Kodi dissident? Kayendedwe dissident mu USSR

Mu masiku a Soviet Union si anthu onse anali boma mwachilungamo panopa. Sanamvere anaitana anthu amene sanagwirizane ndi malingaliro andale ena, ndipo boma la Soviet. Iwo anali odzipereka otsutsa chikominisi ndi bwino ankachitira onse mwanjira amene anakhudza. Poyankha, boma la Soviet Union sanathe amanyalanyaza otsutsa. otsutsa Soviet ananena poyera mfundo zake zandale maganizo. Nthawi zina amaphatikizidwa mu mabungwe lonse mobisa. Poyankha, akuluakulu adazunza otsutsa ndi lamulo.

"Otsutsa Political"

otsutsa Soviet anali kutiletsa. Aliyense amene ankawachitira, mosavuta kutumiza ulalo, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kuwombera. Komabe, otsutsa mobisa zinatha kokha mpaka kumapeto kwa 50s lapansi. Kuyambira 1960 mpaka 1980, kayendedwe dissident anali ndi mwayi ndithu pa siteji anthu. Mawu akuti "dissident ndale" anakamba boma m'mavuto. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, popeza kuuzidwa kuti maganizo onse awo pafupifupi poyera.

Cha m'ma 1960 kuti "dissident" anali kale pafupifupi nzika iliyonse, ndipo osati USSR komanso kunja. Sanamvere anagawira timapepala ta, makalata chinsinsi ndi lotseguka ku makampani ambiri, m'manyuzipepala ndi ngakhale m'makhoti boma. iwo anayesanso monga momwe tingathere, ndi kutumiza amakwera ndege kulengeza linakhalapo ku mayiko ena a dziko.

mtima boma otsutsa

Nanga ndi "dissident", ndipo kodi kuoneka mawu? Iwo analowa ntchito chiyambi cha 60 amatanthauza magulu odana ndi boma. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mawu akuti "dissident ndale" koma poyamba icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko ena. Pa nthawi okha otsutsa ku Soviet Union anayamba amadzitcha okha.

Nthawi zina, boma fielded otsutsa achifwamba kwenikweni, nawo uchigawenga, monga kuphulika mu Moscow m'chaka 77. Komabe, izi sizinali choncho. Mofanana ndi bungwe lirilonse, otsutsa anali malamulo awo, tikhoza kunena malamulo. Mukhoza kusankha zofunika kwambiri a iwo: "Kodi si ntchito chiwawa," "olengeza kanthu" "kutetezedwa kwa ufulu wofunikila wa anthu, kumasulikha" ndi "malamulo".

Ntchito yaikulu ya gulu dissident

Cholinga chachikulu cha anthu otsutsa anali kuuza nzika kuti dongosolo chikominisi wakhala lotha ndipo m'malo ndi mfundo ayenera kubwera ku dziko kumadzulo. ntchito zawo amagwira zosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri anali kufalitsa mabuku ndi timapepala ta. Sanamvere zina pamodzi magulu ndi kuwonetsera maphunziro.

Kodi ndi "dissident" anali kale pafupifupi dziko lonse, ndipo okha ku Soviet Union iwo ukugwira zigawenga. Nthawi zambiri limatchedwa otsutsa, koma kungoti "odana Soviet" ndi "odana Soviet zinthu". Ndipotu, otsutsa ambiri njira kuti ine ndekha, ndipo watchulidwa ndipo amasiya tanthauzo la "dissident".

Dzina lake Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Isaevich

Mmodzi wa anthu achangu gulu limeneli linali dzina lake Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn. dissident anabadwa mu 1918. Dzina lake Aleksandr Isaevich anali mu gulu la anthu otsutsa kwa khumi kuposa wina. Iye anali mmodzi wa otsutsa kwambiri amapilira a dongosolo Soviet ndi mphamvu Soviet. Tikhoza kunena, Solzhenitsyn anali mmodzi wa instigators za kayendedwe dissident.

mapeto dissident

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, iye anapita kutsogolo ndipo analimbikitsidwa ndi udindo wa mkulu. Koma iye sanavomereze ambiri a zochita za Stalin. Ngakhale panthawi ya nkhondo, iye anatsogolera kukambirana ndi bwenzi, amene sanagwirizane Iosifa Vissarionovicha. Kodi wekha dissident mu zolemba akadandaule mapepala limene poyerekeza boma Stalin ndi serfdom. Malinga ndi chikalata cha ogwira ntchito chidwi "Smersh". Pambuyo kufufuza anayamba chifukwa cha zomwe Solzhenitsyn anamangidwa. Iye am'landa udindo woyang'anira, ndipo kumapeto 1945 analamulidwa.

Pomaliza, dzina lake Aleksandr Isaevich zaka pafupifupi 8 zaka. Mu 1953, iye anamasulidwa. Komabe, ngakhale pambuyo Poti Iye sanasinthe maganizo ndi cholinga chake kwa Soviet Union. Ambiri mwina okha Solzhenitsyn ankakhulupirira kuti anthu otsutsa mu Soviet Union, anthu amavutika.

Walekana ndi kumanja kwa buku malamulo

Dzina lake Aleksandr Isaevich yatulusa nkhani zambiri ndi ntchito za ulamuliro wa Soviet Union. Komabe, mkubwela kwa Brezhnev, iye akumanidwa ufulu buku malamulo kulembamo ake. Kenako, KGB inalandidwa Solzhenitsyn zikalata lake lonse, amene munali propaganda odana Soviet, koma ngakhale pambuyo Solzhenitsyn sanali kuletsa ntchito zawo. Iye Adadzadzidwa ndi kukhala wochitachita mu magulu chikhalidwe, komanso zisudzo. Dzina lake Aleksandr Isaevich anali kuyesera kuuza aliyense zomwe ndi "dissident". Mogwirizana ndi zochitika zimenezi, boma la Soviet anayamba kuona Solzhenitsyn monga mdani lalikulu la dziko.

Pambuyo mabuku Alexander akhala anamasulidwa mu United States popanda chilolezo chake, iye anachotsedwa Society Union Writers. Solzhenitsyn ndi weniweni mudziwe nkhondo Soviet Union dzikolo. Anti-Soviet kuyenda mu USSR akuluakulu zambiri sindimakonda. Choncho, m'zaka za m'ma 1970 malangizo a Komiti chapakati cha CPSU anali ndi akapolo funso ntchito Solzhenitsyn a. Pakutha msonkhano, iwo anaganiza kuti amumange. Kenako, February 12 1974 chaka Solzhenitsyn anagwidwa ndi mosatsata nzika Soviet, ndipo pambuyo pake achotsedwa USSR ku Germany. alonda KGB panokha adamgwira ndege. Patapita masiku awiri, lamulo linaperekedwa kwa katundu ndi chiwonongeko cha zikalata zonse, nkhani iliyonse mabuku odana Soviet. m'zochitika zonse mkati mwa Soviet Union tsopano wachinsinsi monga "chinsinsi."