Luka ndi bafuta: ndani ali wolondola?

Ambiri a ife kumbukirani wotchuka sewero limakhulupirira Gorky, amene ali otchuka awiri: Luke ndi Satine. Aliyense wa iwo kuteteza mfundo yake maganizo, ndipo okha omvera angasankhe amene ali bwino.

Taganizirani mfundo ya zilembo zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane.

Chiwembu ndi zilembo zazikulu za sewerolo Gorky

The kusewera "m'munsi kuya" linalembedwa ndi mlembi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma lomaliza. kuyamba wake woyamba unachitika mu 1902 ku Moscow Art Theatre, anachititsa chidwi chachikulu pa omvetsera.

Zinali zosadabwitsa, chifukwa Wolemba wina wamng'ono akhoza kulenga osati akhuya poyambira ndi chiwembu, koma mafano wanzeru a m'nkhaniyi.

Moyo nkhani anakhala anthu a nyumba doss kwa anthu osauka amene alibe kanthu: ndalama, udindo, palibe chuma chawo, ndi mkate nkomwe kumveka. likuwayenera chisoni, iwo saona mfundo za moyo wawo, tsogolo lawo - si imfa ndi chisoni.

Mwa ngwazi anali allocated antipodes awiri - Luka ndi bafuta, ndi kuti anauzidwa kuti omvera tanthauzo lenileni la sewerolo.

malo Luka

Anyezi, wakale uja mlendo zaka 60 limapezeka sewerolo yomweyo. Izo zifika ku nyumba Yoona za Malo Ogona komanso mu njira yake amayesetsa kutonthoza pali anthu.

Iye akulonjeza akufa matenda Anna wakumwamba yamtendere kwa chisawutso padziko lapansi chisauko mbala Vaska - mwayi kuyamba moyo watsopano kutali ndi kuzizira Siberia, chidakwa - chipatala komwe wochiritsidwayo, hule - mwayi kupeza chikondi chenicheni, ndi zina zotero ..

Anthu ena a malo awa ayamba kukhulupirira wabwino nkhalamba, koma ena a iwo anakana nkhani wake, kukhulupirira (ndipo mpake kuwerengera) bodza lawo.

Luka Philosophy

Ndipotu, Luka amapereka omvera ake kumvetsetsa kwawo Akristu oyambirira nzeru za moyo: munthu ayenera onse kupirira chifukwa cha uchimo, ali pansi lidayenera chilango, ndipo pambuyo pa imfa adzakhala amaitcha kuti malonda awo.

nzeru Izi Ndipotu palibe cholakwika zoipa m'dziko, Mulungu amasintha kukhala wolamulira wamphamvu ndi woopsa wa anthu, zimene aliyense amalipira chifukwa wake.

Choncho, Luka, ndipo amayesetsa kunyenga anthu Kalanga anagwidwa nyumba Yoona za Malo Ogona, kukhulupirira kuti chinyengo chimenechi kuwathandiza kuthana ndi mavuto. Luka wokonzeka kulandira chilungamo chikhalidwe monga anapatsidwa, kuganizira mofatsa chifukwa cha kupanda ungwiro wa umunthu.

malo Satina

Bafuta - ichi ndi chokhacho nyumba khalidwe zipinda, amene akuyesa kukhala ulemu wake mu zikhalidwe zauchigaŵenga umphawi wadzaoneni.

Poyamba anali munthu kwambiri (ngakhale ali akuthwa ndi juga), koma anataya udindo wake pambuyo chiyambi cha ulemu wa mlongo wake, iye analamulidwa kuti akhale m'ndende kwa nthawi ya zaka 5.

Luka ndi bafuta - osiyana kwambiri. Iwo wolemekezeka palibe m'badwo kwambiri monga kukhudzidwa.

Bafuta - zaumunthu, mu mavuto, iye sanataye chikhulupiriro mwa anthu, iye safuna kukhulupirira malankhulidwe wokoma Luka, kukhulupirira kuti munthu aliyense ndi "Mlengi wa chimwemwe chake."

Philosophy bafuta

Vutolo Luka ndi bafuta limayamba ndi chakuti otsiriza ayamba kutsutsa mawu a munthu wachikulire. Ayi, bafuta safuna chitonthozo, iye akufunafuna ntchito. Izo nzoona - si nzeru za Mkhristu. Bafuta pafupi ndi malo kulibe Mulungu, khulupirirani kuti zonse zili m'manja mwa munthuyo, ndipo sikudalira zochita za mphamvu apamwamba. Bafuta sakhulupirira kusafa kwa moyo wa munthu, iye sayenera Mulungu, iye ananena kuti anali "pansi" osati chifukwa tsoka lake, koma chifukwa iwo anachita ulemu ndi moona, ndipo analangidwa chosalungama.

"Izo ndi zoona - pali mulungu mfulu!" - anafuula bafuta. Iye amayesetsa kumanga chikhalidwe chabe ndi anthu ufulu amene akanatha mogwirizana ndi mzake.

Mbali bafuta ndi Luka akutionesa kuti amuna awiri kuwasonyeza chitsanzo awo awiri maudindo osiyana kwambiri, maganizo awiri osiyana moyo ndi luntha malo munthu ali mdziko lino.

Malo Luka - chifundo, koma kungokhala chete, bafuta malo - yogwira Converter, yogwira. Mu sewerolo, chigonjetso kwenikweni mu awiri wabweza Satine, chifukwa Luka anasiya nyumba Yoona za Malo Ogona.

Vutolo Luka ndi bafuta: m'nthawi anachita

sewero Gorky wakhala apambananso kwambiri ndi omvera komanso chifukwa wolemba anatha kuona motani mu mzimu wa nthawi yake.

Society napempha kusintha. Philosophy Luka sankasangalala achinyamata amene mukufuna usinthe anthu malinga ndi dongosolo latsopano. Iwo anali otsutsa ndi zambiri mbali ndiwofatsa a mbadwo achikulire amene ankafuna kuti dongosolo zandale ndiponso.

Bafuta tiweramitse ndi chabe anasonyeza kugawanika anthu. Iwo anaulula awiri mwa malo amenewa wosadzayanjanika ndi nzeru za moyo.

Mwa njira, mlembi wa sewerolo, ndithudi, a yamasika, iye anali ndi udindo wa bafuta, iye, ngwazi izi ndi zimene iye anaganiza. moyo wanga kupweteka ankhondo ndi anthu amene kuyesera kulalikira kulolerana ndi lenience, makhalidwe ake anali kulimbana ndi chikhulupiriro m'tsogolo kwambiri dziko lake.

Ndipotu, Gorky yekha akhoza kutchedwa "chosintha mu mabuku Russian," amene m'mabuku ake momveka bwino zoperekedwa zinkakhalira chiyembekezo cha moyo watsopano mbali ya wachinyamata akamapeza apamwamba.

Anthu anafuna kusiya chipangizo monarchical, adzapereka mphamvu ya capitalists, iwo ankakhulupirira kuti amange boma latsopano ndi chabe.

Pomaliza, ngakhale Luka ndi bafuta anali wosiyana. M'dziko panali kusintha, ndi Bolsheviks anagwira mphamvu, ngati bafuta, anasiya chipembedzo monga gulu chikhalidwe cha thupi.

Kotero kuti sewerolo Gorky kwenikweni anasonyeza kuti ulosi. Ndipo kuti ndi namatetule ntchito mabuku Russian.