Kotunga mmene kukumana

Chiyambi cha nineties wa zinali zodzaza ndi kugwa kwa Soviet Union ndi chiyambi mapangidwe ubale msika. Pa nthawi iyi mu dziko lathu zinaoneka ndipo anayamba mofulumira malangizo latsopano la sayansi ndi zothandiza - mmene kukumana. Kuwonjezeka kwa kukhazikitsa katundu magalimoto molumikizana ndi zinthu zatsopano azachuma anapanga kukuchititsa zimenezi wokongola kwambiri. Poyamba, makampani akutulukira kufuna kuchepetsa chofunika kupanga. Koma tsopano bizinesi lolunjika pa mmene kukumana, amene amakopeka kwathunthu ndi linzake. Panopa kumsika ladzala ndi ogula kufunika amapereka mankhwala a mtundu uliwonse. Choncho, womasuka ndi kupeza kufalikira bizinesi ya kampani adzalola mtengo ndalama pa yosungirako ndi mayendedwe a katundu.

Masiku ano, mawu akuti "mmene kukumana" zikuphatikizapo madera onse anayi zokhudza madera malonda. Iwo lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu:

- tichepetse wa zogula;

- kotunga kwaiye nthambi osiyana aliyense gulu munthu;

- zoyendera ndi kusunga zida, zida, mbali ndi mndandanda wa atamaliza;

- kuchepetsa ndalama ndi maximizing ndalama kudziwa zolinga yaitali.

makampani mmene kukumana kupereka padziko lonse ntchito pa chiwembu chomwecho. Kukwezeleza unyolo wa mankhwala yomalizidwa anapangidwa kuchokera sewerolo ku kampani kutumiza, ndiyeno wogulitsa-makasitomala. Nthawi zina, zolinga zawo zikhoza wodzilemekeza ndi ndalama anakhumudwitsa mu nthawi ya kampeni malonda.

Mmene kukumana kotunga Mipikisano mlingo malonda chiwembu ntchito mwa njira kusamukira katundu kwa Mlengi mwachindunji ogula komaliza mwachindunji. Pa njira pano zoterozo kugulitsa katundu mulibe ndi kutchuka kwambiri.

Mmene kukumana mmene kukumana lagawidwa njira zitatu:

- Mwambo. Mozama ndi linanena bungwe limodzi ndipo ndi yabwino kwambiri pochita malamulo lalikulu zipangizo apamwamba, yosungirako omwe ali ndi mavuto.

- Deterministic. Izi njira yobweretsa n'zotheka pamaziko a chandamale anakonza. Yachokera pa zofuna za pulayimale ndi specifications, masamu kufunika zasekondale ndi zina chuma.

- Pamaziko a mowa enieni. njira zachokera kugula zipangizo zina ndi kasungidwe iwo mu nyumba yosungiramo katundu wa ogwira ntchito ndi cholinga mwamsanga kuthetsa kusoŵa anayambika chuma kupeza chipani latsopano. Mtundu wa mmene kukumana akusonyeza yake ndi zonse kubwezeretsa zinthu zofunikira.

Mmene kukumana kotunga kumatengera zifukwa kunja kuti mudziwe mlingo wa chitukuko, komanso zinthu mkati - zikhalidwe za bizinesi ya kampani.

ntchito zogula wa kampani kupeza ndalama pazipita m'tsogolo, ayenera kukhala zothandiza. ntchito malonda ayenera muli m'ndandanda wa zinthu ntchito zimene anafuna kugula popanga zipangizo ndi gulu lawo pakati pa magulu a kampani.

Zogula mmene kukumana zochimwazo kumathetsa vuto bwino kudzakhalire kupanga ayenera chuma chokwanira phindu pazipita zachuma. Maziko kukhazikitsa cholinga ichi ndi kupeza zipangizo wabwino pa mitengo wotsikitsitsa zotheka. Palinso kufunika kugwilizana ndi zinthu zina (nthawi yobereka, ndalama chifukwa kugula, etc.). Mtundu wa mmene kukumana ndi mbali yofunika kupanga, lomwe lili ndi dera lalikulu la gawo aziyenda ndi amapereka mayendedwe chuma kwa Mlengi kuti anawagulayo.