Kodi protocol Internet: malingaliro zoyambirira

Masiku ano, pafupifupi onse ogwiritsa kuti mwayi lonse kwa World Lonse Web kapena kulenga zonse LAN kugwirizana ntchito otchedwa ndondomeko Internet. Pa mayesero onsewa, vuto ntchito zawo ndi kasinthidwe zingasiyane ndithu kwambiri. Tiyeni tiyese kudziwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri.

ndi Internet Protocol zimene: lingaliro ndi mbiri ya chilengedwe

Akukhulupirira kuti kholo la Internet onse kamodzi unakhazikitsidwa mu United States APRANET maukonde pa nthawi ina kumvera ngakhale usilikali. Kwenikweni ake lili mu ntchito paketi kutengerapo deta i.e. ndi mbali zina kuti akhoza kutanthauziridwa ndi ankaimba kumbuyo pa osachiritsika wina.

Mu mawu ena, protocol Internet ndi nthawi, ndipo tsopano kumafuna ena malamulo kasamalidwe deta pakati pa kompyuta malo, maseva, mafoni zipangizo, etc. Ndi kupyolera mu malo oterowo logwirizana ndipo anakhala zotheka kulumikiza zipangizo padziko lonse mnzake mu zochitika zapadera kapena mwayi munthawi yomweyo kuti gwero chimodzimodzi.

ndi ndondomeko ya Internet chiyani?

Mwachitsanzo, mudziwe zimene Protocol Internet, taganizirani ambiri makompyuta kuthamanga Windows (Mac Os X ndi zina kachitidwe UNIX ngati monga Linux, sitili kudzakhudza).

Pakali pano, pali zingapo zofunika mitundu ndi TCP / IP, UDP, FTP, ICMP, DNS, HTTP , etc. Inu mukhoza kupitiriza kwa nthawi yaitali. Kodi iwo onse osiyana?

kusiyana lagona okha zimatiyika chandamale. Mwachitsanzo, pali milingo thupi (kulenga kugwirizana ntchito zopotoka awiri kapena CHIKWANGWANI), ARP wamoyo, kuphatikizapo chipangizo madalaivala, maukonde wosanjikiza (muyezo IP ndi ICMP protocol), ndi zoyendera wosanjikiza (TCP ndi UDP), ndipo amatanthauzanso, womwenso monga HTTP protocol, FTP, DNS, NFS, etc.

Pano, mwa njira, tisaiwale kuti mwamtheradi ndondomeko zonse (ngakhale iwo amene imvera yachinsinsi Intaneti) ndi yovomerezeka malinga ndi dongosolo ISO / OSI, kuti ntchito zake pa nsanja osiyana osati cholephera ngakhale pa nkhani yosiyanasiyana machitidwe opaleshoni ndipo Mipikisano bizinezi, ntchito kukhazikitsa kugwirizana. N'kosavuta kudziwa kuti nthawi mwamtheradi Ziribe kanthu chomwe ntchito System waikidwa pa kompyuta kapena laputopu kapena zigawo aliyense Intaneti monga routers, makadi network modems, etc. sikukhazikitsa kulumikiza.

Internet Protocol IP (TCP / IP)

Lero, ambiri ndi protocol wa amatchedwa TCP / IP. Ndipotu, dongosolo tichipeza kasinthidwe mfundo (IP) ndi superstructure (TCP), amene si woyamba akhoza silingayende chifukwa lilibe mapaketi aliyense deta anatumizidwa.

Sami TCP-pacts wotumidwa monga pempho kokha pamaziko a IP. Choncho panafunika kuwonjezera zofunika magawo protocol zitatu zimene zidzakhale yosungirako kwa m'munsi ndi anasamutsidwa boma mudziwe phukusi okha. M'pofunika kunyamula zigawo checksum anatumizidwa lililonse mamvekedwe a nambala deta ndondomeko kudziwa oyamba ima pamzere kutumiza ndi kulandira, ndi dzina otchedwa makina zimasonyeza deta kutumiza ndi kulandira, komanso kukonzanso kutumiza pempho, ngati, deta anali mwina sindinawatume, kapena ayi anatengedwa.

Apa m'pofunika kulabadira kwa chakuti pa mndandanda wa ndondomeko ngati ali yekha IP ofotokoza protocol. Koma choyamba, mu gawo kugwirizana khwekhwe, ndiye zimafalitsa mode, ndipo pamapeto kukhazikitsa yopuma kugwirizana pambuyo deta HIV ndi phwando udzatha.

configuring ndi zosowa njira

Sintha Protocol Internet mu dongosolo Windows sizikuyenda. Muyenera ntchito makonda maukonde (kapena AC adaputala), kumene mzere lolingana a menyu amusankha yekha. Poyamba, zinali zophweka, kuyambira Windows 7 ndi pa, mu zoikamo, pali magulu awiri: IPv4 ndi IPv6 (osati kuwerengera kuika zina za makhalidwe pofikira).

Kuika kusakhulupirika wapangidwa mwachindunji IPv4 (monga izo zinali isanafike). Koma latsopano protocol IPv6 Internet akadali ndi kukhala sinadzatengedwe ndi achibale.

Kwenikweni, cheke cha akhoza kuchitika ngakhale kupeza udindo maukonde ntchito thireyi dongosolo. Icon mu gulu nthawi zonse amatithandiza wosuta za kupezeka kwa kugwirizana kwa LAN ndi Internet. Palibe zovuta.

Kodi wanji?

Mu nkhani ya ntchito zokonda za protocol ayenera kumanga pa zolinga zina chinali cholinga. Mwachitsanzo, ndondomeko mtundu FTP zifunika, kani, download mudziwe malo enieni kapena kutsitsa owona kwa chuma amene amathandiza dongosolo deta HIV. Poona Internet mu nkhani iyi, angathe kuchitidwa ntchito mapulogalamu omwe amalamulira zopempha (potsegula ndi katundu), anatumiza kwa yake FTP-Seva.

UDP protocol mtundu si nthawi zonse ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, makondawa ntchito makina yam'manja. Koma, monga momwe tikuonera bwino, ife tiri tsopano machitidwe otere si bwanji, chifukwa izo zinali za malo n'kupuma kompyuta ndi OSes Windows, anaika pa iwo.

Komabe, funso zoikamo protocol, ngakhalenso njira zosiyana opaleshoni kwenikweni zofanana kwa wina ndi mzake. Zina Zambiri zigawo Only apadera, ndipo kenako yekha dzina lake, koma unsembe ndi ntchito zina za mfundo za kugwirizana kumene kukhazikika pa maziko a mtundu wina wa protocol ndi pafupi zofanana.

Komanso, Windows, poyamba kanalalikira ntchito kutanthauza TCP / IP monga protocol chilengedwe. Chinthu chirichonse kapena basi kusintha kapena n'zopanda konse. Ndipo kuti sitinalandire ankaona WAP-protocol, zogwirizana mfundo kulankhulana m'manja, malire ndi makompyuta.