Listeriosis - ndichiyani? Listeriosis - Zizindikiro, Chithandizo, Prevention

Ndithu matenda masiku ano ankaona listeriosis. Ndi chiyani icho? Ndi palibe chinsinsi kuti matenda ndi choopsa kwambiri. Koma kodi chifukwa chake? Kodi zizindikiro zazikulu limodzi ndi? Kodi pali njira zothandiza mankhwala ndi kupewa? Kodi n'zotheka mwanjira kudziteteza? Mfundozi adzakhala zothandiza aliyense.

Listeriosis - ndichiyani?

Listeriosis ndi matenda opatsirana. Mankhwala amadziwika pansi mayina osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo nevrellez, matenda mtsinje wa Tigirisi, listerellez ndi zina zotero. D. Kuyenera kudziŵika kuti pamene ngati matenda matenda makamaka umakhudza dongosolo lymphatic ndi minofu mantha.

Nthumwi woyamba wa matenda limafotokonzera 1911 ndi S. Halfesom. Mu 1926, asayansi pa Cambridge University (kafukufuku lotsogoleredwa ndi J. Murray) anali oyamba kuzindikira wothandizila causative minofu, kunyamula odwala nkhumba mbira ndi akalulu.

Kale mu 1927 Ine akufuna dzina Piri apeza gulu la tizilombo Listeria (Listeria) mwa kulemekeza wasayansi D. Lister, amene anaphunzirapo chikhalidwe cha matenda South Africa. Ndipo kale mu 1929, tizilomboto anali olekanitsidwa minofu anthu.

Kufotokoza mwa chidule za tizilomboto pa

Listeria - mabakiteriya ndodo woboola pakati, limene ndi gulu la anaerobes facultative. Tikumbukenso kuti chamoyo kugonjetsedwa kwa malo akunja. Listeria amatha kuchulukana mu madzi mu nthaka ndi zomera kapena cadavers nyama zakufa. mabakiteriya izi mosavuta kulekerera yozizira koopsa. Ngakhale pansi dzuwa Listeria akhoza kusunga luso ndi luso moyo kwa masabata awiri.

kufala njira

Kumene, nkhani ya kufala kwa matenda chibwenzi mokwanira zogwirizana. Monga tanenera kale, Listeria - tizilombo mwachilungamo khola kuti kupulumuka kunja khamu kwa nthawi yaitali.

Kodi inuyo kutenga matenda? Ndipotu njira za matenda angakhale osiyana - ndi kutsitsi, ndi fecal-m'kamwa, ndi transplacental. Gwero la tizilomboto ndi matenda munthu, monga mabakiteriya ndi excreted ndi chimbudzi, malovu, umuna ndi madzi ena. Ndipo zotheka kufala kwa matenda kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana woyembekezera, yobereka kapena yoyamwitsa.

Komabe, nthawi zambiri, matenda akupezeka ntchito nyama kapena muli nyama odwala. Ndipotu, nyama listeriosis si zachilendo. The matenda ukhoza kugwera mu thupi lawo, ngakhale ndi madzi. Kwambiri atengeke nkhuku matenda ndi zinyama, nthawi zambiri onyamula listeria ndi nyama zolusa (raccoons, makoswe, nkhandwe, hoofed nyama), komanso nsomba.

Komano, matenda a thupi la munthu kumachitika nthawi ingestion wa madzi oipa kapena osasamba masamba atsopano ndi zipatso.

Kodi pali ngozi iliyonse?

Mwakucimbidza Dziwani kuti matenda anali atazindikira mwa mayiko onse a ku Ulaya ndipo, ndithudi, zachilendo m'mayiko ena. Mu yachibadwa thupi la thanzi sachita chidwi kwambiri zosiyanasiyana matenda. Komabe, gulu chiopsezo pazikhalanso anthu ntchito m'munda wa ulimi nyama.

Komanso, mu nkhani iyi ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi. Listeriosis anthu ndi kusanduka kukana amawapeza zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kwa mtundu uwu matenda ndi akazi atengeke pakati, makanda ndi okalamba. Zifukwa mulinso pamaso khansa, shuga, kapena zotupa a dongosolo excretory. Ena mankhwala kupondereza ntchito ya chitetezo mukhoza kuwonjezera chiwopsezo kuti Listeria. Ndipo komabe ali pangozi odwala immunocompromised.

Mwa njira, asanazolowere matenda izi kubala - wina achire munthu akhoza kachilomboko kachiwiri.

Chithunzi matenda ndi pathogenesis

Listeria tikalowa m'thupi mwa nembanemba mucous pa mundawo m'mimba, osachepera - kudzera ming'alu pakhungu. Choncho tizilombo pamodzi ndi magazi ingafalire thupi lonse. Nthawi zambiri, iwo waikamo mu mwanabele, pamene iwo anayamba zikupitiriza mwachangu, imbaenda kutupa.

Mwa njira, Listeria amatha kulowa mkati maselo oyera macrophage. Iwo masked kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi ndi kukhala Anachita mankhwala. M'munda wa kukula yogwira mabakiteriya analenga wotchedwa listeriomy amene ali necrotic tinatake tozungulira. Nthawi zina, necrosis yaikulu kumabweretsa chitukuko cha sepsis. Komanso, Listeria zambiri adzabwere wamanjenje dongosolo, imbaenda zotsatira zowawa.

Listeriosis: Zizindikiro anthu

Kodi kudziwa kuli ngati matenda? Kodi kusintha mu thupi limene chiyenera kupangitsa nkhawa? Mwakucimbidza Dziwani kuti nthawi makulitsidwe chimakhala cha masiku 3 mpaka 45, kenako amayamba kusonyeza listeriosis. Zizindikiro anthu zimadalira kwenikweni ziwalo amakhudzidwa ndi mabakiteriya. Pakali pano, pali njira zikuluzikulu za matendawa.

• mawonekedwe Anginal-septic wa mankhwala akuti ndi ambiri. Mu masiteji yoyamba ya chithunzi matenda akufanana ndi angina mwachizolowezi. Redness ndi edema kummero. Odwala amadandaula ululu pamene Pomeza. Munthu angathe kusunga kuwonjezeka odwala ndi pafupi lymph mfundo. Komanso, pali, ndi zizindikiro zazikulu kuledzera - malungo (nthawi zina 40-41 madigiri), kupweteka kwa mutu, kutopa, kupweteka, kuzizira. Popeza mankhwala zikhoza necrosis. Ndipo matenda ingafalire kuti chapakati mantha dongosolo dongosolo.
• woopsa kwambiri ndi mantha listeriosis. Zizindikiro Pankhaniyi amafanana ndi chithunzi matenda ndi matenda oumitsa khosi, meningoencephalitis ndi abscesses. Oumitsa khosi limodzi ndi mutu kwambiri, kusanza, kupweteka, kuona zilubwelubwe, chinthu chimodzimodzi minofu khosi. Meningoencephalitis pamene wodwala ali ndi zizindikiro zina, kuphatikizapo ptosis (kuŵeramitsa) wa zikope ndi anikozoriyu (ziwalo kukula kwa mmodzi wa ana a).
• Pa ana akhanda ana HIV amachitiridwa kukhala septic granulomatous listeriosis. Zizindikiro osiyanasiyana ake - malungo, kupweteka, kuwonongeka kwa wamanjenje dongosolo ziwalo, zotupa pa khungu, etc. Nthawi zambiri, matenda amakhudza osati kokha mantha, komanso kupuma ndipo mtima dongosolo ... Pafupipafupi Vuto la mawonekedwe matenda ndi purulent pleurisy ndi chibayo.
• Pali ndi matenda maso glandular kuti mankhwala amakono ali osowa ndithu. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu uwu matenda akufotokozera mu mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi nyama yowola. Chithunzi matenda Pankhaniyi akufanana purulent conjunctivitis. Limodzi ndi matenda a mucous nembanemba kutupa cha maso, kutupa, redness ndi maonekedwe a mvula mafinya. Nthawi zambiri odwala amadandaula kuyabwa kwambiri, moto ndipo ngakhale kupweteka maso. Mbali chosiyana zikuphatikizapo kuwonjezeka amphamvu kutentha ndi kukhalapo zizindikiro poizoni, imene conjunctivitis wamba ayi chionetsedwe. Komanso, n'zotheka kuona kuwonjezeka mu pafupi mwanabele.

Mulimonsemo, ama listeriosis mulole dokotala yekha. Choncho, kuoneka zizindikiro woyamba afunefune thandizo la dokotala.

njira zamakono za matenda

Ndipotu, pali matenda ambiri kuti zizindikiro zawo amafanana Listeria. Kodi izo ndi zomwe malamulo a matenda masiyanidwe? Mwachitsanzo, zina, matenda opatsirana akufanana mononucleosis ndi zilonda zapakhosi, komanso matenda osiyanasiyana tizilombo kupuma.

Mbiri ya matenda, ndithudi, akuyamba ndi mndandanda wa wodwalayo kupereka wodandaula. M'tsogolo, mayesero zina imachitika. Makamaka, pa zasayansi kusanthula zitsanzo magazi Tingaone kuwonjezeka kwambiri chiwerengero cha monocytes. Anthu, wodwalayo malingana pamaso zizindikiro ikuchitika mpanda ntchofu m'kamwa ndi kukhosi, conjunctival kumaliseche, cerebrospinal madzimadzi. Nthawi zina puncture kwa mwanabele. Pakuti amaganiziridwa listeriosis woyembekezera, dokotala anu angakupatseni zitsanzo zosankhidwazi ndi kuyezetsa zitsanzo za madzimadzi amniotic kapena latuluka.

M'mikhalidwe choyezera, seeding ikuchitika sing'anga zatu. njirayi limachititsa osati kudziwa chikhalidwe cha tizilomboto, koma tilinazo chifukwa cha makamaka mankhwala mankhwala.

Serological chiyeso listeriosis ndi yolondola kwambiri, koma mwina zotsatira zabodza. kuwonjezera maphunziro zimadalira mawonekedwe a matenda. Mwachitsanzo, pamene wodwala amaganiziridwa pamaso abscess anatumizidwa MRIs. Mantha mawonekedwe listeriosis amafuna upo katswiriyu, komanso pogwira ndi lumbar puncture ndi ubongo akugwirira.

Kodi kuchitira listeriosis?

Kumene, mbiri ya matenda n'kofunika kwambiri pokonza moyenera mankhwala chakudya. Kotero izo zikuwoneka ngati mankhwala kwa matenda?

Wodwala woyamba Kwalamulidwa mankhwala. Ndithu mankhwala ogwira panopa ankaona kuti mankhwalawa, tetracycline ndi chloramphenicol. Komabe, nthawi zina, dokotala anu angasankhe mankhwala ena, popeza zidalira pa mlingo wa tilinazo mabakiteriya kupsyinjika kwa chinthu makamaka.

Pamodzi ndi uwu, wodwalayo jekeseni kudzera m'mitsempha njira isotonic wa sodium kolorayidi ndi mankhwala okodzetsa - zimenezi zimathandiza kuti tichotse muli zoipa ndi kuthetsa zizindikiro zazikulu kuledzera.

njira zina mankhwala zimadalira mtundu ndi kukula kwa matendawa. Mwachitsanzo, ndi zotupa ya ubongo chikuyendetsedwera odwala benzylpenicillin. Ngati anakantha diso matenda, ndiye mankhwala ntchito diso lake akutsikira, ndi zina yotupa corticosteroid mafuta.

Monga momwe yaitali mankhwala amafuna listeriosis? Chithandizo ikuchitika okha zinthu n'kupuma - ndicho, mu dipatimenti opatsirana. Monga ulamuliro, zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda zikawoneka pambuyo masabata 2-4. Kenako, wodwalayo ali wofunikila kuti ndisanabadwe kachiwiri - ngati zotsatira anatsimikizira pakalibe listeria, munthu akhoza kulemba. Komabe, listeriosis wakhala akudwala kwa zaka ziwiri ayenera kukalembetsa mu dipatimenti opatsirana ndi kukumana mayeso zachipatala nthawi zonse.

kaya mavuto ndi zotheka?

Nthawi zambiri, makonzedwe a chithandizo chokwanira pa nthawi amathandiza mwamsanga kuchotsa matenda. Koma pali ena mavuto, zomwe zimagwiritsa listeriosis. Ndi chiyani icho?

Choyamba ndi Dziwani kuti mavuto omwe ayenera poyera kuti ana akhanda, ndi anthu chitetezo kwambiri kusweka. Woyembekezera, matenda akuchikazi ndi thupi, motero, ndi mwana wosabadwayo zingachititse kuti kuchepa mphamvu ya mwana wosabadwayo padera, zikamera wa ena malformations yoopsa pa chitukuko, etc. Ngati mwanayo kachilombo pobereka, mu masiku oyamba a thupi mwanayo akhoza kuona mavuto monga purulent meninjaitisi, kuphwanya dongosolo la kupuma ndi magazi. Listeria zingachititse mawonekedwe choopsa cha chibayo, nthawi zambiri umatha woopsa mwanayo.

Ndithu anazunzidwa mawonekedwe mantha matendawa. The mwana ali ndi mtundu wofanana wa matenda kungachititse kuti kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo chapakati mantha, amene ankalemekeza kumafuna mavuto monga retardation maganizo, khunyu, ziwalo.

Akuluakulu, zotsatira ambiri monga endocarditis ndi chiwindi. Koma ngakhale mukadzakula mantha mawonekedwe listeriosis pa malo popanda mankhwala itha lethally mu 45 - 70% ya milandu. N'chifukwa chake Mulimonsemo sayenera kunyalanyaza zizindikiro kapena kudzikonda medicate.

Analimbikitsa zodzitetezera

Mwatsoka, kuti tsiku palibe mankhwala amene angathe kuteteza anthu ku matenda otchedwa listeriosis muyaya. Kuteteza mu nkhani iyi ndi zovuta chifukwa chakuti bakiteriya kugonjetsedwa kwambiri kwa malo kunja ndi kuti akalowe thupi m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

N'chifukwa chake njira kwenikweni yodalirika chitetezo ndi mosamala malangizo onse thanzi umoyo ndi chitetezo ndi nyama. Pa minda ndi minda chinkhoswe nyama kukula, nyama ayenera kuchita chipikisheni zonse ndipo apatseni mankhwala khalidwe ngati n'koyenera. Monga kutetezela munthu, muyenera musaiwale za kusamala chakudya - m'pofunika wiritsani mkaka, nyama, sausages ndi mankhwala ena nyama mosamala akagwira bwino.

Munthu anapezeka ndi matenda ayenera kulandira chithandizo kuchipatala, kuti kukhala gwero la matenda ena. Tingafinye zimatheka ngati zotsatira anatsimikizira kuchira bwino ndi kusapezeka kwa thupi kuchititsa bakiteriya.