Karl Benz: yonena ndi mfundo zochititsa chidwi. inali galimoto yoyamba mu dziko?

Mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma 19, funso la chimene posachedwapa galimoto yoyamba kale anaganiza. Kunangotsala bwinobwino ndi amene adzakhala woyamba mu chidali chifuniro chake. innovators angapo ntchito umenewu. Ena mwa iwo anatha kupeza eni luso kwa zoyambitsa zawo mu chaka chomwecho. Amene amaona kuboma mlengi wa galimotoyo? M'nkhani adzakhala Karl Benz.

Benz - otengera kwa makolo railwayman

Anayambitsa mpikisanowu panali angapo cholowa blacksmiths. M'zaka zapitazi, ntchito imeneyi imafunika osati kupanga zitsulo, koma angathe kupanga iwo, ndiko kukhala mmisiri ndi makaniko, komanso akatswiri ndi technologists.

Karl Benz anali mwana mmodzi wa blacksmiths izi. Ndipo chifukwa cha chitukuko cha njanji m'mayiko German Johann Georg Benz anakhala yoyendetsa sitima. Komabe, posachedwapa zinachititsa kuti imfa yake. miyezi inayi asanabadwe Charles, atate wake mwamphamvu nsomba ozizira mu kanyumba ndi mazenera lotseguka, chifukwa cha zimene iye anamwalira ndi chibayo. Maphunziro a zatsopano tsogolo anachitira ndi mayi amene anali French emigrant.

Makalasi loyamba

Nkhani ndi bambo kusakondwa wake mayi sitikanakhoza tiyeni mwana wake wamwamuna yekhayo, Karl Bents, chikugwirizana moyo wake ndi njanji. Mkaziyo atamuona boma. Koma mnyamatayo kucheza ndi njira ya. Choncho, pa Lyceum anali ndi chidwi kuphunzira sayansi zimapangidwira, nthawi zambiri anadwala pambuyo kalasi ntchito mu labu sukulu.

Minibasi zapangitsa kuti ntchito zithunzi, amene anamupatsa mpata kulandira malipiro choyamba chofunika banja lake. wotchi kukonza anali utakhala wina. Patapita nthawi, mayi ake zinamupatsa akonzekeretse ndi situdiyo mu chapamwamba lapansi.

Maphunziro luso

Onse masewera mwana kukhulupirira mayi ake kuti udindo wa mkulu - osati ntchito yabwino kwambiri. Ndi chilolezo ake Karl Bents analowa Ecole Polytechnique. Ngakhale sukulu ndi sayansi pakati ukachenjede ku Germany. Panali ntchito pa kupeza injini latsopano. Iye ankayenera kukhala njira ina injini nthunzi.

maganizo onse kuti n'zogwirizana ndi chilengedwe cha injini zamphamvu ndi yaying'ono, kudwala ndi Karl Benz.

Yambani zanuzanu

Nditamaliza maphunziro ku Ecole Polytechnique, umene anagula udindo wa University, mpainiya anakakhala pa Machinery Bzalani. Pa nthawi imeneyo ankaganiza kuti mlengi ayenera choyamba ntchito makaniko kuti "Kuthetsa".

Karl Benz, amene yonena imatengedwa, anapita kukagwira ntchito kwa maola khumi ndi shopu wopulukira. Patatha zaka ziwiri yotopetsa ntchito, popeza anapindula zinachitikira zofunika, anatula pansi. Patapita zaka zisanu Charles anali draftsman, mlengi makampani zomangamanga. Panthawi imeneyi anasonkhanitsa ndalama kwa malonda awo. Benz anali maloto kulenga ndi kudzikonda injini ophimba.

A kusintha moyo wake unali imfa ya mayi ndi ankadziwa achinyamata Bertha Ringer. Nkazi onowu akhali wa anthu olemera wa kalipentala, kunathandiza zabwino kutsegula ntchito zawo.

situdiyo wake injiniya analengedwa mu mgwirizano ndi A. Ritter mu Mannheim. Maloto kulenga galimoto yake sanadzisiyira benzi kwa kanthawi, koma nkhawa za ndalama komanso moyo wa banja, omwe udali, chofunika kuchepetsa ndalama zachitukuko zomangamanga.

The kupambana loyamba

Chifukwa cha kupambana mabizinesi awo Benz anaika ndipo anali ndi vuto ndalama. Kamodzi anali pafupifupi mosatsata ntchito zawo pansi. Pofuna kuthetsa mavuto onse kunali koyenera kulenga chinthu chofunika. Banja linanena bungwe m'zimene Kutulukira, ndi mkati kuyaka engine.

Komabe, mfundo imeneyi kalekale mu mlengalenga, ndi maganizo a akatswiri ambiri ndipo woyamba, kotero panali kanthu n'zosadabwitsa chakuti N. Otto setifiketi injini patsogolo. Komabe, anafika injini anayi sitiroko, kotero mkazi wake adatumiza asilikali kulenga injini awiri sitiroko. Benz magalimoto a m'tsogolo anayenera kuchita pa mpweya mafuta.

Panali galimoto kuponyedwa Hava Chaka Chatsopano wa kufalitsa 1878. kupanga siriyo inayamba zaka zitatu pa zomera Mannheim. Pa Albucasis ichi ogwira iye zochepa kwambiri ufulu wawo, choncho anazisiya ndipo anayamba kuchokera zikande ndi zibwenzi zina. Koma ndalama zatsopano sali mofulumira kuti aganyali mu chilengedwe cha galimoto.

Pa nthawi yomweyo setifiketi anali lakana Nikolaus Otto, ndi innovators, amene anali Benz, anapita mabizinesi awo polenga injini anayi sitiroko, anaikira ntchito magalimoto.

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Pofika chilimwe cha 1886 unakhazikitsidwa ndi kumuyesa pamaso pa galimoto, mlengi wa amene anali Karl Benz. setifiketi ya yosainidwa miyezi isanu zisanachitike ndipo ali chiwerengero 37435. galimoto The amayendera chisakanizo cha mpweya ndi mafuta nthunzi. Galimoto yokha inali kuyendayenda mawilo atatu, chifukwa kuti si vuto la kasinthasintha synchronous wakhala mwake.

Ngakhale kuyambitsa bwino kwa mfundo luso view ndi ndemanga zabwino kuchokera kwa atolankhani, galimoto ndi injini sanali bwino pa Germany ndiwofatsa. The zatsopano anali kulengeza ana awo pa zisudzo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Munich ndi Paris.

Pamodzi ndi kuyesera kukhazikitsa malonda Karl anapitiriza kusintha wake m'galimoto. Patatha zaka zisanu 'motorvagen "inkakhala mawilo anayi, izo lowonjezera ndi HIV awiri gawo. Panali latsopano zitsanzo mtundu Benz. Sales anakula makamaka chifukwa France. Kenako magalimoto kampani katswiri msika mu Europe, Russia, America South.

Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 20 mbiri ya galimoto sanaime, anayamba kupeza kupeŵa zambiri, anawonjezera malonda a Benz.

Albucasis anamwalira ali ndi zaka 84, kudutsa malonda ana ake, amene anakonza zaka makumi asanu mu Ladenburg.

Luso makhalidwe a galimoto yoyamba

Akatswiri German kulenga galimoto zawo mobisa, chifukwa nkhani eni luso zinali zofunika.

Features mfundoyi:

• okwana kulemera - 263 makilogalamu;
• zinayi sitiroko injini ndi kulemera - 96 makilogalamu;
• madzi utakhazikika injini;
• Sankhani lina panalembedwa, zowalamulira, ndale patsogolo galimoto mu ndimakokedwe;
• magudumu atatu;
• gulu nanyema,
• unyolo pagalimoto.

The ulendo wotchuka Berty Bents ndi ana

mkazi anayambitsa unathandiza zofunika pa moyo wake. Iye anathandiza mwamuna wake pa zochita zake zonse mwa mawu chuma (mayesero yopeza polimbana ndi injini ndi chimanjamanja Bertha malowolo musanalowe m'banja), ndiponso makhalidwe. Palinso mbiri (Benz galimoto) za mmene mkazi ndi ana ake anapita kukaona osiyanasiyana pafupifupi 110 Km.

Izo zinachitika mu August 1888. njira chochokera Mannheim kuti Pfrotsgeym, kumene iye anali mayi wa Bertha. Patapita masiku angapo, mkazi ndi mwana pa galimoto yomweyo kunyumba.

Paulendo, panali mavuto ena omwe mkazi ndi ana adzatha kulimbana paokha:

• chiwembu ndi kuwuka phompho kugonjetsa kotero - mwana wina ali kumbuyo gudumu, ndi mayi ake anali mwana wachiwiri anakankhira galimoto kuchokera kumbuyo;
• ndi akuphulikira lamba lachikopa pagalimoto zigamba pafupi Bruchsal yokonza nsapato kuderalo;
• udindo anamulasa kutchinjiriza galimoto magetsi anachita kuwonjezera garter;
• magalimoto kupanikizana mu chubu ndi mafuta analephera kuchotsa pini yosavuta.

The ulendo unali njira yabwino malonda msonkhano, monga chizindikiro kwa anthu amakayikira kuti ngakhale akazi ndi ana pansi mphamvu galimoto, kuchotsa kufunika kwa zazing'ono nkhani ya breakage. Komanso ulendo kupeza zolakwa ntchito galimoto ndi kukonza iwo.

Berta Bents chikudziwika ngati mkazi woyamba pa gudumu. Anapata lamanja kuyendetsa galimoto mu chaka chomwecho.