Wopereka ndi ndani? Yogwiritsa ntchito wakupha mu Ages Middle

Ulaya anachoka mu mbiri ya dziko la njira yaikulu magazi. Ndipo onse chifukwa cha kuphedwa m'masiku amenewo kuvala ndime ndi mapulogalamu zosangalatsa, choncho palibe mlungu umodzi chikupitirira popanda ichi "zosangalatsa". Kukhazikitsa kuphedwa Sakadawachita malo ngati osati alonda. Zinali iwo amene anachita wozunzikirapo, mutu ndipo adakonza guillotine. Koma ndi ndani wakupha: nkhanza ndiponso yankhanza muyaya atsoka womvetsa chisoni munthu?

maitanidwe pake

wakupha ankaona wantchito wa dongosolo milandu, udindo kugwira chilango ndipo chilango chachikulu ndi wolamulira wa dziko. Zingatanthauze kuti ntchito wakupha sikungakhoze kukhala wolemekezeka ndi tanthauzo limeneli, koma izo zinali zosiyana. Iye anali alibe ufulu wosintha mtundu wa ntchito kupita ku malo onse.

Iwo ankakhala kunja kwa mzinda, mu malo iwo anaikidwa m'ndende. ntchito zonse umakhala yekha kuyambira koyambirira mpaka kumapeto, ndiye anakonza zida zofunikira, ndipo pambuyo mlandu wake kuzikwirira mtembowo. ntchito zawo chofunika kudziwa bwino za thunthu.

Pali nthano, monga ngati iwo anali kuvala masks wakuda. Ndipotu, sanabise nkhope yake, ndipo anawapeza iwo kuti akhale pa mkanjo wakuda ndi musculature bwino anayamba. Nkhope yake sichinali chomveka, chifukwa aliyense akudziwa kale amene wakupha, ndi kumene akukhala. Anabisa nkhope zawo zokha pa kuphedwa kwa mfumu, kuti atumiki okhulupirika pambuyo osati ankalangidwa.

Malo mmadera

Nkhani paradoxical: nzika nsangala anaona ntchito ya wakupha, koma akumusamalira. Mwina anthu kuwachitira ulemu kwambiri, kaya ndi yabwino zinthu ndalama. Malipiro iwo analandira yaing'ono. Monga bonasi kwa anchito, inu mukhoza kutenga zinthu zonse anaphedwa. Nthaŵi zambiri moonlighting wotulutsa ziwanda. Mu Middle Ages anali otsimikiza kuti, kuzunza thupi lanu akhoza kutulutsa ziwanda linali m'manja mwa ozunza akatswiri.

Koma wakupha - kuti ntchito, ngati alibe mwayi yeniyeni. Iye akanakhoza mwamtheradi mfulu kutenga msika iyo imasowa. Mtundu uwu wa phindu ndi chifukwa chakuti palibe amene anafuna kutenga ndalama kunja kwa manja a munthu wakupha. Pa nthawi yomweyo boma anthu oterewa atha, choncho amalonda kutsatira lamulo limeneli.

Njira ina ndalama malonda awo anali achilendo gizmos. Ena mwa iwo thupi la anaphedwa amuna, khungu, magazi, zamdziko zosiyanasiyana. Asayansi ankakhulupirira kuti zosakaniza amenewa, inu mukhoza kulenga mankhwala ena apadera. Ogulira chingwe ndi zokoloweka, monga ena nthano, iye akhoza kubweretsa mwini wake zabwino zonse. Madokotala anagula thupi kwathunthu ndi ikuchitika pa iwo thupi la kafukufuku ndi munthu wa mkati. Magee anagula chigaza cha miyambo.

Ndani wakupha pa udindo wake akanakhoza kumvetsa, anadza mu mpingo. Monga Mkristu aliyense, iye anavomereza, koma anali kuima pakhomo ndi mgonero wotsiriza.

wamagazi mzera

Amene zikuchitikadi kuyamba kuchita ntchito imeneyi? Occupation wa wakupha mu Ages Middle akatengela - kuchokera mwana wamwamuna. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anapanga mabanja lonse. Pafupifupi anthu onse a alonda, kukhala m'dera lomwelo, zinali kugwirizana ndi mataye zimakhalira. Ndipotu, kwa munthu ameneyu sibwenzi anapatsidwa oimira wake wokondedwa wamkazi wa makalasi ena.

Low kunama udindo wa wakupha anatha kudetsa ndi pedigree banja la Mkwatibwi. akazi awo zinangokhala mwana wa yomweyo alonda, gravediggers, flayers kapena mahule.

Ankamutcha adzawononga "shlyuhinymi ana" ndipo iwo anali kulondola, chifukwa kawirikawiri anakhala akazi a opha nyama. Mu tsarist Russia achepetse wa alonda sichinapangidwe. Iwo anasankhidwa kuchokera zigawenga kale. Adagwirizanaso pa "zonyansa" ntchito potipatsa chakudya ndi zovala.

ovuta akhale mmisiri

Koyamba zingaoneke kuti ndi wokongola zosavuta ntchito. Ndipotu kumafuna nzeru ndi maphunziro akutulutsa n'kukudula mutu zigawenga. Pa ulendo woyamba anadula mutu wa nthawi yovuta, koma pamene wakupha anali kuchita ichi, ankaganiza kuti iye anali atafika mkulu mlingo wa luso.

Ndani wakupha ngati katswiri? Amene amamvetsetsa Kapangidwe ka thupi la munthu akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya zipangizo wozunzikirapo, ali okwanira mphamvu ntchito nkhwangwa ndi kukumba manda.

kutemberera wakupha

Anthu aenda ku nthano kuti inatembereredwa wakupha. Ndani ankadziwa, Ndinadziwa kuti chirichonse chochita ndi matsenga ndiponso zauzimu kulibe. Izi anali kugwirizana ndi mayang'anidwe a anthu pa miyoyo ya anthu nawo ntchito manyazi. Miyambo kukhala wakupha, kunali kosatheka kusiya ntchito imeneyi, ndipo ngati munthu anakana, iye anavomereza chigawenga ndi kuphedwa.

Kuti akhale torturer, ndi wakupha choyambiriracho, munthu anakakamizidwa kuchita moyo wanga wonse "zonyansa" ntchito. No ufulu. Moyo kutali ndi anthu, kulephera kusintha ntchito ndi kusankha ochepa a moyo okondedwa. Kwa zaka zambiri mu achepetse wa alonda anabadwa koposa latsopano ambanda cholowa.