Pyroclastic otaya. zotupa

M'zaka zapitazi, anthu ambiri nkhani ya akuluakulu kuphulitsa mapiri. Iwo amapereka chakudya kuti alankhulepo za zomwe likuyandikira ndi chiwonongeko lonse, Izi zidzapangitsa, ngati osati ikutha okwana moyo zonse, ndiye, Mulimonsemo, kuchepetsa kwambiri anthu.

Vulcan

mapangidwe chiphala cha ming'alu kapena njira mu kutumphuka wa dzikoli, amene kuchokera pansi pa dziko lapansi zimatha kuyambitsa chiphalaphala, mpweya ndi miyala dzina la mulungu wakale wa moto. Nthawi zambiri phiri - phiri popangidwa ndi katundu wa kuphulika.

mitundu ya mapiri

Pali kulekana mabungwe awa pa zinatha, matalala kapena mphamvu. The choyamba - chiwonongeko, anangotengeka, si kuonekera palibe ntchito. M'tulo otchedwa mapiri, kuphulika amene deta zilipo, koma mawonekedwe awo ukhale, m'mimba mwa concussions awo zimachitika. Action - amene zimatha kuyambitsa kaya pano kapena ntchito yawo amadziwika ku mbiriyakale, kapena mfundo palibe, koma mpweya phiri ndipo zimatulutsa madzi.

Malinga zotani njira pa kuphulika zikachitika, iwo akhoza zikukhudza kapena chapakati.

kuphulika

Kuphulika nthawi ndi yochepa. Kwa nthawi yaitali ndi amene Zimatenga zaka zingapo, ndipo m'zaka zina ngakhale. Short - amene lolimba maola ochepa okha. Large kuphulitsa mapiri, kudziwika kwa ife kuchokera ku mbiriyakale, nthawi zambiri yochepa, koma ali wamphamvu kwambiri mphamvu zowononga.

Nyengo yachisanu ikupita ndi kugwedeza mkati phiri, phokoso zachilendo ejected chiphala mwala. Kumayambiriro kwa ndondomekoyi ndi ozizira, ndiye m'malo ndi makombo woyera-hot ndi chiphalaphala. Pafupifupi mpweya zidutswa zosiyanasiyana anakweza kutalika kwa makilomita 5. Yodziwika ndi zambiri zachiwawa mabomba Mwachitsanzo, Mayina Awo anaponya ndalama za pathanthwe ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 45 makilomita.

mpweya

mpweya chiphala ali pa mtunda wosiyana gwero - kwa zikwizikwi makilomita. Malinga ndi mphamvu kuphulika ndi kuchuluka kwa zinyalala anapeza ndalama zinthu angafikire makumi makilomita kiyubiki. Nthawi zina chiphala phulusa mwakuti ngakhale masana abwera mdima moti.

Pamaso pa Kubwera kwa chiphalaphala, koma pambuyo kuphulika wamphamvu, nthawizina pali amazipanga wamphamvu linga la phulusa, mafuta ndi miyala. Izi otaya pyroclastic. kutentha kwake mkati ranges ku madigiri 100 kwa 800. Mlingo ikhoza kukhala 100 Km / h ndi 700.

Malinga atsopano Ofufuza pa nthawi ya kuphulika kwa Vesuvius ndi pyroclastic otaya anali ochititsa imfa ya ambiri a anthu. Poyamba ankaganiza kuti anthu a Pompeii anafa suffocation, koma deta ya maphunziro X-ray mtembo anapeza zimalongosola osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti moyo wa anthu a Hekuleniya ndi Stabiae anatenga otaya pyroclastic, kutentha itayandikira madigiri 800. m'matauni tonse napukuta pa nkhope ya dziko lapansi kwa miniti, ndipo anthu anaphedwa nthawi yomweyo. Isanafike Pompei chomwecho anangopeza wachinayi pyroclastic otaya, kutentha zomwe zinali "chabe" 200 madigiri. m'kulimbika kumene zachokera chikhalidwe cha zotsalira: okhala m'midzi moto mpaka mafupa, matupi a Pompeians zinali pafupifupi labwinobwino pamaso iwo yokutidwa ndi phulusa chiphalaphala anasefukira.

Volcano pyroclastic otaya si amasamukira pa dziko, mosavuta chililaka ndi zotchinga madzi. zinthu lalikulu misa, ndi waikamo mu madzi, koma mpweya ndi inapita patsogolo ndi mphamvu chimachititsanso kutsogolo, ngakhale wotaya mphamvu ndipo utakhazikika. Kudutsa madzi pyroclastic otaya amatha pamwamba madzi a m'nyanja.

Kuphulika nthawi yathu

Kwa zaka otsiriza zana, pakhala zivomezi zingapo lalikulu, amene anali ngati chifukwa kusintha nyengo padziko lonse. Ngakhale zaka makumi angapo anabweretsa pang'ono kuposa zodabwitsa zosasangalatsa. Kuyambira kuphulika inapha anthu ambiri, anawononga mzinda wa mahekitala wa nthaka yachonde ndi zosafunika.

Komanso, patapita makamaka wamphamvu kuphulika nyengo m'maiko onse angathe kusintha. phulusa particles kukhala mu mlengalenga, kunyezimiritsa dzuwa. Mugawo kutentha m'kupita kwa chaka zotsatirazi kuphulika anali m'munsimu yachibadwa ndi madigiri 3 pa dziko.

Kuphulika amphamvu kwambiri kwa zaka za m'ma 20 zinachitika mu 1911 ku Philippines. Unapha pafupifupi zikwi theka, chiphala mwala anagona oposa 2 miliyoni makilomita lalikulu la dziko. Panopa, kuphulika ichi ndi chimodzi mwa owopsa.

tsoka

Asayansi ambiri timakonda kukhulupirira kuti posachedwapa tingayembekezere chinachake kutali kwambiri. Kwa zaka zambiri, akatswiri akuyendayenda Yellowstone. Iwo safuna pabwalopo, umene uli osangalatsa alendo kudzacheza, ndipo phiri, amene ali pafupifupi lonse la malo ake. awiri ake ndi 70 makilomita, amene zoona kwa mabungwe oterowo. Komanso, gwero si chiphalaphala 100 Km from pamwamba, ndipo 8-16 yekha Km.

Malinga ndi asayansi, Yellowstone kuphulika adzaononga osati America, koma ambiri, ngati si onse a moyo pa dziko. utuluke Pyroclastic anagwetsa onse pa mtunda wa makilomita oposa zana kuchokera ku gwero, phulusa kuphimba ambiri a United States, mwachindunji mu kuphulika kwa Canada kwambiri zowawa.

zivomezi zamphamvu chifukwa madzi osefukira yaikulu mu Pacific Ocean. Izi mafunde chimphona angafikire mpaka ku chigawo chapakati m'dzikoli. Megatons zinthu anamasulidwa mu mlengalenga, sadzalola dzuwa kufika pamwamba lathuli, kuchititsa kuzirala ndi yozizira nyukiliya. Malinga Zoneneratu osiyanasiyana adzakhala kwa zaka 3 mpaka 5. Nthawi iyi ndi nthawi kufa kwambiri za zomera, nyama ndi anthu.

Amakhulupirira kuti okha miyezi ya moyo wake adzautaya magawo atatu a anthu onse padziko lapansi. Ndipo Mwina mkulu ndi imfa kusowa kwa madzi, monga adzakhululukidwa zakhudzana ndi m'dambo poizoni. Pambuyo pa mapeto a yozizira, opulumuka adzakhala ongoyendayenda ndi zosaneneka zotsatira kutentha.

Nthawi chimango tsoka limene si ndendende kumatanthauza. Ngakhale kuti asayansi sakugwirizana chimodzi pa mawu omwe izi zimachitika, akuitana intervals kwa zaka 10 75 (poyambira - lino), iwo amakhulupirira kuti adzakhala wamphamvu kuphulika. Patsalanso funso chachikulu: pamene ndendende ...