Chitibeta kudziyimira pawokha Xizang kapena Chinese monga iwo ukutchedwa, ndi chachitatu yaikulu m'dera la PRC. Likulu mbiri ya Tibet - Lhasa. Kudziyimira pawokha lili pamwamba pa nyanja pa za Chitibeta Plateau, lalikulu ndi lalitali kwambiri dziko. Choncho anayambitsa mitsinje lalikulu la India ndi China - Indus, Brahmaputra, Salween, Mekong, Yangtze, ndi Yellow Mtsinje. Zosakuluwika, zachilendo ndiponso zodabwitsa Tibet - malo apaulendo kufika boma la catharsis wauzimu. Ndi otchuka, wokongola, sikutheka kuiwala.
dziko lapadera
kutchuka Travel Tibet n'ngozikidwa pa mbiri yakale ake, chipembedzo - osadziwa zambiri zofunika za boma, sikutheka kutha kusangalala kukongola kwa chilengedwe chake ndi zomangamanga. Zonse zinalengedwa mwa mphamvu zopangidwa ndi apamwamba amapereka dziko kosangalatsa.
More kapena zochepa zolondola deta amasonyeza pakutchulidwa wa dziko loyamba m'chigwa Chitibeta Yarlung Mtsinje (choncho dzina la mafumu kulamulira - Yarlung) mu III m'ma AD. Kale kuyambira m'zaka VII, mbiri ya Tibet akuchonderera yeniyeni mayina, kanjedza, mfundo. Kuyambira nthawi lino tsiku anasunga zidutswa choyambirira m'gulu kamangidwe ka mchitidwe wotchuka. Nthawi ndi nkhondo sanalekerere yomanga wapadera chikhalidwe wapadera. Koma kubwezeretsedwa, iwo zimakopa alendo ndi wogonera padziko lonse. Zovuta, amene ali ndi wonyada likulu la Tibet, ndi pansi pa chitetezero cha UNESCO. The m'maganizo chikhalidwe Chitibeta ndi chikhulupiriro anafotokoza osati kupeza zovuta ndi kutsekedwa kwa dziko lakunja, komanso zinthu Kupititsa - Tibet malire pa dziko unspoilt monga India, Nepal ndi China. Mbiri yakale, kuti iye anali kalekale pansi pa mphamvu ya Mongolia.
Great Chitibeta mfumu
Dziko lililonse m'dziko linakhalapo akhala mtsogoleri wamphamvu, umunthu yowala. State muulamuliro wake asangalala, kukodzedwa, zinadziwika wamphamvu kwambiri m'derali. M'zaka za m'ma VII BC ku Tibet anaonekera anzeru wolamulira Songtsen Gampo (604-650 zaka). Iye ogwirizana mu ulamuliro olekanitsidwa dera lake. akazi ake awiri, Chinese ndi Nepalese mafumu, anabweretsa mu dziko, pamodzi ndi zifaniziro za Buddha, kwa iwo mu malowolo yokha Chibuda. Kukangana ndi aneba, kukhala kunyumba kwa kanthawi kuchepa. Mothandizidwa ndi akazi awo - mkazi Chinese Wencheng ndi Nepalese Bhrikuti anali kusandulika pambuyo pa Green ndi White Tara, mulungu wamkazi chachikulu cha Chibuda, likulu Tibet linasamutsidwira Lhasa (Chitibeta - "mokhalamo wa milungu" kapena "malo Mulungu"), amene anatembenuka pa dera mu phata la Chibuda. Awiri zifaniziro za wolamulira mu Lhasa akachisi awiri adamangidwa - ndi Jokhang ndi Ramoche. Mobwerezabwereza adasandulika, alipo tsopano ndipo akuimira VII atumwi. Komanso, atasankha Red Mountain, Songtsen Gampo anamanga pa izo zisanu ndi zinayi 999 zipinda nyumba, umene wakhala anapulumuka phanga, kumene wolamulira akusinkhasinkha payekha. nkhosa la alendo amene akufuna kumva nzeru za mibadwo ndi kusangalala ndi kupambana kwa mzimu.
nkhondo ya zipembedzo
Tsopano pa mfundo iyi paima lodziwika bwino Potala. nyumba atatu awa ali mbali ya zovuta, amene ali pansi pa tutelage la UNESCO. Likulu la Tibet, Lhasa zaka 250 pambuyo pa imfa ya Songtsen Gampo anali munthu wolimbikira kwambiri za Yarlung mafumu. Koma Chibuda anali wotchuka kuno pakati yaing'ono lolemera strata, pamene namtindi wa Tibetans anali Bon pa chikhulupiriro cha makolo awo. Kusiyana kwa zipembedzo ndi chinali chifukwa chachikulu kugwa kwa centralized boma Chitibeta. Komabe, Chibuda M'malo mwake, anayamba ndi anthu ambiri, kukhala zatsopano chosiyana. Ku Ulaya chiphunzitso ichi mbe pansi pa dzina la Lamaism, kuimira interweaving nzeru za Chibuda ndipo amakhulupirira matsenga mwachinsinsi. Iwo amachitcha icho ngakhale Chitibeta-Mongolian mawonekedwe Mahayana, nthambi kumpoto kwa Chibuda, kapena maonekedwe ake ina.
Nthawi madera awa Chibuda
Lamaism monga mawonekedwe boma ndi zampingo dziko, kutsogozedwa ndi wansembe, anatchula Umo monga wotchedwa Dalai Lama. likulu Tibet cha m'ma XIII - ndi linga lolimba kwa Lamaism, amene analowa m'madera osiyana Mongolia, Nepal, India ndi China.
Chibuda ku Tibet kupeza kutchuka poyambilira kudzera yomanga mchitidwe achipembedzo, woyamba wa iwo anali Samye. Linamangidwa mu 770 ndi khama trisong detsen, 38 Mfumu ya Tibet. Kenako, ndiye likulu la Tibet anataya mtengo wa mzinda waukulu wa boma. Ngakhale lero, malo awa ndi imodzi mwa mfundo zikuluzikulu ndi njira wotchuka alendo.
Chitsitsimutso pambuyo nkhondo Mongol
M'zaka za m'ma XI dziko anayamba kutsitsimutsa, koma mwalowa pa m'gawo lake mu 1239 asilikaliwa anawononga ambiri mchitidwe. M'kupita kwa nthawi, ndi agonjetsi amene anadzakhala kuno, anatengera Chibuda. Ndipo pamene mu 1350 ndi mmonke Jangchub Gyaltsen (woyamba Sakya kusukulu wophunzira) anayamba kuchira iwo, mofunitsitsa anamuthandiza. Mu XIV mochedwa - oyambirira XV zaka Tibet akuyamba anthu ambiri ndi kuonjezera kukopa kwake Gelugpa sukulu (oona). Iwo anamanga mchitidwe umenewu wa Ganden, Drepung ndi Sera kukhala malo a Haji. Mzinda wa Lhasa, likulu la Tibet ya kumapiri, akukhala pakati pa chipembedzo chatsopano uyambike ndi kuyanga limene kwambiri anapanga V wotchedwa Dalai Lama, Ngawang Lobsang ndi dzina Gyatso, Wamkulu (1617-1682 gg.). Tikayang'ana mawu "wamkulu", inu mukhoza kulingalira mmene iye wachitira Tibet. Pa malo yapsya chifukwa cha mphezi anagunda yachifumu pa Red Mountain, anayamba kumanga ngale ya zomangamanga mdziko - ndi Potala Palace, umene ukuyenera kukhala dongosolo, ndi okhala nyama ndi malo awo m'manda. Pakali pano, nyumba yachifumu ndi wakuti Tibet, chizindikiro chawo.
lodziwika bwino Palace
Potala - phiri South India. Malinga ndi nthano M'buda, amakhala pa izo Avalokiteshvara (Chenrezig), amene anabwera lonse anthu Chitibeta. Wotchedwa Dalai Lama - umunthu padziko lapansi Bodhisattva. Ndipo, ndithudi, Potala Palace anaitanidwa, ndipo anakhala mpando wa mkulu wachipembedzo wa Tibet mpaka 1950, pamene asilikali Chinese wotanganidwa Tibet ndi XIV wotchedwa Dalai Lama anakakamizika kupita ku ukapolo ku India. malo atsopano anayamba kumanga mu ulamuliro wa wotchedwa Dalai Lama V, mu 1645, pa malo pafupi ndi 9-storey Nyumbayi Songtsen Gampo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo nyumba yachifumu waliteteza yekha phanga lodziwika bwino kwa Fa-Wan, kumene, 33 Mfumu Yaikulu ya Tibet, kuwerenga malemba opatulika. Kapangidwe wapadera pamwamba pa phiri liri ngati kutambasuka kwa iye, anatambasula kumwamba. Tsopano awiri kamvekedwe wokongola anatengedwa kukuteteza (ndi kunyumba ndi agulupa ochepa) ndi mbiri yakale ndi mapulani chipilala kuti akutumikira makamaka kukopa alendo Tibet. Lhasa, lotseguka kwa anthu kokha mu 1980, ali otchuka alendo kopita.
China akuchita chirichonse kuonjezera otaya la alendo
China Tourism amamangirira zofunika kwambiri. Wapadera Chitibeta kudziyimira pawokha, lomwe likulu lake la Lhasa - chuma chimene chimakhala Mecca alendo. Kumene, otsegulidwa kwa anthu onse atangomwalira, Tibet kalekale ndithu si onse likulu. Palibe chotero zomangamanga wamphamvu anaikira pakutuluka alendo, monga Mwachitsanzo, mu Switzerland - wamkulu pakati achisangalalo a dziko. Koma popeza nthawi anataya msanga. Kale Lhasa, likulu mbiri ya Tibet, ali alendo maofesi lolingana bwino mfundo dziko. Pali zingapo apamwamba nyenyezi zisanu Map, zabwino 296 alipo lero mu likulu la Tibet. Izi Shangri-La, amene mamita 700 okha ku nyumba yachifumu Norbulingka ndi Tibet Museum. Izi Pambuyo pa St. modabwitsa wokongola Regis Lhasa Amachita. Osati wolephera iwo Shambhala Palace ndi Tashitakge Hotel.
Ulendo wa ku Tibet alipo ambiri
Koma "zabwino kwambiri" hotelo maofesi, yomwe ili pakati pa mzinda, mwa kuyenda mtunda wa zokopa zonse zikuluzikulu Lhasa. Dongosolo lonse la zokopa alendo ku Tibet lakonzedwa opanda pake. Pali mahotela ndi mitengo yotsika mtengo kwambiri, komanso ndi dongosolo kusintha phindu, monga mavocha chakudya, free Kulipira kuchotsera kusungitsa pa matikiti ndege ndi zina zambiri. The ambirimbiri ogona ndi kuonera kwambiri ndi ndemanga zabwino. Tsopano Lhasa ndi dzina - "mzinda Map". Koma mzinda uwu ndi zokopa wapadera. Zikuphatikizapo Potala Palace ndi Jokhang Temple Street Berkhor ndi mchitidwe umenewu wa Drepung, Sera, Ganden, ndi Trugo kunyumba Tsanggu. List of zokopa zazikulu kukhala zosatha popanda malo Pabongka ndi manda a oyambirira mafumu Chitibeta.