Mbiri ya kuwerenga maganizo. Njira mbiri ya zamaganizo

Mbiri ya zamaganizo amachita naye phunziro la malamulo a chitukuko cha maganizo pa psyche anthu. Phunziro la mbiri ya kuwerenga maganizo ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi nkhani ya sayansi imeneyi. Chifukwa cha ichi, iwo ayenera kusiyanitsa. Phunziro wa zamaganizo - zimagwirira izo, malamulo ndi mfundo za ntchito maganizo a anthu. Kwa nthawi yaitali sayansi anali mmodzi wa mitu ya nzeru. Ndipo ngakhale pambuyo kulekana mu nthambi osiyana chakhala nawo kugwirizana ndi nzeru za. Komanso, anakopeka ndi khalidwe la zotsatirazi: ethnography, sayansi, mankhwala, malinga ndi chikhalidwe, Chaanthu, masamu, zilankhulo, logic, luso.

Njira mbiri ya zamaganizo

njira Basic wa zamaganizo - ichi kuyezetsa, kuonetsetsa ndi kuyesera. Mu mbiri ya zamaganizo - mbiri yakale ndi zinchito, mbiri yakale komanso chibadwa, mbiri ndi autobiographical, komanso njira kufunsira ndi kusanthula mawu a maganizo. M'zaka zaposachedwapa kwambiri otchuka categorical kusanthula.

Magawo chachikulu cha mbiri ya sayansi

Mbiri ya zamaganizo ali magawo angapo a chitukuko.

1. Psychology - sayansi ya mzimu ndi moyo wa munthu. tanthauzo limeneli anapatsidwa 2 zikwi. Zaka zapitazo. Ndi pamaso pa moyo wa munthu akhambawafokotozera bzentse chinthu chachilendo. Iye anali mu zonse alipo mu dziko. Moyo anazindikira kuti ndi bungwe lokhudza yeniyeni, yomwe ufulu wodzilamulira cha thupi ndi kukonza zonse zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo zinthu. afilosofi otchuka nthawi: Socrates, Democritus, Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, Lucretius. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti munthu - izi ndi mtundu wapadera wa nkhaniyi, imene inali nyumba yaing'ono ozungulira - maatomu.

2. Psychology - sayansi ya maganizo a anthu. tanthauzo linaonekera m'zaka 17. Luso kumva, mukufuna chinachake, ndikuganiza otchedwa kuzindikira. The njira yaikulu anayamba kuonedwa kufotokoza mfundo ndi zimene ananena anthu kumbuyo. A nzeru zapamwamba otchuka nthawi - Descartes. Iye anawafotokozera mfundo za moyo ndi thupi, ndi maziko prichinnostnoy (deterministic) Khalidwe lingaliro. Kugwirizanitsa thupi ndi moyo anayesa nzeru zapamwamba Spinoza. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti njira zoterozo mu kuwerenga maganizo amalola yokhudza zochitika maganizo ndi ndendende Kudziwa chomwecho ndi olondola, monga kuphunzira kali ndi malire Masamu a. Mbiri ya Psychology ali zambiri mayina chachikulu: Leibniz (anatulukira mfundo maganizo atakomoka), Wolf, J. Locke ..

3. Psychology - sayansi ya khalidwe la munthu. Zikuoneka mu zaka mazana makumi awiri. ntchito yake ndi kuyetsa ndipo ananena chakuti mungathe kuwona (khalidwe, zochita, makhalidwe). Pa zifukwa zomwezo zimene anachititsa zimenezi kapena zochita n'komwe. Pali Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa zamaganizo ngati osiyana palokha sayansi. Inali nthawi kuti sukukhalakonso kuwerenga maganizo a chikumbumtima, monga lingaliro la yowonjezera psyche anthu zinthu zimene munthu anatsimikizira zabodza. William James anayamba njira zinchito. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito njira wodzilamulira kuonerera, kudzipenda nthawi ndiponso mitundu kusankha mavuto alionse. American zamaganizo ndi wasayansi Watson analenga njira behaviorist, amene amagwiritsa njira wophunzitsa njira experimental. Watson ankakhulupirira kuti munthu ndi kutheka kuti akhoza kuphunzira kukhala bwinobwino ngati n'kotheka, lomwe limapezeka nthawi iliyonse.

Kukula kwa zamaganizo ku Russia. Mfundo

Mbiri ya zamaganizo anayamba kupanga mu Russia. Mu chisanadze chosintha ndi chisanadze nkhondo nthawi kuti ndondomeko ndi Chelpanov Bekhterev, Pavlov, Sechenov, Chelpanov Blonsky, Rubinstein, Basov, Kornilov ndi Kostyuk. Pa Chachiwiri World nkhondo anakhazikitsa Dipatimenti ya Psychology pa Moscow State University, anakhazikitsidwa mu Institute ca mabungwe odziimira nthanthi kuwerenga maganizo. Mu nthawi nkhondoyo, ndi chikoka chachikulu pa mbiriyakale ya zamaganizo anali Halperin, Smirnov, Leontiev ndi Drudge.