Kodi mausoleum a Kotovsky ali kuti?

Russian yense, makamaka pakati pa okalamba, amagwirizanitsa mawu akuti "mausoleum" ndi mawonekedwe a granite pa Red Square, omwe ali ndi mayi wa mtsogoleri wa dziko lonse lapansi. Koma sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti pali mawirileums ena awiri. Zomwe zili ku Vinnitsa, ndipo zimakhala malo oika maliro a dokotala wotchuka wa ku Russia NI Pirogov, adakali kudziwika, koma apa palikuti pali mausoleum a Kotovsky - msilikali amene ankaopa kwambiri Kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Russia koma adadzitchuka monga Nkhondo ya Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe, ochepa amadziwa.

Robin Hood ku Bessarabia

Mzinda wa Kotovsky unakhazikitsidwa mwamsanga atangomwalira mu August 1925. Chigamulochi chinapangidwa ndi mwiniwake wa mwiniwake wa odessa okwera mtengo kwambiri, Seider Meer. Zomwe zinachitikira mlanduwo komanso zotsatira zake za akuluakulu a boma zinayambitsa mafunso ambiri, omwe sangathe kuwayankha. Komabe, zonse mwadongosolo.

Kotovsky Grigory Ivanovich, yemwe mausoleum ndi amodzi mwa atatu omangidwa ku USSR, anabadwira m'chaka cha 1881 kukhala m'banja la achigalu omwe ankakhala mumudzi wa Gancesti wa chigawo cha Bessarabian. Kuyambira ali mwana, olimba ake ndi maulendo a mabuku, akunena za achifwamba olemekezeka, omwe wamkulu wawo anali Robin Hood. Zimakhala zovuta kunena malingaliro olemekezeka omwe anaphunzira kuchokera kuwerengedwe, koma monga wakuba, wolimba mtima komanso wopanda mantha, Grigory posakhalitsa anadziwika ku Bessarabia.

Kotovsky anali ndi zaka zopitirira makumi awiri pamene adaimbidwa mlandu ndi kupha ndalama. Pofuna apolisi, iye akuyenda, akudodometsa ndi ubwinyamata, mpaka atadziwana ndi achigawenga a Socialist-Revolutionaries omwe adabweretsanso ndalama zowonongeka ndi phwando la chuma kuchokera kwa anthu olemera mumzindawu, mwachindunji, akuchita zoba zobisika. Ntchito zoterezi zikugwirizana ndi maganizo ake okhudza moyo weniweni.

Gulu latsopano

Posakhalitsa kumbuyo kwa Robin Hood watsopano yemwe ali ndi malo ochuluka omwe amafunkhidwa ndi kuwotchedwa, ndipo iye mwiniyo akudziwika kuti akufunidwa ngati wolakwa woopsa yemwe mutu wake akulipidwa. Patangopita miyezi ingapo, Kotovsky anachoka pamodzi ndi anzake, Socialist-Revolutionaries, ndipo akusonkhanitsa gulu la anyamata achidwi, akupitirizabe kubedwa popanda ndale.

Sikudziwika ngati zowawa za gangsters zimafika kwa anthu osauka ndi osowa, monga m'mabuku okhudza Robin Hood, koma aaman ndi anzake akhala nthawi zonse m'madera odyera odessa ndi mahule ambiri kuyambira nthawi imeneyo.

Kumbuyo kwa mipiringidzo

Komabe, zigawenga zosangalatsa zimasintha, ndipo patapita kanthawi Kotovsky ali m'ndende ya ndende yisanayambe kundende. Pali malipoti akuti anamangidwa pampando wa abwenzi ake omwe kale anali a Socialist-Revolutionary. Ngakhale kuti Pulezidenti Kotovsky akuyesera kudzipangira yekha wotsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, omwe anali otchuka kwambiri m'zaka zimenezo, akuweruzidwa zaka makumi awiri za ntchito zovuta. Ngakhale asanatumizedwe kumalo ena, Grigory amathawa kuthawa kundende ku Chisinau ndipo ali ndi ufulu, koma kwa kanthaŵi kochepa - patangopita masiku ochepa amamangidwa ndi kutumizidwa kumpoto kwa Russia mu zikhomo.

Zaka khumi zapitazi za moyo wopita kumsewu zimangomanga njanji ya Amur komanso m'migodi yachangu ya Nerchinsk. Apa iye akugonjetsa ulamuliro mu dziko lophwanya malamulo lozungulira ndipo akulowa muumphawi wake - amakhala wakuba mulamulo. Izi zinatsimikiziridwa ndi chidindo choyimira, chogwiritsidwa ntchito ku makopa ndi kusungidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo. Kuloledwa kwake kosamaloledwa pansi pa malamulo a chigawenga kunali kulangidwa ndi imfa.

Mfumu ya pansi

Mu 1913, Kotovsky, akupha alonda awiri, anathawa ku minda. Panthawiyi wothawa sangagwidwe, ndipo posakhalitsa amawonekera ku Odessa, komwe amakhala amodzi a mafumu. Gulu lake linalanda nzika za Odessa olemera ndipo likuchita zomwe zimatchedwa kuti racketeering lero - ndi msonkho kwa amalonda.

Koma nthawi ino Gregory amasintha njira. Amadza ndi lingaliro losavuta komanso loluntha - kusiyana ndi kukhala ndi vuto ndi apolisi, ndi bwino kugawira omwe akuba ndi alonda ndikukambirana molimbika ndi bizinesi yawo. Kuchokera apo, akufunidwa mwakhama, amakhala momasuka m'mabwalo abwino kwambiri a Odessa ndipo amapita ku malo odyera momasuka.

Mbali imeneyi ya ntchito yake yakhala ikudziwika ndi akatswiri olemba mbiri a Soviet, omwe adawonetsa kuti Kotovsky ndi munthu wodzikonda wa Robin Hood, amene iye analota kutsanzira ali mwana. Koma zenizeni, monga mukudziwa, ndizovuta, ndipo zolemba zambiri zomwe zinaperekedwa panthawi ya perestroika zinapangitsa kuti ayang'ane zatsopano.

Chilango cha imfa

Komabe, sitidzasokonezedwa. Zaka zitatu zachipambano za gangster, kapena, mwa mawu awo "fart", zinathera mukumangidwa kosayembekezereka. Mu 1916, pamene nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse inali yotentha, ndipo mphamvu ku Odessa inali ya General Brusilov, munthu wolimba komanso wosawonongeka, Kotovsky anagwidwa ndi kuweruzidwa kuti afe ndi chigamulo cha khothi. Koma chimwemwe sichinasinthe iye pano - pamapeto omaliza chilango cha imfa chidasinthidwa ndi ndende ya moyo.

Woyang'anira wamkulu

Gawo latsopano mu moyo wa wobwezeretsedwa ndi chiyambi cha Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe. Ngakhale kuti pambuyo pa February Revolution akaidi onse a ndale anamasulidwa, achifwambawo adatsalira, ndipo kuti apite mfulu, Kotovsky akupempha kuti atumizedwe kutsogolo. Pempholi lakhutitsidwa, ndipo posakhalitsa ali kale msirikali wa ankhondo a Red, ndipo patapita kanthawi - ndipo mtsogoleri wa asilikali. Pakufulumira kotereku, kuthekera kwake kuti azigonjetsa chifuniro cha anthu ena ndi kuwatsogolera kwakhudza. Simungathe kuwonetsa kuti ndi wolimba komanso wolimba mtima.

Zimadziwika kuti mu Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe, mphamvu ku Odessa inasintha nthawi zambiri ndipo inadutsa kuchokera m'manja ndi manja. Pomwe zinachitika kuti Kotovsky, amene anatsala mumzindamo, atagwidwa ndi azungu, adathawa, ndipo anakhala masiku angapo kubisala m'modzi mwa ofeza a Odessa, omwe mwini wake anali mphali wake wam'tsogolo Seider Meer. Posiya malo osayenera, Kotovsky analonjeza, nthawi zina, kuyamika mpulumutsi wake. Ndipo izi zinachitika patapita zaka zingapo.

Kulimbana ndi mphamvu

Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe inali itatha, ndipo kumapeto kwa December 1922 boma lalikulu kwambiri, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, linawonekera pa mapu a dziko lapansi. Anamwalira patapita zaka ziwiri, ndipo Stalin anamutenga m'malo mwa boma. Kuchokera masiku oyambirira adayamba kulimbana ndi mphamvu zopanda mphamvu m'manja mwake ndikuchotseratu anthu omwe angapikisane naye, ndipo makamaka pamwamba pake, oimira akuluakulu a asilikali apamwamba kwambiri.

Pakati pa anthu omwe adachititsa mantha a mfumuyi anali akuluakulu monga MV Frunze, MN Tukhachevsky, GK Ordzhonikidze, komanso, G. I Kotovsky, amene pazaka za nkhondo adapeza mphamvu zodabwitsa pakati pa amuna ndi asilikali a Red Army Anthu okhala m'maderawa amasulidwa ndi iwo. Mmenemo, Stalin adawona wokondedwa wake, kuti muzochitika zotero zinali zofanana ndi kulemba chilango cha imfa.

Kupha Mwambo

Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphamvu ya Soviet ku Odessa, mabungwe onse owopsa anali atatsekedwa, kuphatikizapo banja la Seider Meier. Wopanda ndalama, adapitako kuti amuthandize Kotovsky, yemwe adamulipira kale chipulumutso chake ndipo adatha kukhala munthu wokhudzidwa kwambiri. Pofuna kubwezera zabwino, adakonza zomwe ankadziŵa kale ndi mutu wa fakitale ya shuga, yomwe, malinga ndi mfundo zina, iye adayesa, kapena akunena tsopano, anagulitsa, anaba ndalama zam'mbuyomu.

Pofuna kumvetsetsa zomwe zinachitika usiku wa pa August 6, 1925, pamene moyo wa nthano wamakono unadulidwa kuchoka ku Zowonongeka, ochita kafukufuku akufika pozindikira kuti izi sizowonjezera mgwirizano wopha, wokonzedwa ndi Stalin, ndi Wolemba Sayer Meier. Sikudziwika kuti adakwanitsa bwanji kuti aphedwe, koma mwachiwonekere kuti adali mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa amene angayandikire Kotovsky, yemwe nthawi zonse anali kutetezedwa. Pothandizira zayiyi imanena zambiri.

Zosangalatsa, mabungwe a boma adanyalanyaza imfa ya munthu amene adakondedwa ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri ndipo anali mmodzi mwa atsogoleri a nkhondo otchuka kwambiri. Pa ziwalo zonse zosindikizidwa za dziko, nyuzipepala ya Pravda yokha ndiyoyikidwa mzere wochepa pazochitika izi, ndipo m'zaka zotsatira zakhala zikuyikidwa pazinthu zonse za Kotovsky. Mwamunayo mwiniwakeyo anamangidwa msanga, anayesedwa, koma, ngakhale kuti anali kuyembekezera, anapulumuka zaka khumi m'ndende, ndipo patatha zaka zitatu adamasulidwa kuti akhale khalidwe labwino. M'dziko limene adaphedwa pokhapokha chifukwa chodandaula ndi zochita zauchigawenga, iwo amamukhululukira makamaka wakupha munthu wina wotchuka. Komabe, sanakhale ndi moyo kwautali. Amphaka akale adamupeza ndikumupha popanda chifundo.

Malo kumene Kotovsky amaikidwa

Mu mausoleum pa Red Square kwa chaka mayi a Lenin anangokhalapo , ndipo pamwambapo pangani chisankho chokhudza kudzoza Kotovsky - zabwino ndizochitikira. Momwemo tsiku lotsatira pambuyo pa kuphedwa, gulu lina lotsogolera ndi Pulofesa Vorobyov linabwera kuchokera ku likulu la dzikoli, lomwe linagwira ntchito ndi thupi la mtsogoleri chaka chatha, ndipo likuyamba kupanga zofanana zomwe zilipo ndi matupi a anthu odabwitsa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo ndi pafupi ndi Odessa mumudzi wa Birzula, mausoleum a Kotovsky amachedwa kumangidwanso, kumene amayi ake amamezedwa. Mandawo adatsanulidwira kuwonetseredwe kwathunthu.

Mzinda wa Birzula, umene unakhazikitsidwa ndi mausoleum wa Kotovsky, unatchedwanso Kotovsk pomwe atangomwalira. Linakhala malo a zikondwerero zadziko kuphatikizapo zikondwerero za Soviet. Iwo ankakonda kuchita ziwonetsero za antchito ndi mwambo wokuvomereza ana awo kwa apainiya. Zoonadi, posakhalitsa mavoleum a Gregory Kotovsky anatsekedwa, ndipo kuvomerezedwa kwawo sikunayambitsidwenso.

Zaka za nkhondo

Mu 1941 A German anagwira Kotovsk. Mausoleum a GI Kotovsky anawonongedwa ndi iwo, koma thupi linangotayidwa kunja. Pambuyo pa kumasulidwa kunalipo malipoti kuti anthu a mmudzimo anatha kupeza omwe anali a msilikali pakati pa zotsalira za mfuti yomwe inali mumzindawu yomwe idaponyedwa mu dzenje ndikuwapulumutsa mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo. Ngakhale izi zikugwirizana ndi zochitika zenizeni, sizidziwika, koma zimaonedwa kuti thupi la Kotovsky mu mausoleum, lomwe linamangidwanso mwatsatanetsatane, ndilo mabwinja a anthu okhala mmudzimo.

Mausoleum otsekedwa

Mausoleum wa Kotovsky, chithunzi chomwe chafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi, anamangidwa mu 1965 ndi wokonzanso Protsenko. Mkati mwawo muli bokosi lotseka lotsekedwa ndiwindo laling'ono. Zaka zatha, zenizeni, ndipo, kuziyika mofatsa, chithunzi chosayerekezeka cha munthu uyu chinalowetsedwa ndi kutchuka kofala kwa msilikali wadziko lonse wotengedwa ndi Soviet propaganda. Mausoleum a Kotovsky, kumene bokosi limodzi ndi thupi lake lilipo, akadakalibe mpaka lero.