Kodi ndi pamene mkodzo chachikulu aumbike: ndi njira za umoyo ndiponso matenda

Kodi munaganizapo wotani akugwira ntchito herculean matupi athu tsiku ndi tsiku kuonetsetsa kuti kagayidwe thupi? Kodi ndi kumene kupanga pulayimale ndi mkodzo sekondale, kodi asilikali a lamulo a pasukuluyi zovuta zomwe zimachitika kwa thupi pamene kuyan'anila awo? Taganizirani mafunso amenewa m'nkhani ino mwatsatanetsatane.

Malonje

Kagayidwe - yekha gwero la mphamvu ndi magawo michere kwa zamoyo zonse, kuphatikizapo anthu. Ndipo chonyamulira chachikulu ndi magazi awo. Komabe, m'kati kagayidwe anapanga osati zofunika kwa ife, komanso zosafunika osafunika kapena ngakhale metabolites poizoni kuti imabwereranso mu chilengedwe. Njira ichi 4: mpweya expiratory ku katulutsidwe khungu mwa matumbo ndi impso. Pano pali njira zatsopano ndipo ife tikuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane, chifukwa limakhudza mbali yaikulu ya kagayidwe zoyenerera m'thupi, choncho makonzedwe ake zakudya zonse zofunikira.

ndi kufunika kwa impso mu thupi chiyani?

Impso, monga mukudziwa, CHABWINO - izo wophatikizidwa limba, yomwe ili extraperitoneal lumbar dera la munthu. Ndi thupi ili ndi amene Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa poizoni onse ndi metabolites wa chamoyo kuti ali mu magazi ndi asagwe mu ya ndulu, ndi bwino electrolyte. Komanso, lithe ena mahomoni ndipo ndi imodzi mwa njira yakuti malamulo magazi - renin-angiotensin-aldosterone dongosolo, ndilo chifukwa maselo wapadera mu afferent juxtaglomerular arterioles ndi corpuscles aimpso ali tcheru kwambiri chizindikiro ichi. The parenchyma a chiwindi wapangidwa mamiliyoni nephrons mu capillary glomeruli lomwe mapangidwe a mkodzo chachikulu tubules ndi - ndende wake pamaso sekondale.

Limene chirichonse maziko?

Izi ndondomeko tsatane Mipikisano ndipo potengera mfundo masinthidwe amtundu, ndicho, kusiyana makhalidwe a. Choncho, kuthamanga masinthidwe amtundu pakati pa afferent ndi efferent arterioles nthawi kuchuluka kwa mkodzo, motero mtengo wa kufalitsidwa magazi voliyumu ndi magazi kuthamanga. A ndende masinthidwe amtundu wa ayoni ndi permeability kwa linga lawo tubular lili electrolyte bwino mu thupi. Choncho, impso - ndi chiwalo chofunika kwambiri komanso yekha zolondola yankho ku funso lakuti: "Kodi ndi kumene kupanga mkodzo chachikulu" Ngati ife tikamba zambiri zokhudza kapangidwe ka nephron wa, ndiye dzina mbali yaikulu ziwiri: corpuscle aimpso (capillary glomerulus + akunja kapisozi Bowman -Shumlyanskogo) ndi tubules (atsikira - proximal convoluted mzere, kuzungulira wa Henle, akwera - wapotalikira convoluted ndi molunjika). Kodi ndi pamene mkodzo chachikulu aumbike mwa dongosolo limeneli? Ndithu chabe, ngati inu muyang'ana.

Kodi ntchito?

Choncho, njira zonse zikuchitika mu nyumba ya nephron mwa njira motsatizana. Ndipotu mkodzo chachikulu - ndi madzi akamagwira kusefera mbali ma magazi, ndipo izo zimachitika mu corpuscles ndi aimpso. Chifukwa chakuti awiri afferent arterioles nephron kawiri awiri a magazi efferent amawapopa pansi kuthamanga mu kapisozi a Bowman-Shymlanskaya, ndi mchikakamizo cha mphamvu akulowa capillary glomerulus. Mu chipindacho zinthu ndi tizidutswa Sizilowana coarse chotchinga chotengera makoma, ndi iwo anabwera kuchokera kapisozi pa mmbuyo kupyola mu efferent arteriole. Apa mmene ndipo pamene mkodzo chachikulu aumbike. Zimenezi mobwerezabwereza mosalekeza, aliyense chachiwiri, chifukwa kuti asunge imawonongeratu ziwalo zathu ndi zimakhala magazi amazungulira mosalekeza, kudutsa kudzera impso.

angapo

Choncho, lero thupi umadutsa lokha malita 1,700 magazi, amene anapanga kuchokera mkodzo chachikulu (150-170 malita), i.e. okwanira 1 khumi lililonse. Ndi madzi okwanira ayenera yotengedwa kuchokera mu thupi, chifukwa tsiku lililonse munthu amadya 2-3 malita a madzi, pafupi theka la lita kuphatikiza zina kupangidwa nthaŵi kagayidwe kachakudya. Ndipo ngati mkodzo chachikulu akamagwira kusefera yosavuta magazi kudzera zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ndi pafupifupi plasma, koma popanda mamolekyulu lalikulu. Koma mosiyana ndi chomaliza analemba mkodzo yaikulu m'gulu ayoni ambiri ndi shuga, monga mosavuta kudutsa khoma mtima. Komanso, kudutsa izo kupyolera dongosolo la tubules amapezeka reabsorption wa madzi, electrolytes ndi, Chofunika kwambiri, shuga. N'chifukwa chake pamene detects mu kusanthula mkodzo mapuloteni ndi shuga dokotala kwenikweni akuganiza chikhalidwe pathological za thupi.

matenda

impso ongoyendayenda wothandizila ambiri opatsirana, chitetezo chawo, komanso majeremusi. Choncho, matenda oopsa ndi glomerulonephritis, chogunda, makamaka nephrons amene anapanga mkodzo chachikulu. Komanso yotupa ndondomeko akupitiriza tubules choncho urinalysis napeza ndalama zambiri zomanga thupi ndi electrolytes.

The chosayenerera ambiri ndi pyelonephritis - kutukusira kwa aimpso mafupa a chiuno dongosolo la chikhalidwe opatsirana, mwachitsanzo impso m'madipatimenti kuti kale amanyamula mkodzo mu ureter lapansi. Parenchyma pamene kuvutika kwangochepetsako pang'ono chabe, kotero mapuloteni chimapezeka zochepa, koma mabakiteriya ndi maselo oyera - chidwi. Komanso chikhalidwe chosiyana zimachitika nephritis mu zokhudza zonse pathologies thupi (amyloidosis), matenda a cardio-mtima system (atherosclerosis, matenda oopsa, thrombosis), ndi matenda kagayidwe kachakudya. Palinso malformations kobadwa nako a dongosolo mkodzo. Choncho, impso timakhala kwambiri kusintha pathological, ndi chifukwa cha ntchito yawo kwambiri thupi ndi mkulu, za umoyo wawo ayenera kusamalira a unyamata wake.