Star limodzi: tanthauzo, makhalidwe ndi mitundu

Mu kumwamba usiku pa tsiku bwino mukuonera kwambiri kwa magetsi losonyeza pang'ono - nyenyezi. Ndipotu, kukula awo akhoza mantha ndi mazanamazana ngakhalenso zikwizikwi za nthawi kuposa Dziko Lapansi. Iwo akhoza alibe, koma nthawi zina kupanga nyenyezi limodzi.

Kodi nyenyezi?

The Star ndi zibaluni chachikulu wopangidwa mpweya. Iwo amatha kuonedwa ndi mphamvu yokoka yake. Nyenyezi misa, imakhala m'mapulaneti. Mkati iwo pali zochita nyukiliya zimene zimachititsa umuna wa kuwala.

Nyenyezi anapanga makamaka a hydrogen ndi helium, komanso fumbi. kutentha awo mkati angafikire kwa anthu miyandamiyanda ya kelvins, ngakhale kuli yachilendo. Makhalidwe waukulu mpweya kwa balloons muyeso ndi misa, utali wozungulira ndi luminosity, i.e. mphamvu.

Apoyera kuwona munthu nyenyezi zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi (zitatu zikwi aliyense Chigawo). Pafupi ndi Dziko Lapansi, tikuwona tsiku - ndi dzuwa. Iwo lili pa mtunda wa makilomita 150 miliyoni. Nyenyezi pafupi dongosolo lathu dzuwa, wotchedwa Proxima Centauri.

Kubadwa kwa nyenyezi ndi masango

Fumbi ndi gasi alipo zedi malire danga interstellar, akhoza wothinikizidwa mchikakamizo cha mphamvu yokoka. The molimbira iwo wothinikizidwa, kutentha apamwamba aumbike mkati. Tikaumbike chuma kupeza kulemera, ndipo ngati chikukwanira zimene nyukiliya, pali nyenyezi.

Ku fumbi mtambo kawirikawiri anapanga nyenyezi zingapo, zimene amachita wina ndi mnzake mu munda yokoka ndi kupanga dongosolo nyenyezi. Choncho, pali awiri, patatu, ndipo ena kachitidwe. nyenyezi zoposa khumi kupanga limodzi.

Star limodzi ndi gulu la anthu obadwa nyenyezi wamba amene olumikizidwa kwa wina ndi mnzake ndi mphamvu yokoka, ndi m'munda nyenyezi kusuntha integrally. Iwo agawidwa mu mpira ndipo anamwazikana. Komanso nyenyezi, masango anyamula mpweya ndi fumbi. Kugwirizana ndi magwero ofanana, koma zifukwa yokoka gulu la zinthu zakuthambo otchedwa mayanjano Nyenyezi.

History of atulukira

Anthu kuyambira kale kuonera kumwamba usiku. Koma kwa nthawi yaitali ankakhulupirira kuti matupi akumwamba ali uniformly kufalitsidwa mu chilengedwe chonse. Mu zakuthambo XVIII m'ma Uilyam Gershel anaponya Sciences wina vuto, ananena kuti m'madera ena nyenyezi bwino kuposa ena.

A pang'ono patsogolo mnzake wake Sharl Messe taonera kuli nebulae pa thambo. Zochitika iwo kudzera zakutali ndi, Herschel anapeza kuti izi sizichitika nthawi zonse. Iye anaona kuti nthawi zina nyenyezi Nebula - m'bulu wa nyenyezi zokhala ngati papezeka, ngati ife tiyang'ana pa iwo ndi apoyera. Iye anapeza anatcha "milu". Patapita anayambitsa ndi dzina lina zinthuzo Way - nyenyezi masango.

Herschel anatha kufotokoza masango zikwi ziwiri. M'zaka za m'ma XIX asayansi anatsimikiza kuti ali osiyana mu mawonekedwe ndi kukula. Ndiye mpira ndipo masango lotseguka akhala allocated. Mwatsatanetsatane maphunziro a zinthuzo anayamba kokha m'zaka za m'ma XX.

masango Open

Pakati kuwundana kwa nyenyezi zosiyanasiyana chiwerengero ndi mawonekedwe. Star limodzi zingaphatikizepo khumi ndi nyenyezi zikwi zingapo. Iwo ali aang'ono kwambiri, m'badwo wawo kokha mamilioni angapo zaka. Izi limodzi nyenyezi sichinayambe zodziwika malire, kawirikawiri mu mwauzimu ndi nyenyezi osasamba.

Mu mlalang'amba wathu, anapeza padziko 1100 masango. Iwo akhala moyo motalika, chifukwa chaubale yokoka ndi ofooka ndi akhoza kuswa mosavuta chifukwa ndime yotsatira m'mitambo mpweya kapena masango ena. "Ataye" nyenyezi kukhala wosakwatiwa.

Magulu Nthawi zambiri pa mikono mwauzimu ndiponso pafupi ndi galactic ndege - kumene mpweya ndende ambiri. Ali m'mbali waukali ndiponso wopanda mawonekedwe wandiweyani, bwino distinguishable pachimake. masango Open anawagawira malinga ndi mayikidwe kachulukidwe kusiyana kuwala kwa nyenyezi ya zoweta ndi distinguishability poyerekeza malo a.

masango globular

Mosiyana omwazika, masango globular ndi bwino ozungulira mawonekedwe. nyenyezi zawo zogwirizana ndi mphamvu yokoka kwambiri, ndi zokhudza pakati galactic, kusewera udindo wa nthambi. The zaka masango izi nthawi zambiri kuposa omwazika, kuyambira zaka mabiliyoni 10 akale ndi pamwamba. Koma chiwerengero ali otsika, mu mlalang'amba wathu tatulukira m'ma 160 masango globular.

Iwo ali zikwizikwi ndi nyenyezi miliyoni, anthu ambiri amene kumawonjezera kwa pakati. Iwo yodziwika ndi kusapezeka kwa mpweya ndi fumbi ngati zinapangidwa kale. nyenyezi zonse masango globular ili pa pafupifupi siteji yomweyo chitukuko, kutanthauza kuti apanga, komanso anamwazikana, pa nthawi yomweyo.

The kachulukidwe mkulu wa nyenyezi limodzi ndi zambiri kumayambitsa kumenyana. Chifukwa, makalasi kungachitike anapanga matupi. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mamembala a dongosolo bayinare kuphatikiza, pali buluu straggler. Ndi zambiri motentha nyenyezi buluu ndi anthu ena limodzi ndi. Pa kumenyana angayambe ndi malo ena zosowa, monga otsika-misa binaries X-ray ndi millisecond pulsars.

nyenyezi Association

Mosiyana ndi masango, ndi mayanjano nyenyezi si zogwirizana ndi Mphamvu munda wamba, nthawizina alipo, koma mphamvu yake ndi otsika kwambiri. Iwo anaonekera pa nthawi yomweyo ndipo ali ndi zaka yaing'ono, kufika mamiliyoni ambiri zaka.

Kugwirizana Nyenyezi upambana mu kukula achinyamata masango lotseguka. Iwo ali ochepa kwambiri m'mlengalenga, ndi kuphatikizapo mazana nyenyezi mu kapangidwe kake. Pafupi dazeni la iwo - otentha zimphona.

Ofooka yokoka munda salola nyenyezi kwa nthawi yaitali kukhala mu gulu. Pakuti kuwola iwo amafuna pang'ono zikwi zana ndi zaka miliyoni - mu mawu zakuthambo ndi negligible. Choncho, kuyanjana Nyenyezi amatchedwa nthawi mapangidwe.

accumulations amadziwika

Zochepa chabe masango nyenyezi ankagwidwa, ena mwa iwo amaoneka kuti apoyera. Pafupi Earth amwazikira Pleiades (Stozhary) ndi Hyades ili kuwundana Taurus. Woyamba lili 500 nyenyezi, popanda Optics wapadera ndi distinguishable zokha. Hyades ali pafupi Aldebaran ndipo muli 130 yowala ndi slabogoryaschih gulu 300.

Open nyenyezi limodzi mwa a Cancer kuwundana ndi mmodzi wa wapafupi. Njirayi imatchedwa khola ndipo lili ndi anthu oposa mazana awiri. makhalidwe ambiri modyera ndi Hyades ndinu yemweyo, choncho pali kuthekera kuti anapangidwa kuchokera mtambo womwewo mpweya ndi fumbi.

Mosavuta kuonekera kudzera mu zoyang'anira nyenyezi limodzi mu kuwundana chikomokere Berenices mu kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Izi limodzi globular M 53, anapeza kumbuyo mu 1775. Malowa ali pamtunda 60 000 kuwala zaka. Kuchulukana ndi imodzi mwa akutali kwambiri padziko lapansi, ngakhale mosavuta kuonekera kudzera mu zoyang'anira. A nambala yaikulu masango globular zili kuwundana Sagittarius.

Pomaliza

masango Star ndi gulu la nyenyezi, ogwirizana ndi mzake ndi yokoka. Ali pakati pa khumi ndi nyenyezi miyandamiyanda, amene ali ndi magwero ofanana. Kwenikweni kusiyanitsa globular ndi lotseguka masango, amene amasiyana mawonekedwe, kapangidwe, kukula, chiwerengero cha anthu ndi zaka. Kupatula izi, pali masango osakhalitsa, wotchedwa mayanjano Nyenyezi. chaubale yokoka ndi ofooka kwambiri, zomwe n'kogwiritsa kugwa ndi mapangidwe nyenyezi muyezo umodzi.