Chirasha Japanese nkhondo: chiyambi cha mapeto a Russian Ufumu.

Kuyambira cha m'ma XIX pa dzanja, Russia mwanzeru ndipo mwakachetechete kupeza malo posachedwapa, kwathunthu wosaoneka, alibe ndi wopanda lankhondo lamphamvu, Japan. Kwa zaka zoposa 50, iye anatha kukwaniritsa patsogolo kwambiri m'munda wa chitukuko mafakitale, analimbitsa ankhondo ndi asilikali. Ambiri chinathandiza kugwa, panalibe chopinga zana limodzi kuti kupewedwa kudutsa chatsekedwa Japanese chikhalidwe ndi sayansi ndi zamakono European ndi American.

Kuyambira pamenepo, Japan anayamba uzigwira usilikali ndipo nthawi yomweyo anayamba kuganiza zowonjezera zawo m'madera pa zikusowa, ndi chodabwitsa mosalephera wakhala Chirasha Japanese nkhondo. Chiyambi cha nkhondo imene inachititsa kuti izo, kutanthauza imene zofuna za mphamvu awiri anamenyana ku China. Kulimbitsa mwapang'onopang'ono malo Russia a ku Far East, pamodzi ndi Britain ndi America anaopseza patsogolo misika, zachititsa kuti inayamba nkhondoyi.

Chiyambi cha masiku Chirasha Japanese nkhondo ku 8-9 February 1905. Usiku, asilikali Japanese anaukira nthandala pa Port Arthur anaukira Russian squadron. anadabwa tingati ndi sanathandize Japanese - usiku nkhondo sanapereke zotsatira anakhumba, ndi Russian zombo asilikali wakhala si kuwawa awiri.

Kuwonjezera pa nkhondo nyanja mapulani mdani anali ndi nkhondo dziko. Koma chifukwa chodzala ankafika dziko Japanese bulu ayenera kulamulira Nyanja Yellow. M'kupita kwa pochimanga ndipo panali lodziwika bwino imfa ya cruiser "Varyag", anapanga wotchuka mu zaka za Chirasha Japanese nkhondo.

Mbiriyakale amagwirizana kuti chifukwa chachikulu kugonjetsedwa kwa Russia atasemphana adakhala wosadziŵa alonda yolamula, ndi kwanthawi mawu a zida ndi kusowa kwa dongosolo bwino ndi zolaula ntchito ya usilikali. Koma, ngakhale kuti asilikali Russian msanga m'malo awo mu m'gulu la asilikali ndi alonda pamaso kusaina pangano mtendere, ngakhale pambuyo panali chikhulupiriro chakuti nkhondo Chirasha Japanese kuti yayenda ngati kupitiriza.

Koma kupitiriza maudani ku Far East sanalole akuluakulu kuganizira polimbana ndi adani mkati kupeza mphamvu. N'chifukwa chake Nicholas II ndipo anaganiza lowani manyazi mwamtheradi Mtendere wa Portsmouth, anautsa khamu lalikulu la anyamata amene magazi okhetsedwa asilikali Russian anali atakhetsedwa pachabe.

Kodi chidwi, zotsatira za Chirasha Japanese nkhondo sanakhutire ndi osati Russia. Japan, dziko-wopambana, komanso sanali kumva kukhutitsidwa wapadera zotsatira za nkhondo. Nthawi zina panali ngakhale ngozi zipolowe mu dziko, monga gulu pankhondo sanaone ubwino uliwonse kuti anawapatsa mtendere anasaina.

September 5, 1905 Portsmouth Mtendere wakhala anasaina panobe. Malinga ndi chikalata ichi Nkhondo Chirasha Japanese zayambitsa zotsatirazi:

• Japan analowa malo a mbali ya kum'mwera ya Sakhalin Island;
• asilikali Russian ndinawasiya ena chisumbu;
• akaidi Russian ya nkhondo ya Japanese analipira zili Zachuma;
• South nthambi ya Chinese East Railway ndi ufulu Kvatunsky Peninsula anawoloka dziko-wopambana.

Pa nthawi yomweyo anakhalabe zonena zosakwanitsika a mbali Japanese kuwalandira monga zofunkha otsala ziwiya Russian - pa Russian Tsar anakana extradite iwo. Komanso si linalipiridwa kwa chipani kuwina ndi indemnity poyamba ananena ndi Japanese monga chofunika mtendere. Koma chifukwa chachikulu cha nkhondo imeneyi yochepa kugwa mu maso a anthu ndi anthu otchuka a kutchuka wa asilikali Russian ndi lingaliro kwambiri autocracy. A chotsatira chenicheni cha kugonjetsedwa mu nkhondo Chirasha Japanese anali woyamba Russian utasintha ndi kugwa zina za ulamuliro kulamulira.