambira pambuyo April 5, 1944. Ambiri zokopa za Kaliningrad ndi madera ozungulira anakhudzidwa, ena anawonongedwa. Pomaliza, ambiri misewu ya atayika, kuphatikizapo Prussian Mfumu ndi Mfumukazi Louise, komanso professorial manda. Nkhondo itatha, m'chigawo lonse, dzina lake East Prussia, pamodzi ndi likulu - Koenigsberg anapatsidwa nthawi ya Soviet Union, ndipo anasamutsidwira kalekale.

Königsberg Castle

Europe, monga ife tikudziwira, anatchuka chifukwa chake nyumba yakale. Ambiri a iwo anali anamanga m'nyengo ya kugawikana ang'onoang'ono, pamene ulamuliro waukulu chinafoka ndipo aliyense kumbuyo monga mopambana momwe iye akanathera. Ndicho Konigsberg (Kaliningrad) poyambirira anatuluka ngati linga ya kulinga. Teutonic Knights nawuyika 1255, yomanga, kukhazikitsanso, ndi kusintha zosiyanasiyana zinalengedwa mpaka 1713 dongosolo lino mpake kunyadira Kaliningrad ano ndi madera ozungulira. Zikhomo m'mbiri yakale ndi katundu zowononga. Komabe, pafupifupi labwinobwino Nyumbayi anaimirira kunkhondo. Anayamba kwe: choyamba, ntchito ya usilikali, ndipo kenako boma latsopano. Mabwinja a Nyumbayi inali litaphulitsidwa mu 1967. Tsopano mabwinja, amene anagwira zafukulidwa ndi '90s mpaka 2007 nkhani za chiyambi cha ntchito yokonzanso ndi ntchito kubwezeretsedwa mu malo mbiri ya mzinda akutsatiridwa nthawi, koma zochepa chidwi mapulani chipilala pafupifupi anataya pa mphindi. -Pictures pamwamba m'bwalo la Nyumbayi, wopangidwa 1923.

Koenigsberg Kusinthanitsa

Amodzi mwa malo wamkulu chidwi wa mzinda, ndi mapulani chipilala. Modern adiresi malo - 83 Nyumba Leninsky Prospekt, pafupi mlatho okwera. pa magombe a mtsinje Pregol. Nyumba ya mtundu uwu mu mzinda sanali choyamba, koma zomalizira zinawonongedwa kapena kutenthedwa. Nzosadabwitsa katundu kuwombola a gulu la "zowoneka yochititsa chidwi kwambiri Kaliningrad ndi madera ozungulira", mndandanda wa zomwe ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Linamangidwa mu 1870-1875, motero, mu yachilendo kwa Prussian Wachiwiri-Kubadwa Kwatsopano kalembedwe ndi kukhalapo kwa zinthu zachikhalidwe. Mu unawonongedwa zaka Kusinthana kwa zaka zoposa 20, anaima dilapidated ndi okha mochedwa 60 ntchentche ya kukhazikitsanso wakhala ikuchitika. Today nyumbayi ndi malo dera chikhalidwe unyamata.

Kaliningrad zidole Theater

Nyumba mbiri ili ku Central Park, Apambana Avenue, mumzinda wa Kaliningrad. M'zaka zapitazi inali Lutheran Church, ndipo kuyambira 1976 - oyandikana chidole zisudzo. nyumbayi inamangidwa pokumbukira Louise wa Mecklenburg - mkazi Fridriha Vilgelma II ndipo poyamba Russian Mfumu Alexander a agogo II. Pambuyo pa kukonzedwanso kwa maonekedwe ndi pafupifupi kwathunthu limafanana ndi mawonekedwe a mpingo nkhondo isanayambe, koma m'katikati anali wolemera kusinthidwa, ndi chifukwa kufunikira luso padali kugawanikana ku mbewu ziwiri. Ngati mwaganiza kufufuza zinthu zokopa za Kaliningrad ndi madera ozungulira m'nyengo yozizira kapena nthawi ina iliyonse pachaka, musaiwale za matchalitchi. Okongola ndi wochepa anamangidwa mu ulemu ndi anthu okhulupirika kwa mkazi wake wokondedwa kwambiri, amene anafa pachimake pa kukongola kwake.

tchalitchi

Nyumba wakale, amene kumanga zinachitikadi mu zaka 1333-1380, ili pakati chakale cha mzinda. Mpaka chiyambi cha Katolika mu 16.. Cathedral unali mpingo wa Katolika. Inamangidwa mu kalembedwe Baltic Gothic, lomwe limatchedwanso njerwa. Iwo amakhala ndi kukhalapo kwa chokongoletsera wolemera, koma palibe kwathunthu lopotana akamaumba. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nyumba zochepa za mtundu wake zikupezeka Russia. Onetsetsani kukaona pamene muli paulendo Kaliningrad. zokopa zonse molambalala kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri si zotheka, koma ulendo wanu adzakhala chosakwanira popanda kufufuza Cathedral. Tsopano bungwe zisudzo zosiyanasiyana ndi zoimbaimba, komanso akachisi aŵiri ntchito: Orthodox ndi Evangelical.

Kirch MENDELEYEVO MICRODISTRICT

Nyumba yakale kwambiri mu Kaliningrad, lidakalipobe mpaka pano ndipo bwino kwa anthu am'deralo monga St. Nicholas Church. Tsiku lenileni la zomangamanga ake sipakhala, koma magwero olembedwa mukamva za mu 1288. nave ace anamanga boulders lalikulu zamwano, ndipo khoma kumadzulo unapangidwa njerwa ndi ligation Gothic. Ndi zosadabwitsa kuti panthawi ya nkhondo mpingo pafupifupi Lutheran sanali kuonongeka. Malinga ndi ena deta ntchito adamangidwa mpaka 1948 mpaka athamangitsidwe wa ku Germany mumzindawu. Kumene, nyumbayi ndi malo m'mbiri komanso wokongoletsa mzinda wa Kaliningrad ndi madera ozungulira. Zokopa za mtundu uwu nthawi zonse zimabweretsa wachifundo kwambiri pamene kuyendera, chifukwa iwo nthawi Liima ndi inu amizidwa zinkakhalira kale mumzindawo.

Mpingo wa Banja Woyera, Kaliningrad

Mpingo wa Katolika mwina wotchuka kwambiri ndi chidwi ntchito za mmisiri Fridriha Haytmanna. Linamangidwa mu 1904-1907. Malinga ndi iye, anali kukhala ndi malo apadera, kodi nthawi zonse analamulira mzimu wa Khristu ndi makolo ake a padziko lapansi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti konse mwambo wa maliro, ndi ukwati miyambo yekha ndi christenings. Tsopano nyumbayi wa Philharmonic Regional.

Woyera Cross Cathedral

The zowoneka amakezana ndi zochititsa chidwi za Kaliningrad ndi madera ozungulira ndi zodabwitsa popanda Kirch Cross, lomwe tsopano ndi mpingo Orthodox. yomanga ake inyamuka kuyambira mu 1913 Komabe, iyo isanayambe, ntchito ankafunika chifukwa cha First World nkhondo. Patatha zaka zoposa 10, mu 1925, izo usilikali, mwala woyamba nayikidwa mu 1930, ndipo kale 7 May 1933 unachitikira kuyeretsedwa kwake. Cathedral ndi chidwi mu mawu a zomangamanga ndi dongosolo umakhala ravnokonechnogo (Greek) mtanda. Chokongoletsera loyambirira la mpingo waliteteza, kamangidwe mkati chinaperekedwa ku limasinthira ambiri, zikubweretsa imfa ya mitundu mbadwa.

Tonga kukambirana za Kaliningrad ndi madera ozungulira, ndi zowoneka wa mzinda, amene anapulumutsidwa ndi masiku athu, sikutheka osanenapo malo ena - Yang'ananibe Village (chithunzi). Modern malonda, mafakitale ndi malo ethnographic wakhala kumangidwa posachedwapa, koma amakondedwa kwambiri ndi anthu am'deralo ndi alendo. Ndipotu, ndi wokhazikika mumzinda chipika, ndizo basi nyumba zonse izo anapangidwa kugwilizana ndi kalembedwe German. Ngati mukufuna agwera mu mlengalenga wa zomangamanga akale ndi Konigsberg, adzachita kutenga kukayenda mwa misewu. Usodzi m'mudzi ili pa chilumba cha October, pakati pa msewu wa dzina chimodzimodzi ndi Pregel (mtsinje).

Zina mwa zinthu zimene zidzachitike mu mzinda, mukhoza omasuka kuwonjezera mndandanda: ". Zinthu Kaliningrad ndi madera ozungulira" Ojambula Mwachitsanzo, munthu wofunika kwambiri ndi anthu am'deralo, koma chifukwa pali masukulu ambiri komanso malo masewera. Chaka ndi Championship dera.

Kaliningrad Museum

osungirako zinthu - nthawi zonse chidwi osati wotopetsa ndi wonyong'onya, monga ambiri amakhulupirira. Nkofunika chabe kusankha chimene inu mumadabwa. Monga malo aakulu dera ndi miyambo wolemera mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe, Kaliningrad ndi okonzeka alendo ake asanu waukulu ndi otchuka zakale. Palibe chinsinsi kuti gombe Baltic ali olemera mu Amber. Ndi mwala uwu ndi chilichonse chokhudzana ndi izo, anadzipereka kwa mmodzi wa kumalo osungirako zinthu zakale ndi. Iwo chinamasulidwa mu nyumba mbiri (nsanja chitetezo) mu 1979 (onani chithunzi). chionetsero wake, yomwe ili mu zipinda 28 monga nkhani monga katundu wa Amber ndi mbiri yake, ntchito zaluso, kuphatikizapo yofanana ndi mfundo kupanga ndi fakitale.

Frindlandskie chipata, chinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma mochedwa 18 kalembedwe Gothic Chitsitsimutso, ndi tsopano kowonera zakale. Kufotokoza wodzipereka kwa mbiri ya chisanadze nkhondo Königsberg. Pa lathyathyathya m'misewu ngati inu ndibwererenso mbisoweka kamodzi mzinda.

World Ocean Museum, anatsegula mu 1990, ali woyamba wa mtundu wake. kufotokoza wake zoyenera navigation, zomera zam'madzi ndi zinyama, hydrology, nthaka. Komanso, ali laibulale komanso seascape zachilengedwe siteshoni. Alendo adzapeza zosiyanasiyana zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho, kwa mafupa yaikulu nsomba umuna zopereka za mfuti yakale yoyendera ndi zida za panyanja, "Vityaz". The m'chere zokhala m'malo owetera akhoza ukawona okhala m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja, kuphatikizapo piranhas otentha, stingrays ndi hvostokolov-T D..

M'pofunika kutchula malo ena chidwi, sipangakhalenso bwinobwino m'gulu zokopa Kaliningrad ndi anthu.

Svetlogorsk - achisangalalo mzinda

Kuti monga mu mutu uno ndi ofunika chifukwa chakuti ndi 40 Km kuchokera Kaliningrad, mwachindunji pa gombe Baltic. Small m'tawuni ya anthu a anthu oposa 20 zikwi kalekale amakopeka alendo m'derali. Kutchula koyamba za mu kulemba pachibwenzi 1258 chaka, pamene mayiko amenewa anali anthu a Prussians. Ndi mbiri nthawi yaitali, ndithudi, mzinda limapereka alendo ake zosiyanasiyana zokopa. Pakati pawo - mpingo Lutheran inamangidwa mu 1903 (tsopano Sarov kachisi), zipilala zosiyanasiyana, galimoto chingwe, gombe zodabwitsa ndi promenade, sundial, osambira mzinda, etc ...

Kaliningrad ngati ili pa mphambano za nthawi, awiri njira zakale. M'tawuni lodabwitsali ndi wokongola akale, ndithudi, pali chinachake kuwona. Mu Kaliningrad zokopa kuchokera Nthawi osiyana kuima mbali ndi mbali, nthawi zina mosiyana njira kwambiri zosaneneka.