Kodi ndi chidziwitso ndi chikhalidwe chotani chochipeza?

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa chomwe chiri patent, muyenera choyamba kunena kuti ufulu wodalirikawu ndi wofunikira pa gawo linalake: ntchito yake imagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha kumene dzikoli linalandiridwa kuti likhalepo. Amalola mwiniwake kutaya kwathunthu nzeru zake: kulola kapena kuletsa ntchito yake kumadera osiyanasiyana, komanso anthu kapena mabungwe.

Kodi ndi chilolezo chotani? Ili ndilo buku limene lingapezeke ku ofesi yapadera ya maofesi, kutulutsidwa kwa lamuloli kumatchulidwa ndi malamulo ndipo ndikutetezedwa ndi boma. Mu Russian Federation, bungwe lolamulira lomwe limayang'anira kukonzekera kwa zolemba izi ndi Federal Intellectual Property Service , yomwe ikuphatikizanso kupereka chizindikiro chake kwa munthu wina , ROSPATENT. Kuphwanya ufulu ku Russia kumaphatikizapo malamulo. Tsatanetsatane wa malamulo a kufotokozera zofunsira kwa iye, komanso zowonetsera zifukwa zotsutsa za wofunsayo zimakhazikitsidwa ndi Administrative Code ya Russian Federation.

Pa kulembedwa kwa chivomerezo, phunziroli limatetezedwa pazinthu zowonjezera. Ngati chinthu chokhacho chinalengedwa, koma sichinali chovomerezeka, ndiye palibe munthu wopanda chikalata chomwe chilipo. Kuchokera kwa wovomerezeka wovomerezeka pa chilichonse chopangidwa ndi mafakitale kapena mtundu wosiyana kumapatsa olemba ake mwayi wopeza malipiro.

Zikakhala kuti pempho la patent linaikidwa, ndipo pa chifukwa china munthuyo adakana, chikalata ichi chikhoza kupezedwa ndi nzika ina yomwe ili ndi ufulu wokopera kwathunthu. Kotero, woyambitsa woona samaloledwa kusangalala ndi ufulu wokhawokha wopangidwa.

Pozindikira chomwe chilolezo chiri, chiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi yokonzekerayo ili ndi zaka makumi awiri zokha - ndizochitika pokhapokha pokhazikika.

Kuvomerezeka kwa chivomerezo cha ntchito yoyenera ndi choyenera kwa zaka khumi, koma n'zotheka kupititsa zaka zitatu pampempha kwa woyambitsa.

Zomwe zimafunikira popereka chilolezo

Munthu akhoza kulandira chivomerezo chothandizira ngati:

A) ndi latsopano ndipo silinagwiritsidwe ntchito mu ntchito yamakono kale;

B) ngati zokonzedwazo zili ndi zikhalidwe zake zokha;

C) ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamakampani, ndiko kuti, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake nkotheka pazinkampani zamakampani komanso pa zosowa zaulimi.

Deta zonse zogwirizana ndi zovomerezeka zapamwamba zimakhazikitsidwa ndi bungwe la akatswiri a boma. Ngati zoyenerazo zikugwirizana ndi zizindikiro zenizeni, ndiye kuti munthuyo alandira chikalata chotsimikizira kuti izi zilipo.

Zopereka zimaperekedwa kuti zithandize kulimbikitsa zamakono ndipo iwo ali m'munda wa ulamuliro wa boma. Pazifukwa izi, boma likufuna kwambiri kusunga zokhazokha zowonjezera luso la njira iliyonse yopanga.

Tinafufuza zomwe patent ndi. Komabe, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti kwa zaka zambiri boma likugwira ntchito yoteteza zinsinsi za mafakitale komanso zamakono zamakono. Mwachitsanzo, United States, ikufanana ndi mapulogalamu a makompyuta ndi malo a chitetezo cha dziko, ndipo imalepheretsanso kutumiza kunja kwawo. Mauthenga onse ochotsedwera ndi pulogalamu ya makompyuta anagonjetsedwa.

Posachedwapa, mitundu yonse yopanga zamakono yasamutsidwa kuti ipatsidwe mavoti apadera pa makampani akuluakulu ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale oyenera.