Gastev Alex Kapitonovich: yonena ndi chithunzi

Kukhala mlakatuli wa Bolshevik nyengo, munthu wakhala mpainiya dongosolo kasamalidwe ndondomeko kupanga ndi bungwe ntchito. Anayesera kukhala chiphunzitso cha pedagogy mafakitale, zomwe kamodzi kwa nthawi zonse angaimbidwenso udindo Chotsimikizika kuwerenga maganizo.

Ndipo Gastev Alex Kapitonovich anatchuka kwambiri ndakatulo kumunda. Komanso, munthu uyu anakhala nthawi yambiri kuthandiza anthu wamba. monographs ake ambiri sayansi ndi othandizanso a Mabwana Oyang'anira Ntchito mkulu HR kuyesa nzeru bungwe mayendedwe anu. Kotero ndi ndani iye, Gastev Aleksey Kapitonovich, ndipo onse amadziwa zimenezi, anthu aluso? Taganizirani funso ili mwatsatanetsatane.

Zaka ubwana ndi unyamata

Choncho, nkhani ngwazi - Gastev Aleksey Kapitonovich. Wambiri mwachidule ichi chithunzi anthu, ndakatulo, chosintha ndi theorist wa gulu la ntchito adzakhala zothandiza osachepera maphunziro ambiri.

Iye anabadwa mu mzinda wa Suzdal. Gastev Alex Kapitonovich (tsiku lobadwa - September 26, 1882) m'banda bambo ake anamwalira, amene ankagwira ntchito mphunzitsi mu kusukulu. Iye anakhala ndi mayi ake, opha zovala kusoka, anathandiza ake adakali aang'ono kuti banja lawo silidzakhala osauka. Ndipo, ngakhale mavuto azachuma, mnyamata anali kupita ku sukulu.

The chiyembekezo chodzakhala mphunzitsi

Komanso, pakutha pa Gastev Alex Kapitonovich woyamba amapita kusukulu, ndipo anakhala wophunzira wa maphunziro luso. Mnyamata kusonyeza khama maphunziro awo, kotero iye mwayi wokhala wophunzira wa Institute ndi Moscow Aphunzitsi, ndipo anapezerapo mwayi. Komabe, m'zaka za unyamata wake anakhala chidwi kayendedwe chosintha kwambiri, kotero pamwamba sekondale, sanamalize chifukwa cha kupatulana ake kukambirana.

An adherent cha mfundo za utasintha

Pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu Gastev Alex Kapitonovich amakhala womenyera ufulu odzipereka mu moyo ndale za dziko, akuthandiza "kwakukulu kumanzere" otaya.

Iye amawonjezereka msilikali wa RSDLP lapansi. Mwachibadwa, mnyamata abwera powonekera gendarmerie ndi pansi kumangidwa ambiri ndi maulalo, akutumikira chiganizo pa Arkhangelsk, Vologda, m'chigawo Tomsk.

Pakati, iye kulumikiza ntchito anthu ogwira ntchito ku makampani mafakitale Kharkov, St. Petersburg. Mu 1906, mnyamata ayamba kulimbikitsa ndi kuthandiza ogwira ncthito kuyenda. Mpaka October kuukira boma Alexei Kapitonovich, kukhala kunyumba kwa amayi ndi m'dzikolo mopanda chilolezo, mobwerezabwereza kubisalira akuluakulu kunja, makamaka Paris.

Mu 1907 Aleksey Kapitonovich Gastev, amene yonena lili zambiri chidwi ndi chidwi, iye limodzi ndi gulu la Petrograd ogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo 'Union ndipo posakhalitsa anakhala mlembi wa Komiti Central, kukonza. Koma pambuyo zisinthe, limalimbikitsa ankatembenukira penapake zinthu zawo akatswiri.

Niva kulemba

Kumayambiriro a zaka za m'ma 20 Aleksey Kapitonovich Gastev amene chithunzi sanabadwe anaonekera womkanikizawo, akuyamba kuwulula talente a ndakatulo iyi.

kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ntchito yake, amene anaonekera m'nyuzipepala mu 1904, ankatchedwa "M'mbuyo". Iyo inali nkhani yomwe limanena za moyo zovuta Anthu andale amene anathawira ku ngodya akumidzi Mama. Patapita nthawi, anayamba kufalitsa zopereka ntchito Gasteva, yomaliza ndi imene anatuluka mu 1923 Moscow.

M'maso latsopano

Kumayambiriro 20 ntchentche Alexei Kapitonovich pang'onopang'ono masamba munda zopeka ndi ochuluka ayamba nawo mavuto a kusalumikizana ntchito. Iye amayamba ndi Kulenga kwa Institute Central, Labor (CIT) pansi mabungwe Trade ndi mwini anatsogolera chilengedwe chake.

Ndi zikomo dongosolo lino Gasteva zotheka kuti akhazikitse ake onse, anauyamba monographs ndi sayansi. Pa nthawi imeneyo, iye anatsogolera CIT, kunachitika kale anali wokhoza kuphunzitsa luso lake, masauzande ogwira, ndipo maganizo a atsogoleri mabizinezi, akhala woyenera akatswiri awo.

Mbiri ya bungwe, mutu umene unali Aleksey Gastev, anayamba kufalitsa ndi liwiro lalikulu, ndipo posakhalitsa QUO aphunzitsi anayamba kukulangiza ndodo mu zigawo yakutali wa USSR.

nkhani apakhungu a mayendedwe

Mwachibadwa, mu 30s panali zolakwika kwambiri kachitidwe ka bungwe ntchito mabizinezi Soviet.

Monga iwo ndi tcheru Gastev Alex Kapitonovich. "Kodi ine ntchito?" - ili ndi dzina la ntchito ya sayansi wodzipereka kwa Kulinganiza mayendedwe. Mlembi ananena kuti anthu ntchito poyamba sankadziwa mmene ntchito m'magulu, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatsutsa kumvera munthu amene waima pamwamba makwerero.

Ndipo, ndithudi, nthawi zina wantchitoyo anyalanyaza wotsogolera Wochokera kumwamba, wosapenya chirichonse cholakwika ndi izo. Ikufotokoza nkhani zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane Gastev, ndipo ikusonyeza kumapeto, pambuyo kuwerenga mabuku, munthu akufuna kukhala wamkulu ndi ntchito malangizo.

"Kucoka kupando chiwerewere - muzu wa zoipa"

wolemba amakhulupirira, pa chitukuko cha mafakitale ayenera kusintha chikhalidwe. Ndipo maphunziro chikhalidwe sadzakhala chitukuko ngati palibe athane ndi "mowiriza chiwerewere" ndipo amakhala mu chikhalidwe tsiku ndi tsiku malamulo anthu, limene zonse ulamuliro wa kudya zakudya zopatsa nthanzi ndi zina mapulani tsiku. Koma izi si zokwanira vutoli.

M'pofunika patsogolo umoyo maganizo m'banja anthu kuti adzalola munthu kulamulira khalidwe ndi maganizo awo.

"Taphunzira Maganizo"

Mu 1924 anafalitsa china chofunika ntchito Gasteva. Iyo imatchedwa "ntchito maganizo." Mu monograph izi Alex Kapitonovich kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane maphunziro njira chiphunzitso ntchito QUO.

chiphunzitso sayansi wakhala precondition kwa chilengedwe cha mfundo ano maganizo Taphunzira. Gastev lofalitsidwa malangizo zingapo yokonza osiyanasiyana akatswiri, kuphatikizapo: makaniko, ntchito nsalu, zamagetsi, wosula, aviator, Turner. Mu ku phunzira kwao, cholinga chimene chinali kukonzekera ntchito, Alexei Kapitonovich njira zachititsa kuti anthu kuphunzira kuyenda mu ntchito ya ntchito inayake.

Monga chida cha kuwunika, iye anasankha tsiklografiyu (zochepa chabe kwa zinthu zina za ziwalo zoyenda nawo ntchito). Kukhala akwaniritsa bwino kafukufuku, anasamukira lonse akatswiri kukonzanso maphunziro, kukhazikitsa cholinga ichi kampani malonda "kukhazikitsa". Kwambiri zinachitikira chisanadze nkhondo ndi zaka positi-mafakitale, kupita kudziko lina kwa ogwira ntchito zapamwamba, kuthandiza wasayansi ziri opangidwa chiphunzitso cha sayansi Labor Organization (kutoma) mfundo zomwe ayamba ngakhale United States.

Koma akuluakulu Soviet ankakayikira mfundo Taphunzira Gasteva, ndi kafukufuku wa sayansi, monga kuzikwaniritsa angapo monographs, iwo anzawo.

Kumayambiriro 30 ntchentche Alexei Kapitonovich anakhala mkonzi wamkulu wa magazini "Bulletin wa Standardization". Komanso anagwira kulisindikiza "Kuika ogwira ntchito" ndi "gulu la ntchito".

Wasayansi anayesa amaonera zinthu mwakuya. Ntchito zawo sayansi, sanalinso adza kwa zisinthe dziko ndi cosmopolitanism, izo kwambiri ndi mavuto a anthu wamba. mtengo zawo zothandiza yochuluka kwambiri, ndipo mu nthawi masiku ano.

Mu 1938, wasayansi anamangidwa pa chidzudzulo onyenga "KGB." Mu 1939 Alexey Gastev anawomberedwa.