Marshall Plan - ndi atasemphana woyamba pakati pa blocs Western ndi kum'mawa

Madera a unawonongedwa Europe amene anapulumuka nkhondo woopsa wa WWII, panali mafunso angapo zachilengedwe mu 1947. Mu malo oyamba anakhudza adzamanganso midzi anakhudzidwa, zamalonda, demobilization asilikali, kusintha kwa malonda mwamtendere njanji. N'zochititsa chidwi zosakwana owonongedwa nkhondo anabweretsa angakuthandizeni awo transatlantic - United States. Komabe, ndipo pano ife mavuto awo kuti anafunika kuzithetsa. Izi zisanachitike, boma chimodzimodzi pachimake linali funso la demobilization ndi kukonza moyo wapadera wa asilikali. Komanso, kupanga nkhondo anayenera adagulung'undisa ndi reclassify izo malinga ndi mikhalidwe mtendere. Koma kodi misika zidzachitika chani izi? Ngati chisanadze nkhondo Ulaya kwambiri malonda okondedwa ndi nzika zosungunulira, tsopano Africa unaphwasukiratu, ndi ogula m'deralo ankadabwa kupereka kufunika koyenera katundu. Kuchira kunali kopindulitsa kwa onse. Ndipo zinachititsa mwangozi zolinga Marshall Plan. Mwachidule ngati iye anaitanidwa, chifukwa ndi ya miyeso zachuma akufuna ndi Mlembi US wa State George Marshall.

Akamanena za ndondomeko ya Marshall

Mbali yoyamba ya polojekiti zinakambidwa mu July 1945 pa msonkhano ku Paris. Poyamba, Plan Marshall anapereka otenga nawo mbali ndi ku Eastern Europe States. Ndipotu, kulephera yaikulu ya nkhondo chimodzimodzi mu kum'mawa kwa Ulaya. Poyerekeza ndi Warsaw, Prague ndi Kraków, Brussels ndi Paris ankaoneka osafikiridwa ndi nkhondo m'malo chete. Komabe, kum'mawa m'mphepete mwa Europe wakhala amadalira boma la Soviet. A atsogoleri Soviet ankaopa kuti kuchita zimenezi kungatithandize chikoka mu maiko awa ndi kufooketsa kutchuka kwawo mu Socialist Party. Kwenikweni, pa zifukwa izi, mayiko onse zokomera ayamba mochititsa wonyada ndi anakana. N'zochititsa chidwi kuona kuti pa dongosolo kulamulira silikadakhala idzapitirizabe chifukwa cha CPSU (b) kukana ndi kuchepekedwa bajeti ndi kukhalapo mavuto alionse kwambiri. Kudzera mdani angathe anakana, wolowa ntchito mantha. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chitsitsimutso la Soviet Union anachita mu mayendedwe ake sanatipatse njira European, tiyeni zinabala ndalama aakulu ntchito.

Kukhazikitsa ntchitoyi

Plan Marshall kenako kufalikira ku maiko khumi la Britain Islands Scandinavia, Western, Southern ndi Europe Central. pulogalamuyi zachuma ndi limodzi mwa opambana kwambiri (mu mtundu) lonse m'mbiri ya anthu. Kwa kanthawi kakafupi nthawi analola Plan Marshall kumanganso chuma anawononga wa limati European, kupanga dziko osewera wolemera ndi wotchuka mu lonse geopolitical m'bwalomo. Ndi ubwino zonsezi ayenera kukumbukira kuti chipambano cha ntchito Pamlingo waukulu anakonzeratu United States lalikulu dziko kumadzulo. Mwachitsanzo, kuwala chitsanzo cha mfundo imeneyi ndi ulamuliro anapitiriza ya boma ku usilikali ndale lathu chipika analenga zaka zingapo zitatha. Limeneli liyenera anali NATO.