July mafumu: nyengo, makamaka zotsatira

Mu July 1830 panali zipolowe ku France zinachititsa kuti Kulandidwa kwa kazembe womaliza wa mzere mkulu wa Bourbon mafumu - Korol Karl X ndi kukwezeka mpando wachifumu msuwani wake Kalonga wa Orleans, Louis Philippe. Chifukwa, izo zakhala anamaliza ndi unakhazikitsidwa mu 1814 ndi boma la mphamvu kubwezeretsa Bourbons, amene anali kuyesera mwa kubwezeretsa kuti m'dziko ankakhalira pamaso pa 1789 utasintha. Kudza pambuyo nthawi mu mbiriyakale ya France anapita mu mbiri monga July mafumu.

Kodi anabweretsa dziko ulimi wina

Nthawi ya July mafumu, yodziwika ndi chakuti chifukwa cha kugalukira ndi linkadziwika Chachiwiri French kuukira boma, malamulo atsopano Analeredwa (kusinthidwa hayala), pa mlingo wokwererapo zipangitsa kugwilizana ndi ufulu zambiri mphamvu ya Malamulo.

The kalasi lalikulu akanali bourgeoisie chachikulu, ndi ngati asanayambe chinaperekedwa kusangalatsa anthu otchuka ang'onoang'ono, izo tsopano ngozi kwa iye anachokera pansipa - kuchokera bourgeoisie ndi zazing'ono popangidwa ndi nthawi ntchito kalasi. Monga nzika wamba mpata kuteteza ufulu wawo kudzera yamalamulo, akupitiriza kusokoneza kuthekera dongosolo unakhazikitsidwa mu dziko.

Kulimbana kwa magulu aphungu

Komabe, iwo sakunena za homogeneity wa zikuchokera kwa nyumba yamalamulo chosalanga ake. Features wa July ufumu Zoonadi mu kwambiri aggravation intraparliamentary kulimbana chifukwa cha kusiyana zipani zosiyanasiyana.

Chitsutso, mwachitsanzo sanakhutire ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution la kale mwa mawonekedwe kusinthidwa ndi kunafuna kuunikanso wathunthu. Cholinga chawo chachikulu chinali kukhazikitsa m'dziko la othandiza chilengedwe ndi patsogolo ufulu wa anthu.

Kufala kwa malingaliro zokomera

Mu chikhalidwe ichi cha pachimake kulimbana andale a July ufumu anakhala pansi lopatsa kufala kwa zosiyanasiyana chiphunzitso zokomera. Mu zaka 30 za m'ma XIX, izo chapeza ambiri kumbali chifukwa cha khama la anayambitsa sukulu lamadyerero zosatheka - n'kulemba Saint-Simoni. Iye ndi otsatira ake, lotchedwa sensimonistov anakamba pamtima anthu a France pambuyo chigonjetso yachiwiri kusintha ndi zaka anapeza ndithu kulemera ndale.

Komanso, kufalikira kwa maganizo ofanana ndi njira za ulimi chinathandiza kutchuka ntchito za Proudhon ndi L. Blanca. Chifukwa wa July ufumu mu France zambiri anagwedeza akuluakulu otchuka zipolowe anagwira osiyana zokomera khalidwe.

Ziwawa kuyamba wa 30s ndi

Iwo linaonekera akuchuluka zikuchepa mu November a yemweyo mu 1830, pamene yemwenso mtsogoleri wa boma, Jacques Lafitte anali kukonza mlandu wa atumiki akale nduna, anapanga mwamsanga ulamuliro wa kutsitsidwa Mfumu Charles X.

Folk khamu zokha amasonkhana mu masiku amenewo m'misewu ya Paris, udzafunidwa kwa iwo chilango cha imfa, ndi chigamulo m'ndende moyo anaiona wolekerera chiweruzo. Akuwuka mogwirizana ndi matenda ndayesera amapondereza Socialists, omwe cholinga chawo chinali kutsogolera dziko kuti zisinthe latsopano.

Awonjezedwa mafuta ndi moto, ndi othandiza kubwezeretsa ulamuliro wa akale ndi kulamulira zazing'ono ndi, Henry V, amene mtima antchito posachedwapa kutsitsidwa mfumu. Mu February 1831 iwo anapanga bungwe chionetsero, kuwapatsa iwo mtundu wa utumiki chikumbutso kwa wakufayo chaka chimodzi pamaso wolowa wina mpando wachifumu - Kalonga wa Berry. Komabe, zimenezi anabwera pa nthawi yolakwika, ndi makamu anakwiya ukali osati mpingo, komwe anagwira, koma nyumba ya Bishop.

Kugalukira ndi ulamuliro wa Louis Philippe

Pa 30 ntchentche wa July ufumu kuzandima angapo zipolowe otchuka. Yaikulu ya iwo unapangidwa bungwe mu June 1832 ku Paris, mamembala a anthu chinsinsi cha "ufulu wa anthu", anathandiza anthu obwera ambiri achilendo. Opandukawo amanga okwatiranawo ndipo ngakhale analengezeratu dziko Republic, koma patapita ndewu anabalalitsidwa ndi asilikali a boma.

Mbali ina yaikulu mawu a nthawi ino zinachitika zaka ziwiri mu Sierra Leone. Iwo chikwiyire nkhanza apolisi nkhondo mabungwe andale. Patangopita masiku asanu a asilikali gendarmerie anayesa mkuntho okwatiranawo anamangapo ndi antchito, ndipo pamene iwo bwino, amene ankachitika mu misewu wa mwazi kuposa kale lonse.

Mu 1839, zachiwawa zonse anazikankhira Paris. Iwo anakhala Mlengi wa bungwe chinsinsi ndale, anali kubisala pansi pa mutu chabe "Company ya nyengo." Ichi ndi chiwonetsero cha chidani chilengedwe cha boma anali kuletsedwa, ndi instigators ake chilungamo.

Kuphedwa kwa Mfumu

Kuwonjezera pa zitsanzo misa umalimbana kupasula King Louis-Philippe boma mu zaka zimenezi sanachite anthu 7 zoyesayesa pa moyo wake. Yotchuka kwambiri iwo bungwe Chikosika Zhozef Fieski. Kupha mfumu, anaikira, anamanga ndi anaika mobisa pa njira zake zina kamangidwe wapadera ongokhala 24 adawalamulira migolo mfuti.

Pamene mfumu mmwamba ndi conspirator ake anapanga ananyoza zamphamvu, zimene Louis-Philippe anali choyipa, koma anthu 12 ochokera retinue ozungulira anaphedwa ndipo ambiri anavulala. Ya anthu achiwembu yomweyo anamangidwa ndipo posakhalitsa guillotined.

Nkhondo ndi atolankhani ndi atumiki kusintha

Komabe, ngozi yaikulu mfumu anadza ku khamu la anthu, limene July ufumu anapereka ufulu kuposa kuloŵedwa m'malo, ndi Bourbon boma. periodicals ambiri sanazengereze poyera kutsutsa onse Louis-Philippe, ndipo adalenga boma. Iwo sanaime zochita zawo ngakhale kuti mwadongosolo bungwe ndi milandu izi.

The vuto la July ufumu bwino limasonyeza kusintha pafupipafupi atumiki nduna, inayamba mu 1836. Mutu wa boma Fransua Gizo ndi Louis Philippe yekha akuyesera streamline ntchito ya ulamuliro wapamwamba, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuwatsimikizira onse kuwatsutsa aphungu ndi atumwiwo.

Mwa njira, mbiri ya dziko pali zitsanzo zambiri zosonyeza mmene olamulira ofooka ndi wosadziŵa anayesa sachedwa kugwa kwa ulamuliro wokhazikitsidwa ndi pafupipafupi kusintha ogwira. Wokwanira kukumbukira "othandiza leapfrog", yapitayi kugwa kwa Nyumba ya Romanov.

The maganizo ankakhalira ku Nyumba ya Malamulo

The Nduna kwa nthawi yaitali wakwanitsa mwaluso akamagwiritsa pakati pa zipani, kuika patsogolo zosiyanasiyana zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, kutsutsa dynastic akufuna kusintha ndi aphungu kuti adzapereka aphungu ufulu maudindo osiyanasiyana mu boma. Iwo analimbikira yowonjezera oponya voti ndi kukhazikitsa magulu lake latsopano anthu.

Ngakhale kuti zimayambitsa wa July mafumu anali ndi kusakhutira wa bourgeoisie zizolowezi reactionary a boma akale, iwo sangakhoze kuika patsogolo zofuna aliyense kwakukulu.

Chomvetsa zinalili ndi oimira kwambiri kumanzere phiko. Iwo anandiuza pa oyamba a dziko la othandiza chilengedwe komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa chiwerengero cha ufulu wa anthu, amene anamva zambiri kuchokera Socialists.

Ndi anthu ambiri mavoti mu yamalamulo ziwanga kumumvera Guizot mosavuta kupirira osaweruzika, koma akutsutsidwa yachilendo, m'kukoma likuwonjezekabe otchuka kusakhutira, iye anali wopanda mphamvu. Osati dziko, komanso maganizo zokomera dziko chaka kunakulirakulira ndipo adalibe kutsutsa.

Mzimu Napoleon ndi

Ngati zimayambitsa wa July ufumu mavuto bodza makamaka chosowa misa kusakhutira kusesa kusintha ankayembekezera pambuyo kupasula Charles X, ndiye kugwa m'malo ake, Mfumu Louis-Philippe, makamaka anatsogolera kutchuka kuyambiranso wa Napoleon Bonaparte.

Kulimbikitsa mfundo ya kubwerera kwa dongosolo boma lomwe unachitika kubwezeretsedwa kwa mafumu (1814), chinathandiza kwambiri ku boma lokha. chisankho phulusa lake la Chikosika chachikulu kuwapititsa ku Paris, ndi fano yaikidwa pamwamba pa ndime Vendome, akuyima pakati pa likulu French ndipo amati kuponyedwa ku analanda mfuti Russian.

Posthumous kutamandira dzina la Napoleon ankalimbikitsa komanso otchuka anthu a chi, monga wolemba mbiri wotchuka Lui Adolf wabweletsela ndi olemba Pierre-Zhan De Beranger ndi Zhorzh Sand. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa ndale kaja pyonsene mwadidi mwene silhouetted chithunzi cha mphwake wa malemu Mfumu - Charles Louis Napoleon.

A mbadwa ya mfumu

Monga mbadwa ya fano chilengedwe, iye kawiri anayesera kuti atenge mphamvu mwa zoyesayesa bwino m'bungwe ndi mediocre akuyendera kulanda boma, lomwe Louis-Philippe sanali angagwirizanitse zimenezo ngakhale anamangidwa wamuphayo awo. Mwachidule si ankachitira kwambiri.

Komabe, zinthu zinasintha modabwitsa pambuyo Louis Napoleon unakhazikitsidwa kuzungulira ochuluka omwe amaimira wa chipanichi. Mmodzi wa atsogoleri ake anali munthu wotchuka ndale chithunzi cha chi Odilon Barrot. Ndi dzanja lake kuwala kwa kayendedwe chitsutso watenga mawonekedwe a otchedwa phwando kampeni.

Maphwando, n'kufika zisinthe

Anali woyamba mu Paris ndipo kenako mizinda ina ya France, poopa kuti akuphwanya lamulo pa misonkhano, amene anafuna ku okonza kupeza chilolezo kwa akuluakulu aboma, inachitika chenicheni maphwando onse, zomwe zimabweretsa pamodzi anthu zikwi zingapo.

Anaiika matebulo ndi vinyo ndi hors d'oeuvres, amene anapereka Assembly view, ngakhale ochuluka, koma osati choletsedwa ndi lamulo phwando. Pamaso alendo anali yasintha ndi okamba vinyo, ndiye wotanganidwa malo magome wamba. Pozindikira woona chifukwa chachikulu cha ntchito, akuluakulu Koma sanathe kuti chirichonse cholakwika, ndi kampeni anali pachimake.

maphwando chachikulu, bungwe andale wolemera, anatsogozedwa, kenako kwa wotsatira wa French kuukira boma zomwe zinachititsa February 24, 1848 Korol Lui-Philippe antchito.

The zotsatira za July ufumu zinali zochepa chakuti dziko, adayima pa mutu wa pulezidenti wosapitirira anakhazikitsidwa mu France - Lui Adolf Napoleon. Tsoka naye, pambuyo awiri analephera zoyesayesa, iye zokhumba anafika mphamvu mwalamulo, ndipo anapita pansi mu mbiri pansi pa dzina la Napoleon III.