M. Sholokhov, "Tsogolo la Munthu": ndemanga. "Tsogolo la Munthu": ofunika kwambiri, mutu, chidule

Mu December 1956 ndi January 1957, nyuzipepala ya Pravda inalembetsa ntchito ya wolemba Soviet Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov, The Fate of Man, ponena za mayesero aakulu ndi kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa Soviet pazaka zovuta za nkhondo.

Prehistory

Maziko a nkhaniyi ndi tsogolo la dziko, tsogolo la munthu, mutu wa Nkhondo Yakukonda Dziko Lopatulika ndi khalidwe la msilikali wamba wa Russia.

Atangomaliza kufotokoza Sholokhov, mtsinje wosatha wa makalata unatumizidwa kuchokera ku Soviet readers. Kuchokera kwa iwo omwe anapulumuka ukapolo wa fascist, kuchokera kwa achibale a asilikali omwe anamwalira. Iwo analemba zonse: antchito, alimi ogwirizana, madokotala, aphunzitsi, asayansi. Sikuti ndi anthu wamba okha, komanso olemba mabuku akuluakulu, omwe anali achibale komanso ochokera kunja, omwe anali a Boris Polevoy, Nikolai Zadornov, Hemingway, Remark ndi ena.

Kusintha kwa bukhuli ku bukhu

Nkhaniyi inadzitamanda dziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mu 1959 inafotokozedwa ndi mkulu Sergei Bondarchuk. Anathandizanso kwambiri mufilimuyi.

Bondarchuk ankakhulupirira kuti chirichonse chomwe chiri pachiwonekerachi chiyenera kuwonetsedwa mophweka komanso mopweteka ngati moyo wokha, kupyolera mukumvetsa kwa msilikali, chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri m'nkhaniyi ndi khalidwe la munthu wa ku Russia, mtima wake waukulu, wosagwedezeka pambuyo poyesedwa.

Bukhu lakuti "The Fate of Man" linalembedwanso nthawi zambiri. Zonse m'dziko lathu komanso kunja. Nkhani yochititsa chidwiyi imapezeka m'mitima yonse ya anthu yotentha. "Tsogolo la munthu," malinga ndi owerenga akunja, ndi nkhani yosangalatsa, yowopsya, yowawa. Wokoma mtima ndi wowala kwambiri, wowopsya, akugwetsa misonzi ndi kusangalatsa chifukwa chakuti ana amasiye awiri adapeza chimwemwe, amapezana.

Rossellini wa ku Italy adapereka filimuyi motere: "" Tsogolo la munthu "- ili ndilo lamphamvu kwambiri, lalikulu kwambiri lomwe linawombera nkhondo."

Momwe izo zinayambira

Chiwembucho chinachokera pa zochitika zenizeni.

Tsiku lina, kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1946, anthu awiri anakumana pamsewu, pafupi ndi bwato. Ndipo monga zimachitika pamene alendo sakumana, amayamba kulankhula.

Kulapa kowawa kwa munthu wodutsa kunkapezeka ndi womvetsera wina, Sholokhov. Tsogolo la munthu yemwe anapulumuka nkhondo yoopsya ya nkhondo, koma osati zovuta, anakhudza kwambiri wolemba. Iye anadabwa.

Kwa nthawi yayitali ankanyamula nkhaniyi ya Sholokhov. Tsogolo la munthu yemwe adatayika chirichonse mu nthawi ya nkhondo ndipo adapezanso chimwemwe chochepa, sanachoke pamutu pake.

Zaka khumi mutatha msonkhano. Masiku asanu ndi awiri okha Sholokhov analemba nkhani yakuti "Tsogolo la Munthu", omwe ali ndi msilikali wosavuta wa Soviet komanso mwana wamasiye wa Vanya.

Wodutsa, yemwe adawuza nkhani yake kwa wolemba, anakhala fanizo la munthu wamkulu wa nkhaniyi - Andrei Sokolov. Momwemo, Mikhail Sholokhov adatulutsa zida za munthu weniweni wa Russia: chipiriro, chipiliro, kudzichepetsa, chidziwitso cha ulemu waumunthu, chikondi cha Amayi.

Wolembayo amasonyeza khalidwe la munthu pazochitika zonse za moyo - monga banja, monga antchito, monga wankhondo ndi wopambana.

Chidule

Mbiri yovuta ya dziko imapezeka mu moyo wa khalidwe lalikulu la yankho lake. Tsogolo la mwamuna, Andrei Sokolov, wogwira ntchito yosavuta, akubwereza zinthu zofunikira kwambiri pa zochitika za zaka zomwezo-nkhondo yapachiweniweni, njala ya makumi awiri, ntchito ya wogwira ntchito zafamu ku Kuban. Choncho adabwerera ku Voronezh komweko, ndipo adadziŵa ntchito yokhala ndi locksmith ndipo anapita kumunda. Ndinakwatira mtsikana wabwino kwambiri, ana anabadwa. Ali ndi moyo wosalira zambiri komanso chimwemwe chophweka: kunyumba, banja, ntchito.

Koma Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikristu inayamba, ndipo Andrei Sokolov anapita kutsogolo, akumenyera nkhondo dziko lake, monga mamiliyoni ambiri a anthu a Soviet. M'miyezi yoyamba ya nkhondo iye adalowa mu ukapolo wa fascist. Ali mu ukapolo, msilikali wa ku Germany, yemwe anali mkulu wa asilikali, anamenyedwa mtima ndipo Andrei amapewa kuphedwa. Ndipo posakhalitsa amathawa. Kubwerera kwa iye, kachiwiri amapita kutsogolo.

Koma kupambana kwake kumadziwonetsera osati kumangogwirizana ndi mdani. Ndipotu Andrei amwalira chifukwa cha anthu apamtima komanso dziko lake, wosungulumwa.

Pafupipafupi kumapeto kwa tchuthi kumudzi kwawo, amadziwa kuti banja lake lokonda: mkazi wake Irina ndi ana awo aakazi - anafa panthawi ya bomba.

Pamalo ndi chikondi cha nyumba yomangidwayo, chingwe chimachokera ku bomba la air German. Osokonezeka, atasokonezeka, Andrew akubwerera kutsogolo. Panali chisangalalo chimodzi chokhacho: mwana wa Anatoly, msilikali wamng'ono, ali moyo ndipo akumenyana ndi a fascists. Koma Tsiku Lopambana lachikondwerero pa fascist Germany likuphimbidwa ndi nkhani za imfa ya mwana wake.

Pambuyo pokonzanso chiwembu Andrei Sokolov sakanakhoza kubwerera ku mzinda wake, kumene chirichonse chinamukumbutsa iye za banja lafa. Anagwira ntchito monga woyendetsa ndege ndipo kamodzi ku Uryupinsk, pafupi ndi nyumba ya tiyi, anakumana ndi mwana wopanda pakhomo - Vanya wamng'ono wamasiye. Amayi a Vanya anaphedwa, bambo ake akusowa.

Chomwe chidzachitike - zambiri zomwe zidzachitike

Nkhondo yachiwawa sichikanatha kuchoka kwa msilikali wa nkhaniyi mikhalidwe yake yayikuru - kukoma mtima, kunyengerera kwa anthu, kusamala, kuyankha, chilungamo.

Mkwiyo wa mnyamata wokongola uja unapezeka mumtima mwa Andrei Sokolov ndemanga yoboola. Tsogolo la munthu, tsogolo la mwana yemwe adataya ubwana wake, adamuthandiza kusankha chinyengo ndikuuza mnyamatayo kuti ndi atate wake. Chisangalalo chachikulu cha Vanya, kuti potsiriza "foda yamtengo wapatali" idamupeza, anapatsa Sokolov tanthauzo latsopano la moyo, chimwemwe ndi chikondi.

Kukhala ndi moyo, osasamala za wina aliyense, kunalibe phindu kwa Andrei, ndipo moyo wake wonse tsopano umaganizira kwambiri mwanayo. Palibe mavuto omwe sakanakhoza kuphimba moyo wake, chifukwa iye anali ndi winawake woti azikhalamo.

Zochitika za msilikali

Ngakhale kuti moyo wa Andrei Sokolov uli wodabwitsa kwakukulu, akunena kuti anali wamba ndipo alibe zambiri kuposa ena.

M'nkhani ya Sholokhov, moyo wa Andrei Sokolov ndi wofanana ndi zomwe dzikoli lidzachitike m'zaka zimenezo. Ankhondo a nkhondo adabwerera kunyumba kuchokera kutsogolo ndipo adasokonezeka kwambiri ndi okondedwa awo, malo amwenye. Koma kunali kofunikira kuti tipitirize kukhala ndi moyo, kumanga, kulimbitsa ndi vuto logonjetsedwa.

Chikhalidwe champhamvu cha Andrei Sokolov chimatsimikiziridwa molondola pa kulingalira kwake ponena za iye mwini: "Pakuti iwe ndiwe munthu, chifukwa iwe ndiwe msilikali, kuti iwe ukhoze kupirira chirichonse, atenge chirichonse pansi ngati iwe ukuchifuna icho". Kugonjera kwake ndichilengedwe, komanso kudzichepetsa, kulimba mtima ndi kudzikonda sizinatheke pambuyo povutika, koma kulimbikitsidwa mu khalidwe.

Ulusi wofiira kuntchito ndi lingaliro la mtengo waukulu kwambiri umene Victory wapambana, nsembe zodabwitsa ndi kutayika kwaumwini, zopweteketsa ndi zosautsa.

Ntchito yaying'ono koma yozizwitsa yowonjezera inali yovuta kwambiri ya anthu onse a Soviet omwe ankamwa chisoni cha usilikali, koma adasunga makhalidwe awo auzimu ndi kuteteza ufulu wa dziko lawo mwachiwiri ndi adani.

Ndemanga iliyonse ya "The Destiny of Man" ikusonyeza kuti Sholokhov ndi Mlengi wamkulu. Bukhulo silingakhoze kuwerengedwa popanda kulira. Ntchitoyi ndi ya moyo womwe umatanthauza tanthauzo lalikulu, owerenga amanena.