Russian stratigraphic lonse. Mayiko stratigraphic lonse

Mu gulu chronostratigraphic cholinga chimodzi. Ndi dismemberment mwadongosolo ndondomeko ya zigawo za dzikoli wagawo ndi. Iwo ali ndi maina awo, omwe amayenderana ndi intervals wa nthawi nthaka. pepala zidzafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane geochronological ndi stratigraphic lonse. Iwo sali nthawi ofotokoza okha ubwenzi. Stratigraphic, geochronological lonse - izo kutsatira mfundo. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito yodula mitengo ya zochitika za miyala.

Mayiko stratigraphic lonse

Zikamera a dongosolo lino ndi anapeza chofunika m'mbiri ya anthu. Ndi maziko a stratigraphy. Njira yodalirika zokhudza mbiri miyala ya matanthwe a Earth akhala anatsegula ntchito sikelo m'mapulaneti. ILS ndi chinthu chofunika, okhoza kuthetsa mavuto ambiri miyala. Popanda dongosolo Zikanakhala zosatheka kupanga mapu dziko ambiri ndi mafotokozedwe a m'madera ena zikuluzikulu monga tectonic, miyala, paleogeographic, paleoclimatic, paleolandscape ndi ena ambiri.

terminology

Lingaliro la "onse stratigraphic lonse" chinapezeka mwa magwero Russian zambiri. Pansi tanthauzo lake amamvedwa chikhalidwe chilengedwe dongosolo ndi ukukhudza dziko lonse tanthauzo lake. Stratigraphic lonse ndi makamaka ndondomeko taxonomic mayunitsi. dongosolo Izi zikhoza kuonedwa ngati Buku mtheradi Geological nthawi imene nyanja lapansi m'chimake unakhazikitsidwa. Akuimira abwino gawo lathunthu la lithosphere dziko lapansi popanda overlaps zosiyanasiyana ndi mipata.

dera ntchito

Kachitidwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga n'zotsimikizira kuti intervals munthu miyala. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kudziwa ubale wa aliyense lithosphere mosinthanasinthana. Mu izi ya munthu kapena raznovozvratnost. mbali zonse pamwamba kupanga lonse stratigraphic lonse maziko kukafola dongosolo la zochitika. kayesedwe maziko dongosolo ayambe mbiri Geological dzikoli.

miyezo

A mndandanda wa zinthu monga lonse stratigraphic, za chinenero Geological lonse lonse. kalembedwe wake complies ndi pangano Interstate. chilankhulo Professional ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zambiri kachitidwe. Mayiko Geological Congress amatenga mbali pokhazikitsa mfundo izi. Komanso mu ndondomeko imeneyi nawo mgwirizano wa geosciences. Kwa nthawi yaitali nyumba izi bungwe wapadera woimira msonkhano, imene kusintha zina anapangidwa kwa ILS. Pa msonkhano wotsiriza wa bungwe la International Geological Congress, iye wotchedwa Geological nthawi lonse.

Chigawo ILS

Zinthu zimene tatchulazi si matupi machitidwe paleontological kapena nyumba biostratigraphic. mayunitsi amakhala zakanthawi, ie, chronostratigraphic. Chifukwa cha ichi iwo ntchito kupatukana ndi ubale Mbiri mwachindunji. Mayunitsi monga stratigraphic lonse kwenikweni zikuimira ena intervals nthawi. Nawonso, kuwonetsa miyala. Ndi maonekedwe pa malo ya ang'ambe thupilo khalidwe makamaka atathana malire awo. Izi bwino ikuchitika pansi zinthu zoyenera. Zizindikiro isochronous kukhala zabwino mankhwala kapena zakuthupi.

zenizeni panopa

Chimake pano ukugwira ntchito ngati stratigraphic padziko lonse, amene kwenikweni zochokera m'magulu dera. Makamaka, dongosolo European Western. Iwo ali yekha mbiri ndi miyala kwake. Stratigraphic sikelo tiers limasonyeza magawo chilengedwe cha chitukuko cha madera ena a dziko lapansili, komanso biota mmenemo. Izi si kukana zoonekeratu - mbiri ndi miyala mfundo kwenikweni amagwira ntchito bwinobwino. Komabe, tanthauzo lake ndi othandiza kwambiri mu dera lililonse osakwatira kapena nyanja beseni. Kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo imeneyi citukuko ca stratigraphic padziko lonse sizingatheke. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mu magawo a chitukuko cha m'madera osiyanasiyana zambiri osati ofanana mu intervals kutalika. Komabe, iwo maloboti m'njira inayake chifukwa cha mmene zinthu padziko lonse.

Masiku chachikulu

The zokolola za liniya lonse nthawi nthaka mu zaka ikuchitika kupyolera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zambiri. Pamafunika ntchito zinthu zonse ndi zochitika chibwenzi ku mamba lonse ndi dera. Tifunikanso zinthu zina stratigraphic.

Zolepheretsa kumalizidwa kwa ILS

Interagency Strategic Komiti ya Russia sanagwirizane chitukuko atsopano a dongosolo. chakuti gulu zoweta anaganiza m'tsogolo kutsatira miyambo miyala. Komiti Russian amakana kugwiritsa ntchito sikelo njira lapadziko lonse mu mawonekedwe umene ukugwira ntchito lero. Izi ndi chifukwa peculiarities wa intervals ake, terminology ndi nomenclature. Onse a zinthu izi kwa mfundo za maganizo, zoona, kuti lili ambiri stratigraphic lonse la Russia. Komanso iwo alibe maganizo. Official chifukwa m'maganizo, amene kumathandiza kumalizidwa kwa stratigraphic padziko lonse, ndicho chikhulupiriro cha Akatswiriwa ambiri Russian. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti ILS ayenera kuonetsa mbiri Geological dzikoli. Chikhulupiliro ichi chili mu Code kake. Choncho, stratigraphic lonse Russia ndi osiyana dongosolo lero.

mfundo zina za ILS

The Buku lonse njira anasonyeza kuchotsedwa deta zokhudza mbali yaikulu ya dongosolo: mfundo, matanthauzo, mfundo, siyana, zomwe zikuphatikizapo stratigraphic lonse, njira ndi zina zotero. dongosolo imakhala makamaka mayunitsi muyezo amene analembedwa zaka zambiri. Iwo unagawanika zochokera kuphunzira chojambula makonzedwe a miyala. Kachitidwe Chili mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya mamba chronostratigraphic ndi nthawi sabata. Origin panopa amaona muyeso dongosolo chojambula makonzedwe a miyala ndi zigawo muyezo amene anasankha stratotypes malire. Mtundu wachiwiri zachokera mayunitsi nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, mu zaka, pamene muyezo lachiwiri.

Ntchito yaikulu ya dongosolo

Cholinga choyamba anathamangitsa ndi sikelo stratigraphic, ndi kuzindikira asapita m'dera nthawi. Kwambiri kuti m'madera onse a nthaka ndi unsembe wa zaka wachibale wa zigawo. Mbali zimenezi Musati muzidalira pa ziwembu aliyense mayunitsi chronostratigraphic za chikhalidwe padziko lonse. Chachiwiri, kuti akhale lonse muyezo. M'pofunika kukhazikitsa wathunthu mwadongosolo inalamula ena zinthu chronostratigraphic. Iwo ali ndi maina awo ndi ntchito lonse dera ndi dziko lonse. Zikuoneka kuti izi adzakhala maziko a ufumu wolowezana muyezo. Iwo ayenera kudziwa zaka zigawo thanthwe, komanso kulola kuti afotokoze mbiri ya dzikoli. Gululi ndi njira yabwino, imene osiyanasiyana muyezo ndidzadzaza akuyambira lonse popanda overlaps aliyense ndi mipata.

Gawo chronostratigraphic

dongosolo ndi mayunitsi bungwe mu macheka. Bukuli lili ndi muyezo monga msinkhu ndi nthawi mapangidwe. Cholinga cha dongosolo ndi gulu la miyala kuti apange kutumphuka, mu mayunitsi ena. Nawonso, ndi maina zawo zogwirizana ndi intervals wa nthawi miyala. zinthu izi ndi maziko a unansi nthawi ndi dongosolo kulembetsa za mbiri miyala ya mwambowu.

gawo

mchitidwe umenewu umatanthauza ya zigawo zonse thanthwe limene amaphatikizidwa pa maziko ena. Makamaka, phindu la mapangidwe awo pa nthawiyi ndi umodzi. Kudulidwa zikuphatikizapo miyala, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa m'nthawi zina za mbiri ya dzikoli yekha. zinthu izi okha pamalo isochronous. Awo mtengo wachibale ndi sukulu anapereka kutalika kwa nthawi kuti amagwirizana. safuna mphamvu ya madipoziti anapanga ndi utsogoleri wolowezana chronostratigraphic ndi gawo mayunitsi lapansi.

mawu ena

Mu mabukhu ambiri mayunitsi zoti osiyanasiyana ndi buku zosakhalitsa pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsatirazi.

Chronostratigraphic zovuta zikuphatikizapo mawu otsatirawa:

1. Gawo.
2. Eonothem.
3. System.
4. Series.
5. Erathem.
6. Substage.

Geochronology zofanana:

1. Century.
2. Eon.
3. Nthawi.
4. Nyengo.
5. Lothandiza.
6. Podvek.

Mitundu ya adjectives kusonyeza malo a chinthu mkati chronostratigraphic ndi:

1. Upper.
2. M'munsi.
3. Avereji.
4. Woyambira.

Mitundu ya adjectives zokhudzana ndi gawo geochronological:

1. Ndi mochedwa.
2. Oyambirira.
3. Avereji.