Constituent Assembly (1917). The Chisankho Constituent Assembly

Pambuyo February zisinthe ndi kulandidwa kwa mfumu monarchical Russia kwapita kuti udindo wa "Republic". Provisional Government (otchedwa okha boma latsopano) paphewa katundu lonse la gulu lokha. Pa nthawi imeneyo, gulu la zipani otsatira ake ndi kuika patsogolo pulogalamu yake kwa kukonzanso zina mwa zida boma. Pofuna kusankha bwino, ndi Provisional boma bungwe Assembly Constituent. M'chaka cha 1917, mwa zina, anatchuka kwambiri padziko amangokhala ali pikitipikiti yaikulu kukonzekera chochitika. Ndipo anali chaka chino unachitikira voti chake choyamba. Wapadera koposa chipani:

- boma;

- pa Bolsheviks;

- pa Mensheviks;

- Cadets.

Chisankho kwa Assembly Constituent cha 1917 anayamba ndi lokonzekera.

Kukonzekera chisankho

Pokonza oimira alipo pa nthawi magulu onse ndi mabungwe onse. The makina osindikizira kutulutsa kusindikiza amathamanga chachikulu cha mabuku, timapepala ta, zithunzi kampeni ndi zinthu zina. M'misewu inkachitikira Kafukufuku anthu ofotokoza. Imachitikanso ulaliki zosiyanasiyana dziŵani anthu ndi malamulo a ichi kapena kuti chipani.

chochitika akulonjeza kuti demokalase. Zomwe sizinali mpaka tsopano mu Russian Ufumu. Oponya mavoti akhoza kukhala nzika ya zaka 20 kapena munthu kutumikira ndi ankhondo pa zaka 18. Komanso, mu chisankho nawo akazi. Kodi anali zachilendo sindimakonda ku Russia, komanso m'mayiko ambiri. The kuchotserapo anali Denmark, New Zealand, Norway, ndipo ena States of America, pamene akazi anadziyesa ufulu wofanana ndi amuna.

voti

Chisankho kuti Assembly Constituent mu 1917 kunachitika mu siyana zingapo, zimene lidagawikana dziko. Parliamentary kuumba ndi allocated pa mlingo wa munthu kuti anthu mazana zikwi ziwiri. Kupatulapo mwina kuti Siberia. Pali mawerengedwe a zinachitikadi chifukwa cha M'modzi-m'modzi makumi asanu ndi anayi zikwi zana anthu.

Mfundo Kugwirizana, ndilo khalidwe la kusankha Assembly Constituent mu 1917, wakhala anaitenga ku Belgians. Ndipo mbali yaikulu ya dongosolo lino, ankaganiza kuti, osiyana ndi anthu ambiri, ndi kuloledwa ngakhale ochepa anthu. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, pafupi khumi ndi awiri zigawo ndi khalidwe iwo anali ataphunzitsidwa m'maboma ang'onoang'ono dongosolo majoritarian chisankho.

The Constituent Assembly chisankho cha 1917 adamangidwa November. chochitika chinatenga zosaposa masiku atatu.

zotsatira chisankho

Pakutha pa chisankho kuti Assembly Constituent mu 1917 zotsatira anasonyeza kuti SRs kutsogolera amene analandira pafupifupi 50% ya mavoti onse. Mu malo wachiwiri anali Bolsheviks. kuchuluka kwawo voti ndi chiyani musalumphe 25. pansi m'munsi anali Mensheviks ndi Cadets.

Total mavoti pafupifupi miliyoni 44,5 anthu.

Kupha Cadet Party

The Bolsheviks chopanikizika anthu sizitanthauza kuti likhale chisankho kuti Assembly Constituent mu 1917, koma anagonja kumeneko. Kuti mwanjira kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mpikisano wawo anakonza lamulo, kenako adavomereza ndi CPC ndipo limatiuza kuti Cadet Party - chipani cha adani a anthu. Pambuyo pake, cadets ndi Ankawaphwanyira ikugwirira ntchito.

Kenako, iwo anali pansi kumangidwa ndiponso kunyongedwa. Pofuna kuwathandiza akufuna kubwera kwa SRs Kumanzere, koma CPC mtu anawaletsa kuchita choncho, kunena kuti lamulo lomwelo. Kenaka anapha Kokoshkin - mtsogoleri wa Cadet Party. Constituent Assembly (1917) zinachitika popanda kukhalapo kwa Cadets. Kuwonjezera Kokoshkin, usiku womwewo anawomberedwa ndi Shingaryov wachiwiri - mtsogoleri wa Constitutional Democratic Party.

Kufalitsa Assembly Constituent, kapena "The alonda watopa"

Pambuyo mndandanda wa chokana ndi atsogoleri a zipani zina, Bolsheviks neno mokweza mu nyuzipepala. The nyuzipepala "Pravda" pa nthawi akutiuza mwatsatanetsatane za zochita za maguluwo, mamembala a Assembly Constituent (1917). Mu Russia, nyuzipepala izi watumikira kutchuka kwambiri. Kodi anadabwa pamene ntchito atsogoleri Bolshevik inafalitsidwa mu izo, kuopseza kulimbitsa mphamvu kanthu chosintha, ngati, sichidzalandiridwa anazindikira pa msonkhano.

Komabe chokumanako unachitikira. Lenin ndi kulengeza "Antchito" ndipo sanalandire kuzindikira zomwe zinachititsa kuti chakuti Bolsheviks anasiya mu ora lachitatu la usiku ndi Tauride Palace, kumene msonkhano zinachitika. Patatha ola limodzi, kenako anapuma pa ntchito ndipo SRs Kumanzere. Chipani otsala wapampando ndi Chernov, amasankhidwa ndi voti ambiri, anatenga zikalata zokhudza:

- pa dziko monga pa lamulo chuma cha boma;

- kukambirana ndi mphamvu chikumenyana;

- chilengezo cha Russia monga Democratic Republic.

Komabe, palibe zikalata awa si anatengedwa ndi Bolsheviks. Komanso, tsiku lotsatira, palibe ziwanga, iwo linagamula sanali anavomereza kuti Tauride Palace. Iwo umapita mpingo omwazika ndi yapamadzi-anarchist Zheleznyakov ndi mawu "Ine kusiya chokumanako, alonda wotopa ndipo akufuna kugona." mawuwa wakhala mbiri.

zotsatira

Ngakhalenso kusankha kwa akuluakulu kapena convening ya Msonkhano Constituent mu 1917 anabwera kanthu patsogolo. Chirichonse chinali kale anaganiza ndi Bolsheviks. Msonkhano womwewo kwambiri ndipo anavomereza ndi iwo mu zolinga za chionetsero.

zochita Komanso gulu msonkhano anabweretsa zinthu chosintha mu dziko.

Ngakhale kuti maphwando bwino-phiko la Assembly Constituent inaletsedwa, kuti cholinga cha White kayendedwe anali convening latsopano ndi kumalo a Assembly Constituent, koma osati amene anasiya yapamadzi Zhelezniak. Yoyamba (komanso ndi Qiyama) Msonkhano Constituent kwathunthu olamulidwa ndi Bolsheviks.