Cynics - Nchiyani ichi? adayambitsa Sukulu ya Cynics

Cynics - wotchuka sukulu ya Greece wakale, ambiri amene anali otsatira ziphunzitso za Socrates. Sukulu anzeru amatchedwanso khalidwe kwambiri amakayikira morose, maganizo amphamvu, kusakhutira ndi chikhalidwe, andale ndi achipembedzo njira analipo a moyo.

adayambitsa Sukulu ya Cynics

Ndimaganiza mtsogoleri ndi mulandu wa chiphunzitso ndi Antisthenes. Wafilosofi anali mwana wa nzika ya Athens ndi kapolo Thracian. Kuchokera pa ichi, Antisthenes ankaona wapathengo ndi amwalira moyo kukhala mu udindo wa mamembala wamba a anthu.

Antisthenes anali mmodzi wa ophunzira okhulupirika ndi mkulu wa Socrates. Chidwi ndi chikhulupiriro cha makhalidwe ndi awathandize bwinobwino umunthu, nzeru zapamwamba wachinyamatayo sanafune kusiya mphunzitsi mpaka kutha kwa masiku ake. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Socrates, Antisthenes, anakhazikitsa nthanthi yake sukulu imodzi mwa sukulu yapamwamba ku Athens anafuna wapathengo.

Antisthenes anayesetsa kutsogolera moyo mogwirizana ndi ziphunzitso zake. Nzeru zapamwamba kwa aliyense anapambutsa, iye sankaona chilema umphawi mwadala anasonyeza kunyoza wake kwa ogwirizira a mphamvu. Munthu wanzeru anakhala masiku ake amalingalira, kusiya mabuku ambiri a essays. otsatira ake odziwika bwino Crathes ndi Diogenes amakhulupilira kuti onse Greece sadzapeza anthu ena omwe ali Antisthenes mu khama, mosaopa ndi luso moyo malinga ndi zikhulupiriro zawo.

Sukulu ya nzeru Cynics, Antisthenes wakhala bwino kuti imfa ya tate wake. Kenako zoposa 70 ntchito za woganiza ndi kwachitika wotchuka laibulale ya Alexandria. Kamodzi sizinali Antisthenes, ngakhale zaka 150 mwachangu ankalimbikitsa maganizo awo Cynics. Okayikira nzeru zimene anatengera mfundo zambiri ku sukulu Cynic, kenako kwathunthu kotero chiphunzitso ichi wake.

Diogen Sinopsky

The wotsatira yowala ziphunzitso za Antisthenes Diogenes analankhula. Iye anatchuka kwambiri mu malo oyamba quirks ambiri. Malinga ndi kafukufuku zakale zomwe yatsikira kwa masiku athu, nzeru zapamwamba ankakonda masana yotakata kuyendayenda kuzungulira mzindawo ndi nyali linawala. Amenewa yachilendo njira tchire anayesera kupeza "munthu wabwino" m'misewu yodzaza.

Diogenes anakhala wosauka, zovala, amene anapatsa anthu a mzinda, ankadya chakudya chilichonse chimene chimabwera njira zawo. Pamene munthu woganiza nyumba, buku lina, iye anasankha crock lalikulu, ndipo malinga ndi ena - mbiya matabwa. Pakuti khalidwe amenewa moyo zachilendo Diogenes analitcha "Galu".

Diogenes kamodzi anaitanidwa ku m'nyumba ya nzika olemera a Athens, kuyembekezera kukambirana chidwi ndi tchire la. Koma ataona ulemerero wapamwamba wa zipinda, simenti nsangalabwi, ndi ntchito zambiri za luso, nzeru zapamwamba sanali kulankhula ndi munthu wochereza alendo, ndi monga adakhumudwa nachokapo chete. Kenako, Diogenes anafotokoza zochita zake chifukwa chakuti nyumba sanali malo abwino mungapezeko kumulavulira, kuwonjezera chilli gulu.

Crathes ku Thebes

Wotchuka Cynics - si Antisthenes ndi Diogenes. Wina wotsatira chidwi wa sukulu nthanthi anali Crathes. woganiza Izi igwera mu gulu nzika olemera. Komabe, chidwi ndi nzeru ya sukulu ya Cynics anaganiza kuti ndisiye moyo mwanaalirenji ndi udindo mkulu anthu. Crathes katundu onse anapatsa mwana wake, chiongo kuti sakufuna kukhala nzeru za anthu.

Ngati Diogenes, Crathes ankakonda ataye nthawi kusinkhasinkha, nachita moyo zosathandiza. Wophunzira bwino za tchire anaima mkazi wake Hipparchia, amene ali mwana anali amasiya banja lake olemera ndi kulumikiza sukulu Cynic.

Chiphunzitso cha Cynics

Cynics - sukulu ya nthanthi, amene anakhazikitsidwa mu Athens kumayambiriro kwa zaka 5-6 wapathengo mamembala a anthu, osauka ndipo akungoyendayenda anzeru. Chifukwa mapangidwe sukulu anakhala kuukira ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu osauka chikhalidwe, cholimbikitsa kuponderezana andale ndi mavuto a zachuma mu dziko. Mfundo zikuluzikulu za ziphunzitso zimene anafuna kukhala moyo yaumphawi, ofanana ndi galu, Mwachangu anapeza otsatira ake mu Greece wakale.

Cynics anaphunzitsa? The nzeru za sukulu limasonyeza anthu ndi mmene dziko enieni, omwe adzatenge akumukana categorical wa ogula makhalidwe ndi maganizo a kapolo, malamulo, makhalidwe, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo, chimene chinayambira ku anthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Cynics sanali moyo wodzimana. oimira kusukulu amayesedwa kukhala yogwira, kulimbikitsa mfundo za ufulu, kunyoza mwanaalirenji. The postulates ziphunzitso anali umalimbana kusintha moyo, kupambana ofanana, kulimbikitsa maganizo munkapezeka.

Nzeru za Cynics anapeza otsatira mwa anthu amene ataya chiyembekezo cha m'tsogolo, kuzindikira zinthu zopanda chilungamo malamulo, pachabe malonjezo a andale. The otsatira ziphunzitso okha kulimbikitsa zolinga zawo, koma kuchitanso mfundo zawo pa moyo. Cynics kuweruzidwa maximally asagwiritse zofuna tokha anakana chuma. Socratic sukulu ya Cynics ankaona zabwino apamwamba pakalibe samatha ku malo enaake okhala, rootlessness wonse.

chikhalidwe Cynics

Kupenda zimene chikhalidwe adalipo Cynics, mfundo yaikulu ya masukulu nzeru zaumunthu, tisaiwale kuti ziphunzitso za Antisthenes anayambitsa anaphunzitsa otsatira ake kusiyanitsa "athu" ndi "mlendo". Malinga ndi tchire ndi zabwino zokha ufulu mumtima mwake akhoza kukhala munthu, osati chuma.

Waukulu chikhalidwe Cynics kulimbikitsa ukoma, amene ankaona yekha zabwino. Nawonso Gwero la zoipa anali wachiwiri. China chirichonse, kuwonjezera mfundo izi, analibe chidwi ndi amuna anzeru a sukulu aumunthu.

Pankhani komanso moyo boma

Cynics - ndi anzeru, amene ankakhulupirira kuti munthu ayenera kukhala kapolo anakakhala tsankho dera, yesani kutsatira maganizo a wakunjayo. Crathes ndi Diogenes mwadala zinali zotsutsana ambiri amavomereza mfundo kuponderezedwa malamulo osalungama. Anzeruwo wapadera chomera usavutike mtsutso m'misewu, amene anafika mikangano. Motero otsatira a sukulu ya Cynics anaphunzitsa okha kusalabadira nkhondo anthu.

Malinga ndi nzeru Cynic, mamembala a bungwe ogaŵikana opusa ndi anzeru. The choyamba - akapolo amene sakudziwa maganizo awo ndi chikumbumtima, mosatsata wabwino, wosangalala m'moyo. Nawonso amuna anzeru omwe takaniza onse, limabweretsa ufulu weniweni ndi ufulu. Anzeru anthu satsatira lamulo lolembedwa, koma amadalira mwambo mkati.

Boma abwino mu maso a Cynics anali dera anthu, limene palibe malire, mabungwe malamulo, chuma. Mu mawu ena - yabwino kwa akuluakulu a sukulu ya nthanthi ankawoneka ngati munthu amene anali atabwerera zachilengedwe m'chilengedwe.

zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo

mtima wotani anasonyeza mwa Cynics chipembedzo? Nzeru za sukulu kumaoneka maganizo pazifukwa zoipa miyambo iliyonse. Ndipotu Cynics woona, amene amakhala malinga ndi mfundo za chiphunzitso, chipembedzo sakanakhoza chilichonse positive. atsogoleri sukulu maganizo ankaona mulungu yekha wa maganizo a anthu. China chirichonse chinaoneka monga mankhwala maloto, komanso zolakwa ndi zofooka ankakhalira kulikonse mu dziko.

mbali khalidwe la nzeru za Cynics

Zikhulupiriro zikuluzikulu za otsatira ziphunzitso monga:

• kupeza ufulu mtheradi kudzera renunciation ya cikhalidwe;
• kukana kwawo kwa chuma;
• zosokera, kusowa malo okhazikika, wosangalala zofunika ndi kumamupempha;
• kunyalanyaza ukhondo, zokonda koipa moyo;
• matamando a umphawi;
• nkhanza kutsutsa ziphunzitso idealist;
• sanali kuzindikira kuti mphamvu ya mwamuna ndi milungu;
• kusowa wakutemwa ndi maganizo munkapezeka;
• kuganizira ozungulira pa makhalidwe a munthu, kutsutsa choyipitsitsa cha makhalidwe anthu.

pomaliza

Cynics - sukulu makamaka wamaganizo, mamembala amene mwachidziwikire, pamaziko a mthupi mwawo otsika chikhalidwe ndi losadziwika pa alibe mphamvu. Otsatirawa kuwala khalidwe sakonda zinachitika kinikov akuti "olamulirawo" omwe adamfunsa zinthu zonse. Kuti anthu ambiri ku Greece amasonyezera pa mapeto a 5 pa - kumayambiriro kwa zaka 6, zinatanthauza kuti kampani zofunika pa nthawi kukana mfundo kapolo kukakumana ndi zolinga za osauka, zigawo disenfranchised a anthu.