Kufanana mabuku a maganizo: Zitsanzo

M'nkhani ino tikambirana mfundo ngati zolembalemba monga kufanana maganizo. Nthawi zambiri mawu amenewa amachititsa mavuto ena ndi kutanthauzira tanthauzo lake ndi ntchito. M'nkhani ino tidzayesetsa mmene ndingathere Kufikika kufotokoza zimene mfundo mmene ntchito kuti Khadili luso la malemba ndi m'pofunika kwambiri kulipira mwapadera.

tanthauzo

Psychological kufanana mabuku - ndi imodzi mwa zipangizo stylistic. Kwenikweni ake kwagona kuti chiwembu zachokera ntchito za mbali ya amajambulapo maluwa okongola, zojambula za chilengedwe, mabwenzi, zochitika, ndiponso zochita. Anthu ambiri ntchito wowerengeka malemba ndakatulo.

Monga ulamuliro, izo tichipeza zigawo ziwiri. Woyamba ukufanizidwa ndi chithunzi cha chikhalidwe, makonzedwe ndi metaphoric kupanga maganizo ndi maganizo maziko. A chithunzi chachiwiri cha ngwazi za alikomweko, chikhalidwe cha omwe amagwirizana ndi zachirengedwe. Mwachitsanzo: kabawi - mwachita bwino, tsekwe - mkwatibwi cuckoo - wistful mkazi kapena mkazi wamasiye.

nkhani

Komabe, muyenera kupita patsogolo pang'ono mu zakale, tanthauzo maganizo kufanana. Tanthauzo mu mabuku, ndi njira, kawirikawiri imayamba ndi mawu onena yaing'ono mbiri.

Choncho, ngati njira imeneyi anabwera mabuku ku nthano kotero iye ali ndi mizu wokongola kwambiri. N'chifukwa chiyani anthu zimabwera m'maganizo kuziyerekeza ndi nyama, zomera ndi zochitika zachilengedwe? Pa mtima wa zodabwitsazi kugona m'derali amalambira motsatira miyambo zilizonse lingaliro kuti dziko lili ndi chifuniro chake. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zipembedzo zonyenga, adzakupatsani zochitika zonse za moyo wa chikumbu mtima. Mwachitsanzo, dzuwa - maso, ndiye dzuwa limaoneka moyo yogwira kukhala.

kufanana koteroko inkakhala:

• Zovuta kufanana ndi mbali khalidwe la moyo kapena kanthu.
• Ubale wa zizindikiro ndi kumvetsa kwathu kwenikweni, malamulo a dziko.
• Adjacency a zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zikhoza kukhala zofanana kudziwa zizindikiro.
• Mtengo wa moyo ndi chidzalo cha chinthu anafotokoza kapena chodabwitsa poyerekezera ndi anthu.

Moti poyamba kufanana maganizo inachokera pa zotengera malingaliridwe kuzindikira la dziko.

mitundu

Tipitiriza kufufuza kufanana maganizo. Tanthauzo takupatsani, tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za maganizo ake. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana kuphunzira zochitika izi ndi stylistic classifications ankalemekeza angapo. Ife panopa wotchuka kwambiri wa iwo - olemba A. N. Veselovskogo. Malinga ndi iye, pa kufanana maganizo ndi:

• binomial;
• ofunda;
• polenomiyo;
• monomial;
• negative.

kufanana binomial

Iwo amakhala ndi njira zotsatirazi ntchito yomanga. Poyamba, chithunzichi ndi chithunzi cha chikhalidwe, kenako kufotokoza nkhani zofanana pa moyo wa munthu. Makanema awa awiri ngati akufanana ndi mzake, ngakhale osiyana amanena chinthu. Zindikirani kuti chinthu wamba, n'zotheka harmonies zina, zolinga. Mbali imeneyi ndi chizindikiro cha kufanana maganizo kuchokera kubwereza yosavuta.

Mwachitsanzo: "Akafuna kusokoneza maluwa, inu kudikira mpaka masika, pamene iwo akufuna kukonda atsikana, m'pofunika kuti izo zinali zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi" (Spanish wowerengeka nyimbo).

Tikumbukenso Komabe, kuti kufanana kwa nthano nthawi zambiri zimachitika binomial, anamanga makamaka mu gulu la ntchito. Koma ngati kuwachotsa, zinthu zina zonse za kanjedza stylistic kutaya phindu. Mtendere wa nyumba amenewa amaperekedwa ndi zinthu ziwiri:

• Pitani ku kufanana waukulu anawonjezera yowala ngati zochita mbali gulu kuti sanali perechat.
• Yerekezerani ankakonda kuchigwiritsa, kudalowa ntchito polambira ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali n'chimodzi.

Ngati mfundo zimenezi zimapezeka, kufanana adzakhala chizindikiro kuti tikhale ndi dzina banja. Komabe, chotero tsoka akuyembekezera si onse kufanana awiri yaitali, ngakhale kumangidwa ndi malamulo onse.

kufanana ofunda

Pali nthawi imene maganizo kufanana sakhala pomwepo momveka, ndi malemba muyenera kumva chiweruzo chake. Mwachitsanzo: chimodzi mwa nyimbo Folk akuyamba ndi mzere "loyenda mtsinje, sadzauka", kenako ikulongosola za mkwatibwi, ukwati umene ndi zambiri alendo, koma palibe amene angadalitse, popeza iye anali wamasiye; Choncho kunachokera kufanana - mtsinje Kodi sadzauka, ndi mkwatibwi akukhala wachisoni, chete.

Pano mukhoza kulankhula za kusakhulupirika, osati kusowa kufanana kwake. chipangizo Stylistic ndi zovuta, zovuta kumvetsa ntchito yokha, koma dongosolo amakhala kukongola ndi ndakatulo.

polenomiyo kufanana

Lingaliro la "kufanana maganizo" ngakhale zovuta akuoneka, ndi wosavuta. Chinthu china ndi pamene tikukamba za mitundu pogwiritsa stylistic. Ngakhale kuti amachita mwachindunji multicrew kufanana, kawirikawiri ndi anapeza wake palibe mavuto.

subspecies Izi amakhala ndi kudzikundikira mmodzi ndiye amaganiza kufanana angapo amene amabwera imodzi ndi zinthu angapo. Ndiko kuti, munthu wina anatengedwa ndi poyerekeza mwachindunji ndi chiwerengero cha zithunzi. Mwachitsanzo: ". Kodi sukhalitsa, nkhunda ndi nkhunda, osati recoiling, udzu, ndi tsamba la udzu, kuti azolowere, mwachita bwino, ndi msungwana" Ndiko kuti, owerenga ali malo atatu kuyerekezera.

Chotero kuwonjezeka unilateral mafano kukusonyeza kuti kufanana zinasintha pang'onopang'ono, amene anapereka ufulu ndakatulo kwambiri kulemba ndi luso maluso awo mawunikidwe.

N'chifukwa chake polenomiyo amatchedwa kufanana zochepa zapitazi chodabwitsa cha kalembedwe anthu ndakatulo.

imodzi yaitali concurrency

Chimodzi-akuti maganizo kufanana Cholinga kukhala zithunzi ndi kulimbikitsa udindo wake ntchito. njira iyi ikuoneka motere. Tangoganizani wamba ziwiri akuti dongosolo, pamene gawo loyamba amalankhula za nyenyezi ndi mwezi, ndi wachiwiri iwo akuyerekezedwa ndi mkwati ndi mkwatibwi. Kenako, kuchotsa mbali yachiwiri, kusiya kokha zithunzi za nyenyezi ndi mwezi. Malinga ndi zomwe zili ntchito owerenga adzakhala ndikuganiza kuti ndi za mtsikana ndi mnyamata, koma lemba la iwo amatchulidwa si.

manyazi oterowo ndi ofanana kufanana mwamaonekedwe, koma mosiyana ndi Iye, Ali kuti kutchulidwa za anthu, anthu amene tili mu malingaliro. Choncho, apa tikhoza kulankhula za anthu otchulidwa. Kwa zaka folklore anaonekera kupewa mafano chongoyerekezera, amene amadziŵika ndi mtengo umodzi wokha. Chotero kwaiye ndi ntchito kufanana imodzi yaitali.

Mwachitsanzo, kabawi likadziŵika ndi mnyamata, mkwati. Ndipo zambiri mwa zolembedwa limafotokoza mmene kabawi kumenyana wina mbalame monga kubedwa, monga imene kanjira Sokolitsa. Palibe paliponse za anthu, koma timadziwa kuti tikulankhula za ubale wa anthu pakati pa anyamata ndi atsikana.

kufanana zoipa

Ife chitani za mtundu comaliza, kungakhale kufanana maganizo (zitsanzo amapatsidwa m'nkhani). kamangidwe zoipa chipangizo stylistic kawirikawiri ntchito kulenga masamu. Mwachitsanzo: ". Kubangula, osati ng'ombe, wamphamvu, osati thanthwe"

yomanga amenewa inamangidwa motere. Choyamba, munakonza yachibadwa ziwiri akuti polenomiyo kapena kufanana, kenako kuchotsedwa izo yodziwika chifanizo ndi anawonjezera negative. Mwachitsanzo, mmalo mwa "akuwombera ngati ng'ombe" - "chimvula osati ng'ombe."

Mu folklore Asilavo njira imeneyi anali wotchuka kwambiri ndi chikondi. Choncho, Tingaone osati mophiphiritsa, komanso songs, nkhani ndi zina zotero. Kenako anasamukira ku mabuku wolemba, ntchito makamaka nthano komanso kuyesetsa stylistic recreate wowerengeka ndakatulo.

Kuyambira mfundo cilamulo maganizo titero zoipa toyalana yokha asokoneza kufanana chilinganizo chimene anali kwaiye kwa mgwirizano wa zithunzi, osati kwa iwo.

Wa m'nthano mu wolemba mabuku

Pamene kufanana kwa maganizo wowerengeka ndakatulo anasamukira ku mabuku tingachipeze powerenga?

Izo zinachitika pa Vagant, oyendayenda oimba. Mosiyana ndi akapolo anzawo akale, iwo ali omaliza nyimbo zachikhalidwe ndi sukulu ndakatulo, kotero anaphunzira zofunika zipangizo zolembalemba chifaniziro cha munthu, amene yodziwika ndi abstraction kwambiri. Iwo anali ochepa limatchula ndi kugwirizana ndi chowonadi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, oimba onse zosokera, iwo anali wokongola bwino ndi folklore ndi. Choncho anayamba kuuza ena zinthu ndakatulo wake. Panali kufananitsa ndi zachilengedwe zochitika chikhalidwe cha khalidwe Mwachitsanzo chisanu ndi yophukira - ndi chisoni, ndi chilimwe ndi kasupe - ndi chimwemwe. Kumene, mmakhalidwe awo anali ndithu wosazindikira ndi opanda ungwiro, koma iwo anaika maziko a kalembedwe latsopano lomwe kenako anasamukira ku mabuku akale.

Choncho, m'zaka za m'ma 12 pang'onopang'ono anayamba yokhotakhota njira wowerengeka nyimbo ndi chikhalidwe chakale.

ndi ntchito fanizo, achipongwe ndi mafanizo a kufanana maganizo otani?

Choyamba, tiyeni tinene kuti popanda mafanizo ndi achipongwe sakanakhala ndi concurrency kwambiri chifukwa njira imeneyi ndi kwathunthu amadalira pa iwo.

njira onse ntchito kunyamula limasonyeza chinthu wina ndi mzake. Ndipotu kale kuti ntchito zawo Tingaone kuti popanda sikutheka kuyerekeza chikhalidwe cha munthu wokhalapo. chilankhulo zophiphiritsira chabe - chida chachikulu cha wolemba polenga kufanana. Ndipo ngati tikukamba za ntchito za tropes izi, ali mawu enieni mu makhalidwe kulanda.

Zikhulupiriro Basic (maganizo kufanana) amagwirizana ndi zafotokozedwa, n'zosadabwitsa kuti chofunika kwambiri pakati pawo ndi mafanizo ndi adjectives. Mwachitsanzo, kutenga epithet "dzuwa linali litalowa," ndi kuupanga alipo. Tidzakhala monga dzuwa linali litalowa, ndipo mapeto a moyo kabawi bwino. Ndiko kuti, kutha kwa dzuwa poyerekeza ndi kutha kwa moyo wa mnyamatayo.

Psychological kufanana ndi "Lay"

A chitsanzo chabwino cha zipangizo otchuka stylistic atha kutumikira ngati "Mau", chifukwa yokha gawo la folklore ndi. Mwachitsanzo, kutenga waukulu khalidwe Yaroslavna, chifukwa chifaniziro chake amagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe ndipo nthawi zambiri akuwafanizira. Tengani yomwe akutchulidwa kulira heroine. Tsiku lina anali "pa chiyambi cha kopanda mpopi kuvina akuitana" - kufanana pakati Yaroslavna ndi nkhuku.

Ndiye mukhoza kukumbukira fanizo la owerenga ndi. zala zake, amene anali pa zingwe, poyerekeza ndi chiwombankhanga khumi, nkhunda kumasulidwa.

Ndipo chitsanzo china: Galic mthunzi kwa Don amatchedwa "osati chiwombankhanga mkuntho nao pakati pa minda ya lonse." Apa tikuona chitsanzo cha kufanana negative.