Kodi kuphunzira phonetics ndi orthoepy? Kodi mukufuna kuphunzira phonetics?

Kulankhula zikumveka, Pantchito za merging phokoso ma phokoso - ndizo zonse zimene kuphunzira phonetics. sayansi ndi nthambi ya chachikulu chilango - zilankhulo, yomwe ikufotokoza chinenero wotero.

Chikhazikitso cha phonetics

Kupanga izo momveka kuti kuphunzira phonetics, zokwanira kuyerekeza chipangizo cha chinenero chilichonse. Mkati, pali kugwirizana yofunika pakati pa mkati mawu m'kamwa, olembedwa. Phonetics - ichi ndi sayansi kuti ikufotokoza kukonza. nkhani zofunika iye ali orthoepy (katchulidwe malamulo) ndi zithunzi (kulemba).

Ngati inu kuwonjezera limodzi chithunzi kalata (chikhalidwe) Phokoso ake, timapeza chida chofunika kwambiri mu kulankhula kwa anthu. Izi ndizimene kuphunzira phonetics. Komanso, komanso ikufotokoza mbali zofunika katchulidwe, ndiko kuti, zipangizo ntchito mwa munthu m'mawu ake. Izi otchedwa unit wa katchulidwe - akonzedwa ziwalo zofunika articulation. phonetics akatswiri kuganizira makhalidwe lamayimbidwe mawu, amene zofunika kulankhulana yachibadwa.

Zikamera wa phonetics

Kumvetsa zimene akuphunzira phonetics, komanso muyenera kuyang'ana pa mbiriyakale ya sayansi imeneyi. The maphunziro oyamba pa zokuzira mawu a chinenero, anaonekera pakati, anthu akale Greek. Kulankhula chipangizo chidwi Plato, Heraclitus, Democritus ndi Aristotle. Choncho VII m'ma BC. e. galamala anaonekera, ndipo ndi izo -fonetichesky kusanthula ndi kulekana kwa phokoso pa zilembo ndi mavawelo. Kungoti preconditions chiyambi sayansi yamakono.

Pa Choonadi, asayansi European choyamba anafunsa funso pa za chikhalidwe cha mapangidwe phokoso. Woyambitsa ndi chiphunzitso cha lamayimbidwe za mawu kusewera anali German dokotala Mkhristu Krattsenshteyn. chakuti madokotala upainiya phonetics, kwenikweni zodabwitsa. maphunziro awo a kulankhula zokhudza thupi mu uthunthu. Mu madokotala makamaka chidwi chikhalidwe cha anthu ogontha-mutism.

Mu phonetics XIX atumwi anaphunzira kale zilankhulo zonse dziko. Asayansi anapeza njira poyerekeza-mbiri kuphunzira zilankhulo. Iye anali kuyerekeza zinenero zosiyana kwa wina ndi mzake. Ndiyamika kusanthula izi phonetic kusonyeza kuti chakale chosiyanasiyana mizu wamba. Gulu chinenero gulu komanso mabanja. Iwo zochokera kufanana osati phonetics, komanso galamala, mawu ndi zina zotero. D.

Phonetics chinenero Russian

Chotero kodi muyenera kudziwa phonetics? Mbiri ya chitukuko limasonyeza kuti popanda chilango chimenechi ndi ovuta kuwamvetsa chikhalidwe cha chiyankhulo cha Amalawi. Mwachitsanzo, Russian chinenero phonetics anali woyamba ankafufuza Mihailom Lomonosovym.

Iye anali mosalekeza katswiri ndi apadera kwambiri mu sayansi achilengedwe. Komabe, Chirasha nthawi zonse chidwi University ku mawonedwe a kulankhula pagulu. Wasayansi anali wotchuka wogwira. Mu 1755 iye analemba "Russian galamala", omwe ankafufuza maziko phonetic a chinenero cha dziko. Makamaka, wolemba anafotokoza katchulidwe ka phokoso ndi chikhalidwe chawo. Mu phunziro lake, ntchito atsopano pa nthawi mfundo Loona za zilankhulo.

IPA

M'zaka za m'ma XVIII, asayansi ya World Old anakumana ndi Chisansikiriti. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zilankhulo Indian. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chilankhulo ichi ndi chimodzi mwa wamkulu wa panopa alipo mu chitukuko anthu. Chisansikiriti ali mizu m'mayiko a ku Ulaya. Izi chidwi ofufuza Western.

Posakhalitsa, mothandizidwa ndi zofufuza phonetic, anapeza kuti Indian ndi European zinenero lakutali chinenero. Choncho phonetics konsekonse. Ofufuza cholinga: kulenga zilembo umodzi, zomwe losindikizidwa phokoso amanenendwe onse a dziko lapansi. Mayiko dongosolo galamafoniyo kujambula unayamba mu m'ma XIX. Zinakhalapo ndipo lowonjezera ndi lero. Mothandizidwa ndi mzimuwo n'zosavuta kuyerekeza kutali kwambiri kuchokera kwa ena ndi yosiyana zinenero lililonse.

Mabwalo phonetics

United sayansi phonetic lagawidwa m'magawo angapo. Onse a iwo akuphunzira mbali yosiyana chinenero. Mwachitsanzo, General Phonetics ikufotokoza chito kuti alipo malilime a mitundu yonse. Kafukufuku Izi zimatithandiza kupeza mfundo wamba Buku ndi mizu.

phonetics ofotokoza likuthandiza zikuchitika iliyonse chinenero. Chinthu phunziro ake ndi zokuzira mawu. Mbiri phonetics ndi zoyenera kutsatira chitukuko ndi "kukula" chinenero makamaka.

orthoepy

Kuyambira phonetics anasankha sayansi orthoepy. Ndi mwambo yopapatiza. Kodi kuphunzira phonetics ndi orthoepy? Asayansi okhazikika mu sayansi, akuyendayenda katchulidwe ka mawu. Koma ngati phonetics laperekedwa kwa mbali zonse za chikhalidwe phokoso la mawu, ndi orthoepy zofunikira pofuna kudziwa njira yoyenera mawu kusewera ndi zina zotero. D.

Maphunziro awa anayamba ngati mbiri yakale. Language mwa njira zake ndi zamoyo. Akufotokozera ndi anthu. Ndi mbadwo uliwonse watsopano, chinenero wayamba kuchotsa zinthu zapathengo, kuphatikizapo katchulidwe. Choncho archaisms akukuwerengerani ndipo m'malo mwa malamulo atsopano. Izi ndizimene kuphunzira phonetics, zithunzi, orthoepy.

kutchula malamulo

katchulidwe malamulo aliyense chinenero anaika mu njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kugwirizana chinenero Russian zinachitika October kuukira boma. Panali osati latsopano Popereka linalake, komanso galamala. Lonse XX m'ma Russian akatswiri a zinenero kumaona zotsala zimene zatsala m'mbuyomu.

Language mu Russian unali kwambiri m'goli. mfundo Orthoepic mu dera lililonse osiyana Chrixitu. Ichi chinali chifukwa ambiri m'zilembo. Ngakhale mu Moscow panali chilankhulo chake. Pamaso zitasintha, iye ankaona ponseponse chinenero Russian, koma mibadwo zingapo mosasintha anasintha mchikakamizo cha nthawi.

Orthoepy akuyendayenda mfundo monga intonation ndi ka. Oyankhula kwambiri, wamkulu n'zotheka kuti gulu linalake adzakhala ndi malamulo awo omwe phonetic. Amasiyana muyezo mabuku a kusintha lawo mapangidwe phoneme kalembedwe. Zochitika wapadera ndi amatengedwa ndi systematized asayansi, ndiye kulowa yapadera yotchula dictionary.

zithunzi

China chofunika kwa phonetics chilango ndi zithunzi. Limatchedwanso kulemba. Mothandizidwa ndi chizindikiro dongosolo lokhazikika deta anakhazikitsa, chimene munthu akufuna kusonyeza kupyolera mu chinenero. Choyamba, anthu kokha kudzera mwa mawu, koma iye anali ndi zovuta zambiri. Chief mwa awa anali kulephera kuika maganizo ake kotero kuti kupulumuka pa sing'anga zilizonse (mwachitsanzo, pepala). Zikamera kulemba anasintha zinthu izi.

Zithunzi ikufotokoza mbali zonse za dongosolo zovuta zizindikiro. Kuti amasanthula sayansi ya phonetics ndi izi chilango yogwirizana? A kuphatikiza zilembo ndi katchulidwe chinathandiza anthu kuti akonze dongosolo logwirizana la chinenero, ndi chimene amalankhulira. Interconnection mbali ziwiri zofunika za izo (orthoepy ndi zithunzi) mtundu uliwonse ali yake. Akatswiri aziwerenga. palibe chofunika kwambiri kuposa zithunzi ndi phonetics kwa kamvedwe ka chinenero cha chilengedwe. Kodi amaphunzira katswiri pa maganizo a kachitidwe awiri? mayunitsi awo zamalankhulidwe ndi zilembo ndi katchulidwe. Ndi iwo - zinthu zazikulu akuphunzira sayansi ndi zinenero.