Mbiri ya Russian chitetezo moto. Russia Tsiku chitetezo moto

Amadziwika kuti Russia, kumene nkhalango nthawi makedzana anali waukulu zomangila, mmodzi wa ngozi zoopsa anali moto zambiri kuwononga mzinda wonse. Ndipo ngakhale iwo ankatengedwa chilango chochokera kwa Mulungu, kuti sanaletse iwo kuti atsogolere kulimbana mwachangu. Chifukwa mbiri ya dipatimenti Russian moto wolemera kwambiri ndi inayambira kumbuyo zaka.

Kuyesa kuthana ndi moto m'nthawi zakale

Monga nthawi zonse moto akhala cholepheretsa kukula kwa boma, mphamvu wapamwamba ngati n'kotheka, yesani kuchitapo kanthu. Zitsanzo za izi - kwambiri, ngakhale mu zaka za makedzana. Imodzi mwa mbiri zomwe zilipo mbiri akufotokoza mmene patapita moto zoyipa Moscow chimene chinayamba mu 1472, akulu Ivan III (agogo ake a Ivan m'khutu), anali akukhudzidwa moto kumenyana, anapereka angapo malamulo, amene Ndipotu, anayamba chitukuko moto chitetezo Russia.

Ndipo Rurik, ndipo m'malo mwake iwo Romanovs komanso anafunitsitsa kwambiri kulimbana ndi moto. Kudziwika kwa chiwerengero cha malamulo wakuuzani kumanga m'mizinda (ndi mu Moscow makamaka) nyumba mwala yekha, kumanga pa mtunda otetezeka Chrixitu ndi kukhwimitsa zonse ndi moto. Kwa amene sakuchita malamulo, anakhala woyambitsa wa masoka moto zinkaperekedwa chilango okhwima - kotero kuti sayansi wina.

Moto akale Russia

Koma ziribe kanthu momwe olakwa kumenyedwa ndi zikwapu, ziribe kanthu momwe aziwapatsa miyezi otentha chilimwe, chakudya kuphika yekha m'makhoti, osati kuti moto nyumba ya mtengo - sizinathandize. Palibe nkomwe umodzi wakale mzinda Russian, amene sanakhudzidwe moto mobwerezabwereza popanda kulipira kwawo ku phulusa, chifukwa zonse moto utumiki panalibe nthawi.

Mu Novgorod moto 1212 mu maora pang'ono kuwonongedwa mayadi 4.300, kupha kuchuluka kwa anthu. Mu 1354 anatentha Moscow. Panatenga maola awiri okha kudya lawi kuwasandutsa kusonkhezera mabwinja osati boma la Russia komanso amene akukhala naye m'ndende. Yemweyo chisoni kukumbukira ndi 1547 pamene wina tsoka moto eni Pervoprestolnoj miyoyo zikwi zingapo. Kukonza moto chitetezo Russia anali n'kofunika kwambiri za moyo ndipo anali kuyankha vuto nyengo.

Kubadwa kwa utumiki zonse moto

Chinthu chachikulu umenewu anapangidwa mu ulamuliro wa Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (bambo a Peter I). Mu 1649 adaziona kuwala Iye sanaope "Conciliar The Code" - malamulo a boma Russian, amene opareshoni pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri. Ndi atatu a nkhani zake zoyenera zokhudza moto chitetezo, osati pa mizinda ndi midzi, komanso, Chofunika, mu nkhalango.

Mu chaka chomwecho panali chikalata china chofunika - ". Lamulo la Gradskij deanery" ndi Iwo anali naye akuyamba mbiri ya chitetezo moto mu Russia, popeza n'kukulemberani kukhazikitsidwa kwa utumiki nthawi zonse tsiku ndi akatswiri omwe ogwira ntchito malipiro amodzi unakhazikitsidwa.

Monga sikukhazikitsa ntchito maola anayi, zimene zinaphatikizapo ulendo wa mizinda ndi chilango cha anthu amene amaphwanya malamulo a wolozera ndi moto. kutsogolera chinaperekedwa kwa chitukuko cha njira luso moto yimitsira - analimbikitsa ntchito moto kumenyana mipope vodopolivnye kuti akhala m'mene wa hoses ano. Choncho nthawi zonse moto utumiki mu Russia.

chitukuko moto malonda pamaso zitasintha

Ntchito wayamba ndi Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, anapitiriza ndi mwana wake - Peter I. Mu ulamuliro wake, mbiri Russia loteteza moto zafika Mkhalidwe mlingo watsopano. Kutenga chitsanzo cha atakhala moto kumenyana m'mayiko a ku Ulaya, izo kwambiri akweza zida luso ntchito Russian Anagula iwo kunja, mapampu moto, zida ndi manja chikopa ndi mizinga zamkuwa m'madzi. Mu ulamuliro wa Peter unakhazikitsidwa ku St. Petersburg Admiralty ndi dipatimenti woyamba moto. Mu Moscow, utumiki wa nthawi moto brigade inatulutsidwa mochedwa kwambiri - yekha mu 1804, ndi kuti ndi Mfumu Alexander I.

Mu ulamuliro wa lotsatira Romanova - Tsar Nicholas ine - ntchito zonse moto salinso katundu wa St. Petersburg ndi Moscow. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha chilengedwe cha dziko lonse la Russia, ndipo chikhumbo singasiyanitsidwe mzinda uliwonse umakhala mbali ya moto ndi lalitali pamwamba Watch Tower. Nthawi zambiri, nyumbayi inali yaitali kwambiri mumzindawo, ndipo iwo sukanakhoza ngakhale kunyalanyaza midzi yapafupi. Mu chochitika cha moto nsanja pamwamba anakweza Alamu mbendera, ndi pati a mumzindawo tsoka kuuzidwa mipira wapadera, kuchuluka amene anali mwachindunji njila kwa malo moto.

Mbiri ya moto chitetezo cha Russia a XIX m'ma zinali zodzaza ndi nambala amakampani ndi chilengedwe cha yopanga zipangizo wofunikila moto omenyana. Mu Moscow ndi St. Petersburg anawatengera mapampu moto ndi hoses kwa iye, lopinda makwerero ndi ngowe, ndi mkubwela kwa magalimoto choyamba - m'madera ndi Chalk, zimathandiza kuti ntchito kulimbana ndi moto.

Organization kumenyana moto pambuyo zisinthe

chidwi linaperekedwa kwa bungwe la chitetezo moto ndipo anayamba kulamulira mu 1917, boma la Bolshevik. Kale mu April chaka chotsatira, izo limafalitsa lamulo lolingana ndi amakhazikitsa malo a Commissioner wa Insurance ndi polimbana moto. Atasankhidwa kuti udindo uwu M. T. Elizarov.

Iye dziko ayenera posachedwapa kukhazikitsa miyezo zimene mwa lamulo, ndi chilengedwe cha maukonde dziko kwambiri okwerera moto. Chaka chotsatira, ndi lamulo la boma la dongosolo NKVD mu Dipatimenti chapakati moto, kuchita kuyambira kasamalidwe centralized misonkhano moto kudutsa dziko.

Moscow ndi Leningrad Conference zaumisiri

Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha chitetezo moto mu 1923. The Onse-Russian Moto Conference unachitikira mu Moscow, kulalikira, kuwonjezera pa nthumwi anafika kuchokera m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya dziko, ndi alendo ochokera Belarus, Ukraine, Azerbaijan ndi Georgia. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti msonkhano, mwapadera linaperekedwa kwa nkhani ya kupewa moto ndipo anaona yoyenera kwa wina ndi ozimitsa moto anali katswiri yoyenera.

Chotsatira zofunika polimbana ndi moto anayamba chinamasulidwa mu 1924 mu Leningrad Moto College. omaliza maphunziro ake akhala pa maziko ogwira limene Patapita zaka unakhazikitsidwa dongosolo lonselo kulamulira moto, yomwe kenako kuwonjezekeredwa ndi moto zaufulu chitetezo cha Russia. Izi watsopano, pa nthawi, kukonza anayamba kupanga ndi thandizo yogwira wa YCL ndi mabungwe ogwira ncthito.

Chopereka sayansi ndi malonda mu ntchito firefighting

Cha m'ma makumi amalandira mphamvu kwambiri kwa kupanga zoweta zida moto nkhondo. Pamodzi ndi zitsanzo zambiri za mapampu, masitepe makina ndi utsi exhausts kutuluka monga woyamba Soviet injini moto. Pakutha 1927 ku dziko la zombo zawo mayunitsi kuposa anayi. Mu mmasate anayamba kufufuza kwambiri ndi chitukuko ikuchitika makoma awiri kuyezetsa Laboratories apadera, amene ntchito omaliza analengedwa mu nthawi yomweyi ya luso la akatswiri utumiki moto.

Moto panthawi ya nkhondo

Mbiri ya moto chitetezo Russia panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri anali mmodzi wa masamba a epic amunamuna cha zaka. m'madipatimenti ozimitsa moto kupulumutsidwa ku moto achuluka zogona ndi mafakitale nyumba, zomwe akhala chandamale cha mdani ndi bomba ndi shelling. Only limodzi la Leningrad pa anatseka misewu iwo apha anthu oposa zikwi ziwiri. Osati mwangozi pa Chigonjetso perete moto magawano kuyenda Red Square mayunitsi onse nkhondo.

Limodzi mwa mavuto a moyo wamakono

Akatswiri amanenanso kuti kuchuluka kwa moto zimawonedwa ku ano, ndipo zotsatira umoyo ndi zachuma pa iwo akukhala kwambiri. Chaka chilichonse padziko lonse okhudza mamiliyoni asanu moto, amene adapha oposa zikwi zana anthu, ndi zomvetsa zinthu iwo amayezedwa mamiliyoni a madola. Akuluakulu tsoka ndi moto wolusa ali - peat ndi nkhuni, komanso kuwonekera pa mafuta mwadzidzidzi ndi mpweya zikuchitika.

Zonse izi kukakamiza akatswiri kukuza kufufuza njira yatsopano ya kulimbana moto ndi kusintha anthu alipo. Tikumbukenso kuti limeneli mwambo yaitali anayamba mu Russia. Ndi dziko lathu anali woyamba ntchito thovu moto wozimitsa luso dziko, anayamba yabwino kapangidwe hydrants, ndipo woyamba kunyamula chida moto.

Tsiku firefighters Russian

Modern moto utumiki - ndi ovuta ndiponso multifunctional dongosolo, amene ali ndi udindo kuzimitsa matumba a moto kwambiri kusinthasintha kwambiri. Monga ulamuliro, ntchito mwatsatanetsatane zimagwiridwa ndi ndodo ntchito alonda, koma nthawi zina nawo mayunitsi wapadera, womwenso uli wapadera chitetezo moto mu Russia. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula za kutanthauzira moto kuopseza zotsatira makamaka aakulu (mafuta ndi gasi zitsime, maofesi nyukiliya, zida omwetsera, ndi zina zotero).

Russia ndi kulemekeza ndi kuyamikira ndi amene amateteza moyo ndipo katundu wawo ku moto amafotokozera. Mu 1999 iye anali yolembedwa ndi lamulo la boma, umene unali holide - Tsiku la Moto Kutetezedwa Russia, chikondwerero chaka pa 30 April. Lero sanali osankhidwa ndi mwayi - anali April 30, 1649 panali zatchulidwazi "Malangizo pa Gradskij deanery", omwe anakhala tsiku la Russian moto utumiki kubadwa.