Wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu: malo m'mayiko ambiri. Mapangidwe wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu

Kwenikweni bwino mbiriyakale, muyenera maganizo akuimira zofuna za nyengo, mzimu wa nthawi yake ndi zilembo zazikulu. Today ife titenga ulendo pang'ono kwa akale Russia m'dziko kwabasi wa wotchedwa Galicia ndi Volyn.

Nchiyani, Russia 12-13 zaka?

Mu malo oyamba - ogaŵikana limati ang'ono omwe amakhala ndi malamulo komanso ali wolamulira lake (kalonga). chodabwitsa akutchedwa kugawikana ang'onoang'ono a Lazaro. Aliyense ukulu wa anthu kulankhula chinenero ena a chinenero cha Chirasha, potsata malo lawolawo za gawolo.

Wina chidwi chipangizo ang'onoang'ono anthu a Russia. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale kudziwa makalasi awiri - osankhika kulamulira lopangidwa ndi olemekezeka (boyars otchuka), ndi gulu la anthu wamba yozungulira. Last mwanjira nthawi zonse kunapezeka zambiri.

M'mizinda ikuluikulu, ndi kunyumba kwa gulu lina - amisiri. Anthu amenewa ali ndi luso chidwi kulenga zinthu lodalirika. Chifukwa cha iwo, anaonekera Gzhel kupenta ndi nkhuni kusema, kudziŵika kokha mu Russia komanso kunja. M'mawu ochepa chabe, tinakambirana za akale Russia, apitirize kukhala yekha mbiri ya wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu.

Dziko lapansi za thupi ukulu wa

Boma wamng'ono, chitukuko cha yomwe inayamba pa Grand Prince Roma Mstislavovich inkakhala m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Kodi madera awa? Kapangidwe unapangidwa ndi Chigalashiya, Volyn, Lutsk, Polissya, Kholmsk wa Zvenigorod ndi Terebovlya dziko. Mbalinso ya m'gawo la makono Moldova, Transcarpathia, masiketi ndi Podlasie.

Ngati masamu osiyanasiyana, m'dziko izi momveka anapanga wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu (malo ake apadera ndi maiko oyandikana a boma wamng'ono kutchulidwa m'mutu wotsatira).

Duchy Location

Mu kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa Russia kuli wina wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu. Malo Hrs cha macheza latsopano anali mwachionekere kopindulitsa. Chili mbali zitatu:

• Ndi pakati pa Europe;
• omasuka nyengo;
• nthaka yachonde, nthawizonse pyakusowa.

Malo yabwino anatanthauza ndi anansi zosiyanasiyana, koma sindizo zonse za iwo anali anzake boma wamng'ono.

Kummawa, ndi tandem wamng'ono ali ndi malire yaitali ndi Kiev ndi Turov-Pinsk ukulu. Relations pakati pa anthu a abale anali wochezeka. Koma m'mayiko kumadzulo ndi kumpoto si makamaka chopatsika boma wamng'ono. Poland ndi Lithuania nthawi zonse ankangofuna kuletsa wina wotchedwa Galicia ndi Volyn, kenako akwaniritsa m'zaka 14.

Kumwera kwa mbali boma ndi mbali ndi Golden gulu. Relations mnansi kum'mwera nthawizonse zakhala zovuta. Ichi ndi chifukwa kusiyana kwambiri chikhalidwe ndi kukhalapo kwa madera kutsutsana.

Mwachidule Chiyambi Chawo

Ukulu adanyamuka 1199, pa confluence a zinthu ziwiri. Woyamba anali tawerenga - kupeza ziwiri zotsatira m'madera zachikhalidwe zofanana (wotchedwa Galicia ndi Volyn) ndiponso oipa maiko oyandikana (Ufumu wa Poland ndi Zolotaya Orda). The chachiwiri - zikamera wa wamphamvu chithunzi ndale - Prince Roma Mstislavovich. Wolamulira wanzeru ankadziwa kuti zambiri boma, kosavuta kwa munthuyo kupewa mdani wodziwika ndi chikhalidwe pafupi mitundu gwirizana mu chikhalidwe chomwecho. lingaliro lake linapindula, ndi m'zaka za zana mochedwa 12, maphunziro atsopano.

Amene anamasuka boma achinyamata? Amtundu wa gulu Golden anatha sansani wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu. Development wa boma idatha m'ma 14 mochedwa.

olamulira anzeru

Zaka 200 aliko ya boma anapita anthu osiyana mu mphamvu. Wanzeru olamulira - ndi godsend chenicheni kwa wina wotchedwa Galicia ndi Volyn. Choncho, amene anatha kubweretsa bata ndi mtendere malowa kuleza mtima? Anthu amenewo anali ndani?

• Yaroslav Vladimirovich Osmomysl - Aroma kuloŵedwa Mstislavovich, woyamba adadza kwa gawo funso. Ndinkatha bwinobwino kukhazikitsa lokha m'kamwa mwa Danube.
• Roman Mstislavovich - combiner wotchedwa Galicia ndi Volyn.
• Daniel Romanovich Galitsky - mwana mbadwa Roma Mstislavovich. AKUBWERETSANSO pamodzi dziko la wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu.

olamulira wotsatira wa ukulu zinali zochepa amphamvu wofuna. Mu 1392, iwo unatha wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu. Akalonga sanathe kulimbana ndi adani awo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anakhala Volyn Lithuania, wotchedwa Galicia anapita ku Poland ndi Red Lazaro - Hungary.

Anthu Enieni amene analenga wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu. Akalonga, amene zikayenda bwino zafotokozedwa mu chaputala ichi anapereka kwa kulemera ndi kupambana kwa boma wamng'ono kum'mwera chakumadzulo Russia.

Relations ndi anansi ndi mfundo yachilendo

mayiko amphamvu atazunguliridwa ndi wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu. Udindo Hrs a boma wamng'ono anasonyeza mikangano ndi anansi. Chikhalidwe cha mfundo yachilendo, kwambiri amadalira inayake m'mbiri komanso wolamulira: panali kuwala kugonjetsa, analinso nthawi mgwirizano amakakamizidwa ndi Rome. Last akuyendera kuti adziteteze ku Poland.

Aroma adzagonjetsa Mstislavovich ndi Danilo Galitsky anachita boma wamng'ono ndi mmodzi wa wamphamvu ku Eastern Europe. Prince anakhala combiner anzeru mfundo yachilendo kwa Lithuania, Ufumu wa Poland ndi Hungary. Iye anatha kufalitsa chikoka cha Kyiv Lazaro mu 1202-1203 gg. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu a Kiev ndi kanthu katsalira koma kungovomereza mfumu yatsopano.

No zochepa chidwi ndi kupambana ndale Danily Galitskogo. Pamene anali mwana, pa dera la Volyn ndi wotchedwa Galicia chisokonezo. Koma ngati munthu wamkulu, wolowa wamng'ono izi mapazi a bambo wake. Pamene Danilo Romanovich anapezeka wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu. Prince kwambiri anawonjezera gawo la boma lake: linalanda kum'mawa mnansi ndi mbali ya Poland (kuphatikizapo - Lublin).

Culture wapadera

History mosakondera limasonyeza kuti aliyense boma otchuka amalenga lodalirika yake chikhalidwe. Ndi chifukwa chake ndi anthu kuzindikira izo.

makhalidwe chikhalidwe cha wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu yosiyanasiyana. Tiona zomangamanga am'midzi akale.

Stone mipingo ndi nyumba zimaonetsa ndi wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu (Novgorod lapansi anali wolemera mu nyumba womwewo). Mu 12-13 zaka TH, sukulu yapadera zomangamanga m'mayiko a wotchedwa Galicia ndi Volyn. Iye atamezedwa miyambo ya onse ojambula zithunzi Western European ndi luso sukulu Kiev. m'misili analenga ngati katswiri mapulani monga a Akukwera Cathedral mu Vladimir-Volyn ndi kachisi wa St. Panteleimon mu Galich.

Kosatha analowa mbiri ya boma chidwi kum'mwera kwa Russia - wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu (Hrs pamalo ife kale kodi mukudziwa). mtundu wina wa mbiri ndi chikhalidwe wokongola wakhala chidwi mafani kufufuza dziko.