Baltasar Gracian: aphorisms ndi yonena

Baltasar Gracian - wotchuka Spanish wolemba za m'ma 17. Iye bwinobwino ophatikizana zinthu zauzimu ndi zakuthupi - anali wansembe wachikatolika ndi nzeru zapamwamba pa nthawi yomweyo. cholowa anatisiyira buku zazikulu, omwe analipo ndi anthology mabuku Spanish ndi adakali ntchito tingachipeze powerenga za nthawi Baroque.

yonena

Malinga ndi mfundo zochepa, Baltasar Gracian anabadwa mu 1601 mu Belmonte, Spain. Iye anali mwana wa osauka dziko dokotala, ndipo kuyambira ndili wamng'ono anali tsoka mu sitolo za wansembe. Amadziwika kuti 1619, amalume ake anamuthandiza kulembetsa sukulu ya Ajezwiti wa Huesca ndi Calatayud. Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, Grasian Baltasar paokha kuphunzira malamulo ndiponso nzeru za m'mizinda ya Girona ndi Kallatayuda, mu 1623 iye anali mwayi kuti akhale ophunzira pa yunivesite ya Zaragoza, kumene anadzipereka kuphunzira zamulungu.

Titamaliza yunivesite, wolemba tsogolo anakhala mphunzitsi wa apamwamba ndi galamala ku koleji Kalalyutuda. Mu 1631 iye anadutsa maphunziro owonjezera kusukulu ya Ajezwiti, pamene akukonzekera alaliki ndi confessors.

chilengedwe zolembalemba

Mu 1636, Baltasar Gracian anayamba chigawo chatsopano cha moyo wake. Iye zogwirizana ndi kusuntha kwa mzinda wa Huesca, amene m'masiku amenewo anali yofunika chikhalidwe likulu la chigawo cha Aragon. kusuntha wakhala kugwirizana ndi kuikidwa watsopano - pakachisi m'dera Grasianu anali kukhala mlaliki. Ndi apa kuti anabadwa mwa maina atsopano m'munda wa chikhalidwe, mabuku ndi luso, ndipo kungakhale kuti mchikakamizo cha chikhalidwe Baltasar Gracian anaganiza kulemba woyamba ntchito yake zolembalemba.

Treatise "Hero"

buku lake loyamba Gracian amatchedwa "Hero". Izi ntchito mabuku linalembedwa mofulumira kwambiri, basi chaka atasamukira Huesca. thandizo lamtengo wapatali mu kulemba ndemanga tsogolo wolemba anali wolemera ndi wotchuka bwenzi, amene anali laibulale chabwino. "Hero" - chitsanzo chabwino cha akale didactic prose, amene, monga mwa kalilore, anasonyeza ulemu ndi makhalidwe abwino kuti akhale anthu ofuna kuti tipeze kuzindikira anzawo. Ndi ntchito Gracian chinayamba mutu wa nzeru abwino. lonena za linasindikizidwa pansi pa dzina la Lorenzo Gracian, amene anali msuweni Balthazar, chifukwa, mogwirizana ndi malamulo a Order, Ajezwiti analibe ufulu kufalitsa ntchito zawo zomwe akhala kudziletsa kufufuza.

"Pocket masomphenya"

Wafilosofi wotchuka anabweretsa deta yake ogwidwa ndi aphorisms, lotchedwa "Pocket masomphenya." Imakhala aphorisms Baltasar Gracian ndi Morales, amene kupereka mawonekedwe awo wowerenga zoseketsa kukhala anzeru ndi mtima. Mwachitsanzo, odziwika maxims Gracian monga:

• "Ngakhale mkango wakufa hares yamba";
• "A nthawi yabwino kutsogolera nthawi zambiri msewu";
• "Zotani posachedwa - posachedwa anawonongeka ';
• "Kodi si mosalekeza Island: zosangalatsa wosatha - kuti chifukwa cha kusokonezedwa";
• "Atalephera kupirira choncho - zochepa vuto kusiyana kuyambira pa nkhani zonse, chifukwa ndi zofunkha ataima madzi osati akuthamanga".

Yochepa chonchi moralizing nkhani m'buku ndithu kwambiri. Baltasar Gracian, amene mawu zinali wochangamuka ndiponso wochenjera, ali msanga kuzindikirike ndi otchuka. Against maziko a mabuku kuzimiririka zachipembedzo ndi mawu ake anali motero mpweya wa madzi amoyo, chosowacho maphunziro Spanish. Pocket masomphenya anali wotchuka kwambiri mu Spain ndi kunja - pa moyo wa Baltasar Gracian yaing'ono ntchito zolembalemba wakhala linamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri European.

Pamwamba pa talente

Ndipo iye Grasian Baltasar, ndi otsutsa wake zapamwamba kuti ntchito yaikulu ya buku wolemba uyu "Carper". Izo zikusonyeza Gracian masomphenya yekha ayenera kukhala m'dzikoli. Literature wa mapiko wakhala sizachilendo mu masiku amakedzana mochedwa, ndipo pano, mu zaka chikwi, Baltasar zobwerera ku mawonekedwe nthano. The zilembo zazikulu ankaimira chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe zizindikiro za kulingalira mosamala ndi mowiriza mtima. Kumapeto kwa nkhani amanena kuti chikhalidwe ndi opanda ungwiro, ndipo pamapeto pake chikhalidwe cha kupulumutsa dziko ndipo kumayambitsa chosafa. Pamene ntchito zake zina, buku limeneli kuti lalembedwa mu dzina la munthu wina.

Baltasar cholowa

The zaka khumi otsiriza a moyo wake zoyenera kulemba Gracian "Kritikona" ndi kukweza kwa ntchito, akulankhula za malo munthu mu moyo wamakono. ntchito wabweretsa wolemba yotchuka kwambiri ndi ulemu, komanso kwambiri mantha ndi Akatolika Order, amene kasamalidwe sanakhutire ndi ntchito mabuku a wansembe.

Kumapeto kwa moyo wake wansembe kulemba chinthu mmodzi, analemba dzina lake - Baltasar Gracian. Books lofalitsidwa kale, kale kudutsa dziko, koma ena atakwanitsa ndi olemba. Mu buku lake "Malingaliro za sakramentili kuti," wolemba pa maziko a maganizo pazifukwa za chipembedzo renounces ntchito zake zolembalemba. Izo ziyenera zachitidwa, kuyambira Order za chipiliro malangizo a Ajezwiti zinatha. Komabe, posakhalitsa pakubwera gawo lotsiriza la "Kritikona" Mosakayikira a cholembera cha Balthazar, ndi wolemba mlandu. Iye akapanda koyenera kulalikira ndi sochinitelstvovat, anatumizidwa ku tawuni akuzigawo kumene akukhala kuyang'aniridwa okhwima abale wachikatolika. Gracian moyo woterowo sakanakhoza kupulumuka - anafa December 6, 1658, pambuyo moyo Pasanathe chaka bwalo wachikatolika.