Kufufuza kwa "Mizimu Yakufa". Kufufuza ntchito "Mizimu Yakufa" ndi Gogol

"Akufa" - ntchito yaikulu ya Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol osati pokhapokha ponena za kukula kwake kwazithunzi zamakono. Kwa wolemba uyu amagwira ntchito payekha wakhala ndondomeko yayitali yaitali yolemba ndi kudzidziwitsa yekha. Kufufuza kwa "Mizimu Yakufa" kudzafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.

Gogol adanena kuti buku loyambirira la bukuli likufotokoza kuti nkhani yaikulu ya ntchito yake sikuti ali ndi eni eni eni eni eni koma osati "chibvumbulutso", zomwe zidzidzidzidzidzimutsa kwa owerenga m'mabuku otsatirawa.

"Choyamba choyamba" cha kukongola kwakukulu

Kufufuza kwa mtundu, kusintha kwa mapangidwe, kugwira ntchito pamabuku awiri oyambirira, komanso kulingalira kwachitatu, ndi zidutswa za "zomangamanga" zomwe Nikolai Vasilievich anachita pokhapokha. Pofufuza "Mizimu Yakufa", ziyenera kumveka kuti buku loyambirira ndilo gawo lomwe ndime zonse zafotokozedwa. Izi "zoyambira" za ntchito, mwa tanthauzo la wolemba. Sikolai Vasilyevich sanamuyerekezere n'komwe ndi khonde lokhala ndi "nyumba" ya womanga nyumba.

Kodi lingaliro la ntchitoyi linayamba bwanji?

Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chiwembu, chiyambi cha mtunduwu zimagwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka ndi kukula kwa chiyambi cha "Mizimu Yakufa." Pushkin imayambira pachiyambi cha ntchitoyo. Monga Nikolai Vasilyevich adanena, wolemba ndakatuloyu anamuuza kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito yaikulu ndipo adafotokozeranso chiwembu chomwe iye mwiniwakeyo anafuna kupanga "chinachake ngati ndakatulo." Komabe, si nkhani yeniyeni yokha monga "lingaliro" lomwe liri mmenemo linali "chizindikiritso" cha Pushkin kwa Gogol. Wolemba ndakatuloyi adadziwidwa bwino ndi nkhani zenizeni, zomwe zimayesedwa ndi zida zotchedwa "miyoyo yakufa". Pa zaka zachinyamata za Gogol ku Mirgorod, chimodzi mwa zinthu zoterozo chinachitika.

"Akufa" ku Russia kuyambira nthawi ya Gogol

"Mizimu Yakufa" - Aserafe omwe adamwalira, koma anapitiriza kukhala ndi moyo mpaka "yowonjezeredwa". Pambuyo pake, iwo adaonedwa ngati akufa. Pambuyo pa "ndondomeko yowonongeka" yomwe eni nyumbayo anasiya kulipira msonkho kwa iwo-msonkho wapadera. Anthu osauka omwe anali pamapepala akhoza kulonjezedwa, kuperekedwa kapena kugulitsidwa, kuposa momwe anthu ena ankagwiritsira ntchito poyesa, kuyesa eni eni eni osati kungochotsa antchito omwe sanabweretse phindu, komanso kupeza ndalama kwa iwo.

Wogula "miyoyo yakufa" panthaŵi imodzimodziyo anakhala mwini wa malo enieni. Kuyambira kwa protagonist ya ntchitoyi, Chichikov, ndi zotsatira za "lingaliro lolimbikitsa" lomwe linamuphimba iye, - bungwe loyang'anira lidzapereka ma ruble 200 pa serf iliyonse.

Buku lachidziwitso ndi lojambula

Maziko a buku lotchedwa aventures-picaresque romero adapereka "anecdote" ndi "miyoyo yakufa". Buku la mtundu uwu nthawizonse linali lotchuka kwambiri, chifukwa linali losangalatsa kwambiri. Okalamba a Gogol analenga ntchito mu mtundu uwu (VT Narezhny, FV Bulgarin, ndi ena). Mabuku awo, ngakhale kuti anali ochepera kwambiri, anali opambana kwambiri.

Kusinthidwa kwa mtundu wa buku lojambula lodziwika bwino pa ntchito

Mtundu wa ntchito yomwe timachita chidwi ndi buku lodziwika bwino komanso lojambula, monga momwe kufufuza kwa Mizimu Yakufa imasonyezera. Komabe, izo zinasintha kwambiri pa ntchito ya wolemba pa chilengedwe ichi. Izi zikuwonetseredwa, mwachitsanzo, ndizolemba za mlembi "ndakatulo", yomwe inawonekera pambuyo pa ndondomeko yeniyeni ndipo lingaliro lalikulu linakonzedwanso ndi Gogol (Miyoyo Yakufa).

Kuwunika kwa ntchitoyi kumasonyeza zinthu zotsatirazi zosangalatsa. "Russia yonse idzawonekera mmenemo" - Gogol, zomwe sizinangoganizira za kukula kwa "Miyoyo Yakufa" poyerekezera ndi chikhumbo choyambirira "kusonyeza Russia kumbali imodzi", komanso kutanthauzira kwakukulu kwa mtundu wa mtundu umene wasankhidwa kale. Nikolai Vasilievich anali pafupi ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino komanso chojambula, chifukwa sakanatha kupeza chuma cha dongosolo latsopanoli. Njira imodzi yokha ya masomphenya a ku Russia ili ndi Chichikov's Odyssey.

Buku lodziwika bwino, lomwe linatayika kutanthawuza kwake mu Miyoyo Yakufa, idakhalabe nthawi imodzimodziyo chipolopolo cha mtundu wa chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha nthano.

Mbali za chithunzi Chichikov

Imodzi mwa njira zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mtundu uwu ndi chinsinsi cha chiyambi cha msilikali. Mwini wamkuluyo anali m'mitu yoyamba kaya munthu wochokera kwa anthu wamba kapena woyambitsa, ndipo pamapeto pa ntchito, atagonjetsa zopinga za moyo, adangokhala mwana wa makolo olemera, adalandira cholowa. Resolly anakana Nikolay Vasilyevich kuchokera ku template.

Pofufuza polemba ndakatulo "Dead Souls", m'pofunika kuzindikira kuti Chichikov ndi munthu wa "pakati". Wolembayo mwiniyo akunena za iye kuti "sali woyipa maonekedwe", koma osati okongola, osati ochepa kwambiri, koma osati olemera kwambiri, osati okalamba kwambiri komanso osakhala aang'ono kwambiri. Kuchokera kwa wowerenga ndizobisika nkhani ya moyo wa wokonda uyu mpaka chaputala chomaliza, cha khumi ndi chimodzi. Mwa ichi mudzawona mwa kuwerenga mosamala "Akufa". Kuwerenga mituyi kumasonyeza kuti wolembayo akufotokozera nkhaniyi pa khumi ndi chimodzi. Atasankha kuchita izi, Gogol akuyamba mwa kutsindika "zonyansa," zenizeni za msilikali wake. Iye amalemba kuti chiyambi chake "chodzichepetsa" ndi "mdima". Nikolai Vasilyevich amatsutsanso kutanthauzira khalidwe lake (osati chiwongoladzanja, koma osati msilikali), koma amaima pa khalidwe lalikulu la Chichikov - "wopeza", "mbuye".

Chichikov ndi munthu "wamba"

Mwachidziwitso ichi, palibe chinthu chachilendo - ichi ndi chomwe chimatchedwa "munthu", momwe Gogol analimbitsira mzere, womwe ndi khalidwe la anthu ambiri. Nikolai Vasilievich akuwona kuti m'malo mwake ali ndi chilakolako chofuna kupeza phindu, kufunafuna moyo wabwino ndi wokongola, kuwonetsa "umphaŵi waumunthu", umphaŵi wa zolinga za moyo ndi zofuna zauzimu - anthu onse omwe amadzibisa mosamala kwambiri. Kuwunika kwa "Mizimu Yakufa" kumasonyeza kuti Gogol anafunikira zojambula za msilikali osati zambiri kuti awulule "chinsinsi" cha moyo wake kumapeto kwa ntchitoyo, ndi angati akukumbutsa owerenga kuti uyu si munthu wapadera, koma wamba wamba. Aliyense akhoza kupeza mwa iye mwini "gawo la Chichikov."

Zithunzi "zabwino" za ntchitoyi

Muzojambula zosangalatsa komanso zojambula bwino, chikhalidwe chachikhalidwe cha "kasupe" ndi kuzunzidwa kwa anthu owopsa, odyera komanso owopsa a protagonist. Polimbana ndi ufulu wawo, zovuta zawo pachikhalidwe chawo zimawoneka ngati "chitsanzo chabwino". Monga lamulo, iye anathandizidwa ndi anthu achifundo ndi okoma mtima amene adafotokoza momveka bwino zolemba za wolemba.

Komabe, Chichikov mu buku loyambirira la ntchito palibe amene amatsatira. Komanso m'bukuli mulibe anthu omwe angathe kutsata malingaliro a wolembawo. Pamene tikufufuza ntchito zakufa, timatha kuona kuti mu buku lachiwiri palinso magulu othandiza: mwini nyumba mwini Kostanzhoglo, mlimi Murazov, bwanamkubwa yemwe sagwira ntchito molakwika ndi akuluakulu osiyanasiyana. Koma izi, zachilendo kwa Nikolai Vasilyevich, ali kutali kwambiri ndi zolemba.

Kodi ndizochita zotani Nikolai Vasilyevich choyamba?

Zopeka, zojambula zinali zolemba za ntchito zambiri zolembedwa m'mabuku osiyana-siyana. Kulimbikitsidwa kunali pazinthu, "zovuta" za maimboni. Ndipo Nikolai Vasilievich sakondwera ndi zochitika za protagonist mwa iwo wokha, osati mu "zotsatira" zawo (Chichikov potsiriza adakhala ndi chikhalidwe chofanana mwachinyengo), komabe makhalidwe awo ndi chikhalidwe chawo, zomwe zinapangitsa wolemba kupanga chinyengo "galasi" akuwonetsera Russia wamakono Mu ntchito "Mizimu Yakufa". Kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti ili ndi dziko la eni nyumba omwe amagulitsa "mpweya" (ndiko kuti, alimi wakufa), komanso akuluakulu omwe amapereka thandizo kwa wotsutsa, mmalo mom'letsa. Chiwembu cha ntchitoyi chiri ndi mphamvu zowoneka bwino - zigawo zosiyana za matanthawuzo ena, zophiphiritsira ndi mafilosofi, zimapangidwira pa maziko ake enieni. Ndizosangalatsa kufufuza eni nyumba ("Mizimu Yakufa"). Mmodzi mwa anthu asanuwa ali owonetsetsa kwambiri - m'maganizo awo, Nikolai Vasilievich amagwiritsa ntchito zovutazo.

Kuthetsa kayendetsedwe kake

Ntchito ya Gogol imachepetseratu, chochitika chilichonse chimaphatikizapo tsatanetsatane wa zochitika zapamwamba zomwe amphona amakhala, komanso mawonekedwe awo, ndi zifukwa zokhudzana ndi makhalidwe awo. Sikuti zokhazokha, koma komanso tanthauzo, zimataya chiwembu chodziwika bwino komanso chojambula. Chochitika chirichonse cha ntchito chimayambitsa "zovuta" za zolemba ndi zolemba, zolemba, mfundo. Zochitika za kalata, zosiyana ndi zofunikira za mtundu uwu, pafupifupi zimatha m'machaputala omaliza. Izi zikhoza kuwonetsedwa mwa kudzipenda mwachindunji polemba ndakatulo ya Gogol "Mizimu Yakufa." Kuti chitukuko chichitike, zochitika ziwiri zokha zochitika zonse zomwe zikuchitika kuyambira chachisanu ndi chiwiri mpaka mutu wa khumi ndi chimodzi. Uwu ndiwo kuchoka mumzinda wa Chichikov ndi mapangidwe a ntchitoyi.

Kufuna owerenga

Nikolai Vasilievich kwa owerenga amafunikanso kwambiri - amafuna kuti iwo aloŵe m'kati mwachinthuchi, osasunthika pamwamba pawo, amalingalira tanthauzo la ntchito yakufa. Iyenera kupenda mosamala kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuwona kupyolera pa "cholinga" kapena tanthauzo lodziwika la mawu a wolemba, koma tanthawuzo lofunika kwambiri ndi lophiphiritsira. Monga momwe kulili kofunikira, monga Pushkin mu "Eugene Onegin," kulumikizanitsa kwa owerenga kwa wolemba wa "Mizimu Yakufa." Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti zojambula zogwiritsidwa ntchito pa Gogol sizinalengedwe ndi zomwe zikufotokozedwa, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa, koma momwe zimakhalira. Mudzakhala otsimikiza izi, podziwa nthawi yomweyo ntchito "Dead Soul". Mawu ndi chida chodziwika, chomwe Gogol anachidziwa mwangwiro.

Nikolai Vasilievich anagogomezera kuti wolembayo, akulankhula ndi anthu, ayenera kuganizira za mantha ndi kusatetezeka kumene amakhala mwa anthu omwe amachita zoipa. Ndipo kuvomereza, ndi chitonzo chiyenera kukhala ndi mawu akuti "wolemba ndakatulo." Kukambitsirana za chikhalidwe chachiwiri cha chodabwitsa cha moyo ndi mutu wokondedwa wa wolemba wa ntchito yomwe amatikonda.

Uku ndiko kufufuza kochepa ("Akufa"). Ponena za ntchito ya Gogol munganene zambiri. Tapatula mfundo zazikulu zokha. Ndifunanso kuganizira zojambula za eni nyumba komanso wolemba. Inu mukhoza kuchita izi nokha, kuchokera pa kusanthula kwathu.