Chiwombankhanza cha Aroma "Chidziwitso Chikuyenda Don": mwachidule cha mitu

M'mudzi wa Veshenskaya, kuti pa Don Don, wolemba Soviet Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov anabadwa. "Chidziwitso Chakuyenda Cha Don," chomwe chidzafotokozedwa mwachidule mu nkhaniyi, iye analemba za dera lino, dziko lawo la antchito odzikuza ndi okonda ufulu. Pafupifupi olemba 800 akugwira nawo ntchitoyi. Bukuli likuwonetsa tsogolo lenileni la mabanja a Cossack, opotozedwa ndi mphepo yamkuntho ya nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse ndi nkhondo zapachiweniweni. Tiyeni tiwone mwachidule mwachidule buku la Quiet Flows la Don.

Zaka mazana awiri zikuwonetsedwa pansi pa maina awo enieni, zochitika zenizeni zimagwirizana ndi chiwembu. Sholokhov, yemwe anali ndi chidziwitso chodabwitsa kwambiri, ali ndi chidwi cha wojambula kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri, kupuma kwa stroke kunapangitsa "Chidziwitso Chakuyenda kwa Don". Chidule cha mituyi chinawonjezeredwa ndi zambirimbiri. Wolembayo anali kupezeka ku archives: kuchokera ku ziwerengero kupita ku malamulo a akuluakulu a whiteguard. Ambiri achigonjetso a bukuli amawoneka ngati opanda pake, koma mayina odziwika. Mwachitsanzo, abale Shamili (zenizeni_zimene sizitchulidwe, koma dzina lakutchulidwa pamsewu) - Drozdovs ku famu ya Pleshaki. Koma Veshensky Cossack Chernichkin, yemwe anapha commissar, amasonyezedwa mu bukhu lokhala ndi dzina lachilendo, osati mwachabe. Ndipotu, dzina lake ndi Borshchov, ndipo ntchitoyi ndibwebwezera kuphedwa kwa Cossacks omwe anagwidwa. Ngati maphunziro enieniwo atatha, munthuyu akadaphululukidwa. Pulogalamu Grigory Melekhov anatumikira Kharlampi Vasilievich Ermakov, yemwe mlembiyo adadziŵa yekha.

Tiyeni tiyese kufotokoza mosiyana ndi buku la "Quiet Flows Don". Chidule cha mituyi ikuyamba ndi kufotokoza za mtundu wa Grigory, kuyambira ndi Porfiry Melekhov-agogo aakazi, okwatiwa ndi mkazi wa Turkey. Wogwira ntchito mwanzeru amasonyeza bambo ake, Pantelei Prokofievich, mayi wochezeka komanso wolimbikira, Vasilisa Ilinichna. Makolo analerera ana a Gregory, Peter ndi mwana wake Dunyasha. Mnyamata Grigory amakondana ndi mkazi wa mzanga wa Stepan Astakhov - Aksinya, yemweyo, podziwa kuti mwamuna wake akunyengerera ndi anyamatawo, akuyankha Gregory kuti ali ndi chiyanjano. Pantelei Prokofievich amasankha kupatukana okonda, kukwatiwa ndi mwana wake ku Cossack Natalia Korshunova. Kuchokera pa chikondi choponderezedwachi chimayamba kudziwa za moyo ndi Gregory.

M'chigawo chachiŵiri cha bukuli, Gregory amasiya mkazi wake, ngakhale kuti makolo ake ankatsutsa, yemwe mpongozi wake ankamukonda. Iwo ali ndi Aksinya achoka pa famu ndipo akukonzedwa ndi antchito a mwini nyumbayo. Aksinya amabereka mwana wake wamkazi. Gregory akuyitana pa ntchito, chifukwa cha ndalama zake amagula kavalo, Pantelei Prokofievich amapereka zina zonsezi. Natalia mkazi wamasiye akuyesera kudzipha yekha ndi scythe, koma atatha miyezi yoposa sikisi pakati pa moyo ndi imfa, amakhalabe ndi moyo. Izi zimathetsa "mtendere" wamtendere wotsegulira Don. Machaputala mwachidule, kuyambira mutu wachitatu, ndi mzere wa kutsogolo mu chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe chachikulu chikuzoloŵera moyo wamagazi wa nkhondo. Zolonjezedwa za makhalidwe abwino sizilola Grigory kuchita zochepa. Anapandukira mopanda mantha a Cossacks, omwe adachitidwa nkhanza chifukwa cha kusowa kwake, amene adagwirira mtsikanayo ku France, ndipo amayesa kuwombera a Cossack Chubatogo chifukwa cha nkhanza zopanda pake kwa akaidi. Pankhondoyi, Melekhov akuvulazidwa kwambiri, ndipo kunyumba ya maliro ake akufika kunyumba kwa makolo ake. Koma patangotha masabata awiri pali kalata yochokera kumbuyo kuchokera kwa M'bale Peter akuuza kuti Grigory ali wamoyo ndipo amapatsidwa mphotho ya chipulumutso cha msilikali. Pa nthawiyi, m'manja mwa Aksinya ku chiwopsezo chofiira, mwana wamkazi wa Grigory Tatiana amwalira. Mwana wa mwini nyumbayo, Yevgeny Listnitsky, adatumiza paulendo pa chilonda, alowa naye kuyankhulana. Kubwerera ku Grigory akuthawa kumumenya ndi chikwapu ndipo, akusiya Aksinya, akubwerera ku Natalia.

Gawo lachinayi la bukuli ndilo kutsogolo. Gululi likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina-mfuti-virtuoso Bunchuk, membala wobisika wa RSDLP, chifukwa choyenerera usilikali akulandira udindo wa msilikali. Grigory Melekhov ali ndi mphamvu yowonongeka. Malo ake m'magulu a regiment tsopano ali pafupi ndi mbendera. Uta wamphumphu wa mitambo ya St. George ndi ndondomeko zinayi zimakongoletsa chifuwa cha shuga. Ulemu wa Cossack kwa iye tsopano - ichi ndi chinthu chachikulu, molimba mtima amalowera ndi kugwedeza kumbuyo kwa Austria, jiggies, ndi crazies. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, akuganiza kuti nkhondo yambera kumwetulira kwake kokalamba, amadziwa kuti pambuyo pa ntchito yamasewera yamagazi zidzakhala zovuta kuti ayang'ane m'maso a mwanayo. Gulu silikhutira ndi utsogoleri wa boma la Kerensky. Pali kusintha kwa Petrograd.

Gawo lachisanu ndilo pambuyo pa nkhondo. Cossacks amabwerera kumudzi. Koma pakati pawo palibe mgwirizano wakale. Grigory poyamba amagwirizana ndi a Bolsheviks achifundo. Pa nkhondo ya mudziwu, chifukwa cha zochita za amuna okwera pamahatchi mazana awiri motsogoleredwa ndi Gregory, a Reds amapeza chipambano mwa kutenga amuna makumi anai. Koma tcheyamani wa komitiyo, Podtyolkov, amawawombera. Wofufuza Gregory pambuyo poti akulankhula kale akutsutsana ndi a Bolshevik. M'chaka cha 1918, pakati pa Cossacks paligawanika: a Verhodoni amaimira a Reds, magulu apansi akutsutsana. Abale a Melekhov amatumikira ku gulu la General Kornilov. Mtendere Don watulukira. Chidule cha mituyi ndi zolemba zina. Mtsogoleri wa Cossack salandira thandizo kuchokera kwa Denikin wodzikuza, asilikali a Kornilov akuwonongedwa. Tilikudutsa m'mabuku. Gawo lake lachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi lachisanu ndi chitatu likuimira chithunzi cha nkhondo yapachiweniweni pa Don. M'bale Peter akufa. Pantelei Prokofievets amafa ndi typhus. Ilinichna m'chaka chotsiriza cha moyo akutenga Aksinya monga mkazi wa mwana wake Grigory. Achinyamata Melekhov, akumenyana ndi a Reds, amadziwa bwino gulu lonse la Cossack. Pobwerera ku banja, amapezeka kuti ndi mwamuna wozunzidwa wa mlongo wa Dunyashka, tcheyamani wa Revolutionary Committee, kuthawa kuphedwa kwa a Reds, pafupi ndi gululi. Pambuyo pa kugonjetsedwa kwake, amasankha kuthawa ndi Aksinya, koma amapunthwa pa mwambi wofiira. Chipolopolo chosochera chipha Aksinya.

Zochitika za chisoni cha Grigori, momwe adawona dzuŵa lakuda kwambiri, ndilo buku lochititsa chidwi kwambiri padziko lapansi. Atafika pakhomo la nyumbayo, akuukitsa mwana wake Mishatka - yekha wokhalapo moyo. Mwana yekha ndi wina wokonda dziko lakwawo amatha kupulumutsa wokondedwa wake wotayika, wolumala ndi nthawi yachitsulo ya munthu. Pa chombo choboola chotero, Chidziwitso Chakuyenda Cha Don. Chidule cha mituyi chidzakupatsani zotsatira zowonjezereka za kumvetsetsa, ngati zikuwonjezeredwa ndi ndemanga. Koma, ndithudi, ndithudi, mukufunikirabe kuwerenga bukuli.

M'bukuli muli chisokonezo m'dera la Cossacks - zaka mazana ambiri za momwe ziliripo pofuna kusunga malamulo achikhristu. Mutu waukulu wa bukuli - Grigory Melekhov - ndiwotchuka kwambiri, ali wamoyo, woona mtima, amamva ngati wogwira ntchito komanso mphunzitsi, khalidwe loona la Don Cossack likuwonekera. Ndili ndi zochitika zina, anthu monga Grigory akanakhala malo ovuta a boma la Russia, ogwirizanitsa ulemerero wake watsopano. Koma Sholokhov-wojambula amamuuza iye m'zaka zachitsulo za zaka za zana la 20, nkhanza, kupondereza anthu, malingaliro awo, kuswa chiyembekezo. Ntchito ya Mikhail Sholokhov ndi yowonjezereka kuti kuchokera pakuyesera kutsimikiza kuti palibenso chinthu china chotsutsa. Apa mfundo - monga m'nkhalango ya bowa. Aliyense akhoza kupeza chinachake kwa iwoeni. Timalimbikitsa owerenga kuti asapitirize kuwerenga "Quiet Don". Pambuyo pake, zochitika zoterezi, zikuchitika pakati pa nzika, zimayikidwa ndi Muscovite Boris Leonidovich Pasternak mu buku Dokotala Zhivago. Mabuku onse awiriwa, akukambirana momveka bwino panthawi yomwe adakhalapo, akuwonetsa chithunzi chenichenicho chakumva ndi zowawa, komabe amaphunzitsa chikondi kwa amayi a Mamaland. Pambuyo pake, monga mawu a Zhivago amveka bwino, munthu weniweni ayenera kugawidwa za dziko lake!