Anali chifukwa chachikulu kulekana kwa mipingo chiyani? East-West magawano

Mpingo sizinachitikepo ogwirizana. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti ife kugwera monyanyira, nthawi zinachitikira m'mbiri ya chipembedzo. Ku New Testament tikuona kuti ophunzira a Yesu Khristu pa moyo wake anali kukangana zakuti iwo n'kofunika ndi zofunika kwambiri dera kuyambika. Awiri a iwo - Yohane ndi Yakobo - anapempha malo kumanja ndi dzanja lamanzere la Khristu mu Ufumu kudza. Atamwalira tate wa, chinthu choyamba chimene anayamba Akristu - m'magulu osiyana otsutsanawa. Buku la Machitidwe ndi makalata a Atumwi ndi lipoti atumwi zambiri zonyenga, osokonezeka, za amene anatuluka pakati pa Akhristu woyamba, maziko dera lake. Kumene, iwo akufuna pa olemba a malemba New Testament ndi madera awo mu njira yomweyo - ngati dera achikunja ndi schismatic. N'chifukwa chiyani zimenezi ndi zimene anali chinthu chachikulu chomwe kulekana kwa mipingo?

nthawi Ante-Nicene Church

Icho chinali Chikhristu pamaso pa zaka 325, timadziŵa zochepa kwambiri. Koma tikudziwa kuti izi panopa umesiya mkati Chiyuda, omwe anali kuyamba ndi mlaliki woyendayenda wina dzina lake Yesu. chiphunzitso chake anakanidwa ndi Ayuda ambiri, ndiponso Yesu adapachikidwa. A otsatira ochepa Komabe, anati, kuti, Wauka kwa akufa ndi kudzitcha kuti iye ndi Mesiya wolonjezedwa ndi aneneri a Tanakh, ndi amene anadza kudzapulumutsa dziko. Kungowerenga okwana kukana mwa dziko lawo, akufalitsa uthenga wake kwa amitundu, amene anapezeka otsatira ambiri.

The gulu loyamba pakati pa Akhristu

Mu njira ya ntchito, ndipo ndinali woyamba East-West magawano. Kusiya kwa ulaliki, atumwi ayi Kwalamulidwa chiphunzitso codified ndi mfundo za kulalikira. Choncho, iwo analalikira osiyana, mfundo zosiyanasiyana Khristu ndi lingaliro la chipulumutso nayikapo maudindo osiyana chikumbumtima ndi chipembedzo otembenuzidwa latsopano. Ena mwa iwo anakakamizika Akhristu a mitundu ina kuti adulidwe, kusunga malamulo a kashrut, kusunga Loweruka ndi kuchita malamulo ena a chilamulo cha Mose. Komabe, ena zimafika zofunika zonse Old Testament osati osapembedza wotembenuka kumene, komanso okha. Komanso, munthu waganiza Khristu monga Mesiya, mneneri, koma munthu, ndipo munthu ali kutipatsa Umulungu. Posakhalitsa anafika mapangidwe miyambo n'ngwokayikitsa, monga a kwachiyero CHAKUBADWA, nkhani za zochitika za ubwana wake, ndi ena. Kuwonjezera pa zosiyanasiyana akuti ndi kupulumutsa udindo wa Khristu. Zonsezi zapangitsa kutsutsana ndithu ndi mkangano mkati mwa Akhristu oyambirira ndi anayambitsa East-West magawano.

Ku Chipangano Chatsopano kuoneka bwino kusiyana maganizo ofanana (mpaka kusiyiratu tonse mzake) pakati pa mtumwi Petro, Yakobo ndi Paulo. asayansi amakono kufufuza mipingo kulekana olekanitsidwa panthawi imeneyi nthambi zikuluzikulu zinayi Mkhristu. Kuwonjezera pa atatu atsogoleri tangotchulawo iwo kuwonjezera nthambi ya John - monga osiyana ndi ufulu wodzilamulira mgwirizano wa m'madera. Zonsezi ndi zachilengedwe kuganizira kuti Khristu sanatisiye kazembeyo, aliyense m'malo ndi sanapereke malangizo alionse othandiza pa gulu la mpingo wa okhulupirika. madera atsopano anali kwathunthu palokha phunziro kokha ulamuliro wa mlaliki ndi woyambitsa wa atsogoleri awo osankhidwa mkati. Theology, chipembedzo ndi miyambo anali uliwonse m'dera wosadalira. Choncho, kulekana kwa zochititsa pano mu Akhristu kuyambira pa chiyambi anali makamaka chiphunzitso m'chilengedwe.

Poslenikeysky nthawi

Pambuyo Mfumu Constantine mtchatho Chikhristu, ndipo makamaka chaka 325, pamene woyamba Council Zazipembedzo ku Nicaea, wakhala akuchitira cokoma chipani chikale kwenikweni ali odzipereka kwambiri kwa ena a Akhristu oyambirira. Amene anatsalira, kulengeza ampatuko ndipo akhala akuletsedwa. atsogoleri a chikhristu mu nkhope ya mabishopu analandira udindo wa atsogoleri a boma ndi mavuto malamulo a udindo wake watsopano. Chifukwa, mu mtima wonse funso linauka kapangidwe ka boma ndi kasamalidwe ka Mpingo. , The poslenikeyskom Chikhristu anawonjezera cholinga china chofunika ngati mu nthawi yapita anali zifukwa kulekana kwa mpingo chiphunzitso zikuyenela - ndale. Choncho, kuseri kwa mpanda mpingo akanakhoza kutsimikizira kuti kafolik wopembedza, amene anakana kumvera bishopu wake, kapena abishopu, sakudziwika ngati ulamuliro ndi malamulo pa Mwachitsanzo, oyandikana mumzinda uliwonse.

Kupatukana nthawi poslenikeyskogo

Ife kale anapeza kuti zinali chifukwa chachikulu cha kulekana kwa mipingo nthawi imeneyi. Komabe, atsogoleri zambiri ayesa kujambula zolinga ndale kamvekedwe chiphunzitso. Choncho, nthawi imeneyi amapereka zitsanzo zochepa za zovuta kwambiri amang'amba chikhalidwe - Visigoths (dzina la mtsogoleri wake, wansembe Arius), Nestorius (dzina la tate wa - mbadwa Nestorius), Monophysite (dzina la chiphunzitso cha chikhalidwe umodzi mwa Khristu) ndi ena ambiri.

The magawano Great

The kugawanika kwambiri mu mbiri ya Chikhristu kwachitika kumayambiriro kwa zaka yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. United ndigwira chikale Katolika mu 1054 unagawidwa pawiri palokha - kum'mawa, tsopano akutchedwa mpingo Orthodox, ndi kumadzulo, lotchedwa Roma Katolika.

The zifukwa kugawanika mu 1054

Mwachidule, chifukwa chachikulu kulekana kwa mpingo 1054 - andale. chakuti Roma pa nthawi imene anali magawo awiri paokha. kum'mawa kwa ufumu - Byzantium - malamulo a Kaisara, inkakhala ndi likulu inali ku Constantinople. Mfumu analinso mutu wa mpingo. Western Ufumu kwenikweni akulamulira bishopu wa ku Roma, anaikira mu manja ake, mphamvu kusukulu ndiponso wauzimu, ndi kuwonjezera, amanena boma ndi mipingo Byzantine. Pa mfundo imeneyi, ndithudi, posakhalitsa adanyamuka mikangano ndi kusamvana, anapereka angapo zodzinenera mpingo wina ndi mzake. Zing'onozing'ono zoona, chicanery wafunsira nkhondoyi chibwana.

Pambuyo pake, mu 1053 mipingo yonse ya Latin mwambo anatsekedwa mwa dongosolo la kholo la Constantinople Mihaila Kerulariya. Poyankha, Papa Leo IX anatumizidwa ku likulu la ofesiyo Byzantine lotsogoleredwa ndi Cardinal Humbert, amene anachotsedwa mpingo wa Michael. Ataona zimenezi, mabishopu, anasonkhana Cathedral ndi matanthauzo anathematized papa kazembe. Pamene analandira chithandizo pang'ono, ndi ubwenzi yapakati-mpingo anapitiriza kudacita. Koma zaka makumi awiri kenako, chinali pachiyambi nkhondo zazing'ono anali anazindikira kuti kugawanika zenizeni za Mpingo wa Chikhristu.

kukonzanso

Lotsatira lalikulu magawano mu Chikhristu, ndi zikamera wa Chiprotestanti. Izo zinachitika mu zaka 30 za m'ma XVI pamene mmonke German wa Ogasitiniani Order anapandukira ulamuliro wa bishopu wa ku Roma, namuuza kutsutsa angapo ziphunzitso, chilango, chikumbumtima ndi zina chakudya cha Katolika. Kodi chifukwa chachikulu kulekana kwa mipingo mu mphindi ino - ndi wovuta kuyankha mosapita m'mbali. Lutera anali kukhulupirira Mkhristu, ndipo iye cholinga chachikulu chinali nkhondo chiyero cha chikhulupiriro.

Kumene, gulu lake anakhala mphamvu yandale ndi yomasulira mipingo German ku mphamvu ya Papa. Ndipo uyu, nayenso anabweretsa mkono boma, salinso analimbikitsa zofunikira za Rome. Pa zifukwa zomwezo, Achiprotestanti anapitiriza kugawidwa pakati pawo. mofulumira kwambiri, m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya anayamba kuoneka wa mfundo zawo a Chiprotestanti. Mpingo wa Katolika anayamba osokoneza pa matabwa a - m'mayiko ambiri alibe chidwi ndi kanjira cha mphamvu ya Rome, pamene ena anali pafupi izo. Aprotestanti okha pa nthawi yomweyo alibe ulamuliro umodzi wauzimu, limodzi likulu, ndipo zofanana ndi chisokonezeko gulu la Akhristu oyambirira. N'chimodzimodzi anati mu malo awo lero.

amang'amba zamakono

Kodi chifukwa chachikulu kulekana kwa mipingo mu nthawi yakale, tapeza kunja. Kodi chimachitika ndi Chikhristu pankhaniyi lero? Choyamba, izo ziyenera kuti magawano kwambiri kuyambira Reformation salinso uka. Mipingo yomwe ilipo kupitiriza kugawidwa ofanana ndi mnzake mu magulu ang'onoang'ono. Pakati pa Orthodox Old Okhulupirira titero, Old Calendar ndi mandawo amang'amba, Mpingo wa Katolika nawonso anapambulwa magulu ena, ndipo nthawi aswe Achiprotestanti, kuyambira penipeni. Masiku ano, nambala ya Protestant zipembedzo - kuposa zikwi makumi awiri. Komabe, siyachilendo sanawonekere, kupatula mabungwe angapo poluhristianskih ngati Mormon Church ndi Mboni za Yehova.

Nkofunika kuzindikira kuti, Choyamba, lero ambiri mipingo si ogwirizana ndi ndale, ndi wosiyana boma. Ndipo kachiwiri, pali kayendedwe zipembedzo, amene amafuna kubweretsa pamodzi, ngati mulibe zimagwirizizirana mipingo yosiyanasiyana. Pansi pa zikhalidwe izi, chifukwa chachikulu cha kulekana kwa mipingo - mfundo. Masiku ano, anthu ochepa kwambiri reconsidering mbalume, koma kumveka yaikulu kulandira magalimoto kudzozedwa akazi, gay mu ukwati ukwati, etc. Poyankha izi, ndipo gulu lililonse ndi losiyana ndi mzake, agwilitse malo ake mfundo kusunga lonse motsimikiza zili Chikhristu wawo.