Kodi njira ya ulaliki wa malamulo malamulo chiyani?

Njira ulaliki wa malamulo malamulo - khamu lalikulu la sayansi amatchedwa "chiphunzitso cha lamulo." Asayansi akhala wachinsinsi nkhaniyi, malingana ndi njira kupanga nkhani wopanga malamulo. Pofuna kumvetsa Mkhalidwe chachikulu kudziwa malamulo, ndikofunika kupereka ulemu wapadera kwa nkhaniyi.

Ufulu wopanga malamulo ndi

Pofuna kumvetsa bwino njira za ulaliki wa malamulo milandu malamulo, m'pofunika kuganizira dongosolo awo mkati. Ndipo ziyenera kuchitika osati mbali zina za nkhani, koma mfundo zonse, ndipo boma ndime.

Palibe njira ya ulaliki wa malamulo malamulo, zomwe zikanati zinzawozo ndi wopanga malamulo wanenedwa kuti Nkhani chotkom. No. Komabe, akatswiri a zamalamulo koma kuzindikiridwa gulu la, umene mtundu wina wa nkhani akhoza kuwasiyanitsa ndi mzake. Chosowa atchedwe bwino limagwirira chifukwa chakuti wopanga malamulo pulayimale akuyesetsa kwambiri kuuza anthu za tanthauzo la chilamulo, ndipo osati abvale m'njira iliyonse. Mu nkhani imeneyi, njira zambiri za nkhaniyo zinachititsa gulu ena.

Za njira mwachindunji

Njira ulaliki wa malamulo malamulo amasiyana osati dongosolo komanso m'lingaliro zili. Ngati mukuona kuti nkhani ya zinthu zitatu: kungoganizira, makhalidwe ndi ziletso, ndiye pamaso panu njira yolunjika. Ndi iye akuchita malamulo chabe limatchula zinthu ankaona ponseponse, amapatsidwa mawu enieni.

M'malamulo Russian pali zitsanzo zambiri kuti asonyeze njira mwachindunji za nkhaniyo. Mwachitsanzo, Chilamulo Federal "Pa ukutitsimikizira ufulu masankho" akusonyeza nkhani malinga ndi zimene nzika pa msinkhu ambiri akhoza osankhidwa ndi kusankhidwa. Iyi ndi njira yolunjika malamulo a ulaliki. Komanso, nkhani imeneyi muli zambiri lamulo la makhalidwe, kutanthauza kuti anthu amene kungafoole kukhazikitsa lamulo limeneli adzathetsedwa zosiyanasiyanazo udindo.

zinthu malamulo

Njira ulaliki malamulo malamulo anawagawira, monga tanenera kale, malingana ndi kukhalapo mu iwo a zinthu mkati structural. Pa chitsanzo cha nkhani pamwamba akhoza bwino kutifotokozera zinthu zoyambirira za lamulo. Mavuto ulamuliro chomveka, ndi Russian dziko, komanso kukwaniritsa zaka. Only mu kukhalapo kwa pamwamba zinthu ziwiri ponseponse mwamphamvu malamulo ndi kupereka mwayi nawo chisankho. zinthu zimenezi zimatchedwa kungoganizira.

ulamuliro Direct khalidwe lomwe amaloledwa kapena choletsedwa mwakale, wotchedwa m'mutu. M'nkhani ino ya mchitidwe uwu ndi kuthekera kwa nzika kuvota chisankho.

Pankhani ziletso, item zimenezi zimaphatikizapo zotsatira za zomwe zimakhala zoipa ndi zabwino. Mu nkhani ya kuphwanya malamulo okhazikika khalidwe adzalangidwa, ndipo ngati akuyendera - Kukwezeleza.

Choncho onse onse akuyang'ana dongosolo la chilamulo. Njira malamulo ulaliki wa chilamulo amadalira kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa zinthu payekha. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti kuwonjezera pa malamulo mwachindunji kulibe bulangeti ndi referential. Choncho, zinthu zosiyanasiyana mwakale kungakhale osati mu madera osiyana a lamulo, komanso malangizo ena.

Pa Referential njira

Mbali referential akafuna kupereka malamulo malamulo ndi gawo la nkhani zatchulidwa mu kachitidwe malamulo, koma mu chaputala zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhala phindi ibodzi iri m'nkhani chachikulu, onetsetsani kuti palibe ndiye kuti chomaliza angapezeke mu nkhani inayake ya NPA.

Referential Chitsanzo mafashoni

Njira ulaliki wa malamulo mwalamulo yemweyo mu boma Russian ndi m'mayiko ena. A chitsanzo chapadera cha Buku wa nkhani ndi mfundo 313th wa French chilango Code, amene amathandiza kuti udindo zina ntchito achinyengo. M'nkhaniyi muli ndi mtima ngati tanthauzo la Machitidwe zimene mu Nkhani 313 pafupifupi. 1, 2, 4, 6 chikalata chomwecho zolimbana. Izi pamakhala kuvomerezedwa mu mawonekedwe a mndandanda wa zilango zina siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo.

Referential njira malamulo a ulaliki zimasonyeza bwinobwino mu Gawo 1 Art. 227 wa Code Wachifwamba, lomwe lili ndi dzina la "kuberana kwazaluso." Mbali yoyamba limafotokoza zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi zinthu funso, lachiwiri - ndi kuvomerezedwa pamene mobwerezabwereza mwachita ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida, wachitatu - referential kwa 1 ndi 2 na- mbali ya mwakale, amene lowonjezera ndi chilango cha mlandu umene limadzetsa imfa ya munthu kapena mavuto ena aakulu.

Mobwerezabwereza malamulo, pali milandu pamene mawu onena za nkhani inayake ya chikalata normative akusowa. Mu zinthu izi, wopanga malamulo amakhulupirira kuti malamulo enforcers akhoza mosadalira kudzera zomveka njira kupeza nkhani zomwe zimapereka tanthauzo la mfundo kaya kuvomerezedwa ndi.

Nkhani akufufuta 3

Bulangeti njira ya ulaliki wa malamulo malamulo ndi gulu la Nkhani za mu magawo angapo, amene nawonso, anawagawa malamulo angapo. Kachiwiri mu nkhani iyi wopanga malamulo sikuti kukhazikitsa malamulo, kumene "Lost" lamulo la makhalidwe kapena kuvomereza ena.

Chitsanzo omveka, kulabadira malamulo chitetezo malamulo ndi mfundo boma. Pamwamba m'dera zikalata zolimbana kusamalira udindo wakuswa riziki aliyense pansi pa malamulo panopa. Choncho, dalaivala linaphwanya malamulo magalimoto, Mulimonsemo, adzalangidwa monga ziletso zimene mu Code wa Administrative Kulakwira kapena Code Wachifwamba. Poganizira za m'mutu, ndi malamulo a pamsewu mosapita m'mbali ovomerezedwa ndi zochita zolimbana malamulo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, lamulo enforcer tikaonetsetsa kulakwa amafunika chithandizo kwa anthu zikalata zolimbana.