Alexey Karamazov, khalidwe la buku la Fyodor Dostoevsky The Brothers Karamazov: Zizindikiro

Alexey Karamazov ndi mkhalidwe wapamwamba wa buku lolembedwa ndi F. M. Dostoyevsky "Abale Karamazov". Mnyamata uyu sakuwoneka kuti ndiwe wamkulu, chifukwa zochitika zazikulu zimagwirizana ndi mchimwene wake wamkulu, koma izi ndizoyamba. Kuyambira pachiyambi, wolembayo wapanga Alyosha tsogolo labwino. Mwamwayi, wowerenga amayenera kuphunzira za iye kuchokera pakupitiriza kwa bukuli, koma gawo lachiwiri silinalembedwe chifukwa cha imfa ya wosalembayo mosayembekezera.

Pang'ono pokhudza ntchito

"Abale Karamazov" amaonedwa kuti ndiwo apamwamba kwambiri a luso la kulemba Dostoevsky. Tikhoza kunena kuti wolemba adapita kukalemba ntchitoyi moyo wake wonse. Kulengedwa kwa mbambande kunatenga zaka ziwiri, ntchitoyo inatsirizidwa mu 1980.

Bukuli limakhudza kwambiri nkhani - makhalidwe, ufulu, chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu, chikhalidwe cha umunthu. Dostoevsky anadzutsa mafunso onsewa m'maganizo ake, koma sanawoneke kwambiri.

Alexey Karamazov si wongopeka chabe, ndi khalidwe lokongola kwambiri lomwe analota moyo wake wonse kuti apange wolemba. Fyodor Mikhailovich anatenga mimba kuti asonyeze mapangidwe ake. Ndipo mu gawo loyamba la Abale Karamazov ali pachiyambi cha ulendo wake, palibe chomwe chinawonapobe, sadakwaniritse ungwiro wauzimu, koma anangoyamba njira yake. Koma gawo lachiwiri la bukuli silinali loyenera kuwonekera.

Chitsanzo

Alexey Karamazov anali ndi chithunzi chenichenicho. Uyu ndiye mwana wamng'ono wa wolemba, dzina lake la msilikali, yemwe anamwalira ali ndi zaka khumi kuchokera ku khunyu, yomwe inaperekedwa kwa iye kuchokera kwa abambo ake.

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, wolemba mabuku wina dzina lake L. Grossman ankaganiza kuti munthu uyu akubwerera kwa wolimba mtima wa mbiri yakale ya George Sand, dzina lake Spyridon, yemwe anali monki ndipo ankatchedwa Alexei. Pakati pa anthu enieni amasonyezanso Alexei Khrapovitsky, yemwe adakhala mzinda waukulu.

Moyo wa munthu wankhanza usanayambe bukuli

Kotero, ngati Karamazov Alexei Fyodorovich akutchulidwa kuti ndi khalidwe lalikulu, ndiye chifukwa chiyani sakufanana naye? Wolemba mwiniyo amayankha funso ili m'mawu oyamba, akunena kuti Alexei adakali "wopanda pake". Udindo wake udzawonekera ndi mphamvu zonse mu gawo lachiwiri la bukuli, lomwe lidzakhala loyamba. Choncho, khalidweli linakhalabe losatha.

Koma kubwerera ku chiyambi cha msilikali wathu. Iye ndi wamng'ono kwambiri pa Karamazovs atatu ndipo ndi m'bale wa Ivan wa theka. Mayi ake, Sofya Ivanovna, anali "wofatsa" wachipembedzo. Zinachokera kwa iye kuti mnyamatayo adzalandira chipembedzo. Chinthu chimodzi kuyambira ali mwana adakumbukira bwino munthu wolemba mabuku wa FM Dostoevsky. Kunali madzulo madzulo a chilimwe, kuwala kwa dzuwa kudutsa pakhomo lotseguka kupita kuchipinda. Mu ngodya panali chithunzi ndi nyali yonyezimira, yomwe mayi akulira anali pa maondo ake. Amagwira Alyosha wamng'ono m'mikono mwake ndi pemphero ndikumuika pamaso pa amayi a Mulungu. Mu zochitika izi pali sacral yopindulitsa. Sofya Ivanovna amapereka mwana wake motetezedwa ndi amayi a Mulungu. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, adakhala woyambitsa, pansi pa madalitso apamwamba.

Maphunziro ake anachitidwa ndi alendo, chifukwa amayi ake anamwalira molawirira. Alyosha sanathe kumaliza masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndipo anabwerera kumudzi kwawo kuti akapeze manda a mayi ake. Mwamuna wachikulire Karamazov anadabwa kwambiri chifukwa chake mwana wake wamng'ono kwambiri anaonekera m'nyumba mwake. Fyodor Pavlovitch nthawi zambiri ankamuchitira Alyosha mwachindunji, ndikumusankha pakati pa ana ake.

Titangobwerera kwathu, wolimba mtima adapita ku nyumba ya amonke monga mphunzitsi kwa mkulu Zosima, yemwe ankadziwika kuti ndi wamisala komanso wodwala.

Maonekedwe

Pambuyo pazochitika zakale, zikhoza kuwoneka ngati wotentheka ndi wotchuka Alexey Karamazov. Kufotokozera maonekedwe, komabe, amalankhula za chinthu china. Dostoevsky amapereka modzidzimutsa wokondedwa wake wathanzi, kotero kuti wowerenga alibe lingaliro lolakwika. Alexei ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi Prince Myshkin, yemwe nthawi zambiri amamuyerekezera ndi owerenga ndi otsutsa.

Karamazov, wamkulu, amasiyana ndi thanzi labwino ndi lauzimu: "wokongola, wofiira, wofiira ndi wathanzi, wokhala ndi maso owala ... ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi." Mnyamatayo ndi wokongola kwambiri, wokhala pakati, wamphongo, ndi tsitsi lakuda, mdima wonyezimira, nkhope zonse. Kawirikawiri iye amakhoza kuwona za chinachake choganiza.

Alexey Karamazov kuchokera ku ntchito "The Brothers Karamazov" ali ndi mphatso yapadera - iye amatha mosavuta anthu. Mnyamatayo ndi waubwenzi, wokoma mtima ndi onse, samakumbukira zolakwira, sali wamyera, woyeretsa komanso wamanyazi. Ngakhale kuti pakuchitika zochitika zazikulu samatenga mbali yogwira ntchito, fano lake limayang'ana motsutsana ndi mbiri ya anthu ena.

Alexey Karamazov: Zizindikiro

Alyosha ndiye msilikali wabwino watsopano wa Dostoevsky. Zisanachitike, wolemba anasankha odwala ndi odwala. Ku Karamazov, komabe, palibe chizindikiro cha matenda. Uwu ndiye mphamvu yake. Iye ali wangwiro mwauzimu ndi mwathupi. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo ali weniweni, ataima pansi, ali ndi mphamvu ya Karamazov. Ndipo ngati icho chimawononga abale ake ndi abambo, ndiye hero yathu imagwiritsa ntchito izo mwabwino basi.

Alexey Karamazov ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe. M'bukuli, amachitapo kanthu monga wothandizira, amakhulupirira ena achimuna, ndipo samanyenga zomwe akuyembekezera. Apa ndi momwe mlembi amalembera za izi: "Nthawi zonse ndinkangokhalira kugwira ntchito ... Sindinkakonda kukonda ... Ndinayamba kukondana ndikuyamba kuthandiza." Mmenemo iye sali wofanana ndi amphona akale a Dostoevsky, omwe anali olota, ankafuna kuchita, koma sakanakhoza.

Monk

Chithunzi cha Alesha Karamazov chikugwirizanitsidwa ndi mtundu watsopano wa uzimu wauzimu m'zaka za m'ma 1800 - utumiki wapamwamba padziko lonse lapansi. Pachifukwa ichi, munthu amayamba kukhala wopembedza, koma m'malo mokhala m'nyumba ya amonke, amasiya ndikukhala pakati pa anthu wamba. Njira iyi kwa munthu wamantha asanafe imaneneratu Zosima: "Iye akubwera kuchokera ku makoma awa ... m'dziko lapansi lidzakhala ngati monki ...". Komanso, mkuluyo adaneneratu mayesero ndi zovuta zambiri za Alyosha panjira, koma adzamubweretsa chimwemwe ndikumuuza zomwe ziri zofunika kwambiri pamoyo. Ichi chinali chokonzekera chotere cha Dostoevsky, koma chinali choti chidziwike mu gawo lachiwiri la bukuli. Zoyamba zoyamba monga chiyambi.

Ubale wa Alyosha ndi abale ake

Abale a Karamazov ndi osiyana kwambiri, koma ali ndi zofanana. Ichi ndi mphamvu yodabwitsa yomwe imabwera kuchokera kudziko lapansi ndikuyikakamiza kukhala osayeserera. Koposa zonse zimachokera ku Dmitry, choncho amatsutsana ndi abambo ake. Ku Ivan, kumaonekera mwa njira ina - m'maganizo ake osakhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu. Alexei yekha amatha kuthana nazo ndi kutumiza ku njira yamtendere.

Dmitry, monga Fedor Pavlovich, amachititsa kuti apambane nawo, koma akukumana ndi Ivan. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi chikhulupiriro, ndipo m'magazini ino sitingathe kuziletsa. Abale ali ndi njira yosiyana yozindikira za dziko lapansi. Alyosha, chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro chake mwa Mulungu, amakonda anthu onse komanso zowona. Ivan poyamba ayenera kumvetsa ndi kumvetsa. Sangathe kutenga kanthu kalikonse, akufunikira kupereka umboni. Apa mlembi akuwonetsa kutsutsana kwa chifukwa chozizira ndi chikondi chachikristu.

Koma Alexei alibe mphamvu zokwanira. Dostoevsky nthawi zonse ankayandikira mozama za malingaliro a anthu ake, ndipo abale Karamazov sanali osiyana. Dmitry, Alexei ndi Ivan akukumana nawo pamoyo wawo ndi mayesero auzimu. Wachinyamatayo amakayikira chilungamo chapamwamba. Izi zimachitika pambuyo pa imfa ya Zosima. Aliyense anali kuyembekezera kuti thupi la munthu wakale silingakhale ndi chiphuphu, kotero chozizwitsa chikanawululidwa. Koma izi sizinachitike. Alexei akuyamba kukayikira zomwe Zosima anamuuza. Wopambana sadziwa, kusandulika kwa chilengedwe ndi chiweruzo choposa? Amayamba kuganiza kuti Ivan angakhale wolondola m'mawu ake. Wopambana amayamba kumva ubwenzi wapamtima ndi mbale wake-kulibe Mulungu. Nthawi zambiri amakumbukira zokambirana zawo.

Komabe, kupanduka kwa Alyosha, monga Ivan, kumatha. Ndipo ngati mkulu Karamazov akukana Mulungu ndipo wachita misala, ndiye kuti wamng'onoyo akubwera masomphenya a chiukitsiro.

Grushenka

Chithunzi cha Alesha Karamazov chikugwirizana ndi Grushenka, chomwe chinayambitsa mkangano pakati pa Dmitry ndi bambo ake. Kwa msilikali wathu wathu amangochitika mwadzidzidzi - imabweretsa Rakitin, woimiridwa ndi Dostoyevsky, Mephistopheles weniweni.

Alexey atangoona mtsikanayo, Karamazov adadzuka mwa iye. Grushenka amachititsa chidwi chake, atakhala pansi pa mawondo ake ndikupereka chiphalala. Koma kukongola kukangomva za imfa ya Zosima, pomwepo anasintha. Grushenka akudumpha kuchokera pamaondo ake a Alyosha ndikuwopa ndikuyamba kubatizidwa. Panthawi imeneyi, msilikali amawona chowonadi cha mtsikanayo. Akudandaula, akumuuza kuti: "Ndapeza chuma - moyo wachikondi." Chifundo cha Grushenka chinathandiza moyo wa Alexei kuti achiritsidwe. Ndipo chifundo chake kwa iye, chinamuthandiza mtsikanayo. Kotero heroine amalankhula za Karamazov, wamng'ono: "Anandiganizira ine ... Ndinadandaula ndi woyamba ... moyo wanga wonse monga momwe mumayembekezera ... zomwe zingandichitire chifundo."

Podzudzula, nkhani ya msonkhano wawo ikuwonedwa ngati kupusitsa kwachinyengo kwa mkwati ndi mkwati. Apa Dostoevsky akuwonetsa chigonjetso cha kutsitsimutsa chikondi chauzimu kwambiri pa kudzikuza, kumverera kwadziko lapansi. Miyoyo yamagulu ikuzindikira mgwirizano wawo ndi chiyanjano. Iwo amaimba mlandu wina ndi mnzake - "aliyense ali ndi mlandu pa zonse." Ndi tchimo lomwe limagwirizanitsa anthu, kupanga dziko lonse abale ndi alongo.

Pambuyo pake, Grushenka amakhala wokonzeka kugawana ndi Mitya kuwombola kwake, ndipo Alexey amatsegula masomphenya osamvetsetseka.

Msonkhano ndi msungwana uyu umangosintha maganizo a Karamazov, Jr .. Chiwonetsero chonse mwa iye chimawoneka, iye sichiimba mlandu mphamvu zoposa chirichonse ndipo safuna yankho. Atasiya nyumba ya Grushenka, mnyamatayo akubwerera modzichepetsa ku nyumba ya amonke, komwe akuima pamanda a munthu wachikulire ndikuyamba kupemphera.

The Insight of The Soul's Soul

Momwe mwamsanga Alyosha adatha kumvetsetsa kuti msungwanayo ndi ndani, yemwe ankaonedwa kuti ndi woipa woipa, kufanana kwa msilikali ndi Myshkin, yemwe anawatsogolera kale, akhoza kutengedwa. Kalonga anali ndi kamodzi kokha pa Nastasya Filippovna kuti amvetse mavuto ake.

Dostoevsky sikuti amangokhalira kuwerengera anthu ake omwe ali ndi mphatso yopenya mizimu yaumunthu. Nkhaniyi imauza owerenga kuti anthuwa akhoza kuona choonadi pamene palibe amene angachizindikire. Chifukwa cha chipembedzo chawo - safuna umboni kuti adziwe choonadi, chomwe chiri chakuti Mulungu alipo.

Monologues wa Alyosha mu The Brothers Karamazov

Monga tadziwira, Alexei ndiye msilikali wamkulu pakati pa bukuli, choncho zolankhula zake zonse ndi zotsutsana ndizofunikira kwambiri kumvetsa cholinga cha Dostoevsky. Chikhalidwecho chimapereka chidwi kwambiri ku mafunso a chikhulupiriro ndi malingaliro a moyo ndi mtendere. Chinthu chachikulu kwa iye ndi chikondi: "Zonsezi ziyenera kukhala choyamba pa moyo wachikondi ... kukonda ndi kulingalira koyamba." Mawu awa amalankhula pa mkangano ndi Ivan. Pankhaniyi, timatanthauza chikondi cha uzimu, chapamwamba, osati chakuthupi.

Chilankhulo china chodziwikanso chokhudza ana, momwe akunena kuti izi ndi zolengedwa zoyera komanso zopanda chilungamo. Sizodziwika kuti msilikaliyo amasinthasintha kwambiri ndi ana a sukulu.

Alexey ndi mwiniwake wa Dostoevsky mwiniwake, kulengeza mfundo ndi zolinga za wolemba.

Umboni Wauzimu

"Abale Karamazov" adatengedwa kuti afotokoze za kukhala kwauzimu kwa Alexei. Kotero, gawo lowala kwambiri la bukuli ndi kuunikira kwa msilikali. Izi zimachitika pamene masomphenya aumulungu amatsikira pa iye.

Pambuyo pake, amachoka m'chipinda chake, nagwa pansi ndikupsompsonona. Panthawi imeneyo adamva "ulusi wa milungu yonse ya padziko lapansi inasonkhana pamodzi mu moyo wake," adafuna kukhululukira aliyense ndikupempha chikhululuko. Alexei amamvetsa "mgwirizano wa dziko lonse", kumene amphona onse a Dostoevsky amafunitsitsa. Wolembayo amamutcha kuti "Adamu watsopano," yemwe, akulira ndi kulira, ampsompsona Amayi Earth, atayipitsidwa ndi kugwa kwake.

Mphamvu ya Karamazov ya Alyosha imasandulika kukhala Mulungu. Apeza yankho la funso lakuti "Ndingakhululukire bwanji imfa ya mwana", yomwe Ivan anazunza kwambiri. Chilichonse chiri chophweka - aliyense adzakhululukidwa mu dziko langwiro.

Chinthu chatsopano chachinsinsi sichimasintha kokha msilikali, komanso dziko lozungulira. Mu bukhuli, timatha kuona chiyambi cha izi - Alexey anakhazikitsa "ubale wa anthu onse" pamanda a Ilyusha, omwe amaphatikizapo ana okha. Mosiyana ndi zikhalidwe za anthu, mudzi watsopano umamangidwa pa chikondi ndi ufulu waumwini. Chikondi chenicheni cha mnyamata wakufayo chinagwirizanitsa abwenzi ake ndipo adayika maziko a ubale wao.

Bukuli, ngakhale kuti Dmitry akuimbidwa mlandu woupha bambo ake, amathera ndi chigonjetso cha chikhulupiriro cha chiukitsiro.

Pang'ono ponena za anthu ena

Monga gawo loyamba la lingaliro lozungulira la Dostoevsky "Abale Karamazov." Anthu otchulidwa m'nkhaniyi adayenera kudutsa muyeso wa ungwiro kapena kuwonongeka kwauzimu. Mlembi amatiwonetsa chitsitsimutso cha Grushinka ndi Aleksey, monga momwe tikuonera Ivan akuwonongeka ndikusankha njira yodzipha Smerdyakov. Koma tsogolo la Dmitry silikuwonekera bwinobwino. Mlembi amamupatsa chiyembekezo cha kusinthika - catharsis wake adzayenera kukhala ndi moyo mu chilango.

Chotsatira cha Alexei, Mitya ndi Grusha chimaonekera kwa owerenga, tsogolo la Ivan lokha limabisika. Kotero izo sizinadziwike, kaya Dostoevsky ankafuna kuti apereke mphavu yake mwayi wachiwiri kapena kuti amuwononge iye kuti adziwononge yekha.

Chimene chimayembekezera Alexei m'gawo lachiwiri

Pomalizira, tiyeni tiyankhule za tsogolo la munthu wamkulu. Buku lachiŵiri linali kuyamba pa nthawi imene Alexei anali ndi zaka 33. Chiwerengerochi chimatitsimikizira kuti Karamazov, wamng'ono kwambiri, ali ngati Khristu. Ngati mumagwirizanitsa moyo wa msilikali ndi zochitika za evangeli, ndiye kufotokoza kwa unyamata wake kungathe kugwirizana ndi chiyeso cha chikhulupiriro.

AS Suvorin, bwenzi la wolemba, m'maganizo ake anati Dostoevsky anakonza kupha Alesha. Kufunafuna choonadi kunali kubweretsedwera ku chikho cha msilikali. Komabe, osati otsutsa onse omwe amavomereza ndi izi ndipo amakhulupirira kuti mawu ambiri a wolembawo samaphatikiza zotsiriza zoterozo. Otsutsa mabuku kwa nthawi yaitali ankachita chithunzi cha Alyosha popanda kusamalidwa bwino, atatengedwa ndi anyamata otchuka monga Dmitri ndi Ivan.

Ngakhale zili choncho, mawu oyambirira a wolemba a bukuli aikidwa m'malo mwake ndipo amafotokoza momveka bwino Karamazov, Jr. monga munthu wapadera.