Ma concretes: mitundu, mbiri ya zikamera ndi ukulu wa ntchito

Ma simenti ndi yokumba mwala zipangizo, wopangidwa mwa nthumwi yeniyeni kumangako ndi kukhala kuchuluka kwa upraised shnyh maselo, amene wogawana anagawira mkati. Tsopano pali mitundu yambiri ya iwo. Panopa mmene anawasiyanitsira kumachitika mwa magawo monga mtundu wa binder, kuchuluka kwa ntchito, ndiponso mavuto ena a yochiritsa.

Gawo

Malinga binder konkire ma anawagawa mitundu zotsatirazi - thovu konkire ndi lokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira konkire, foamed gypsum ndi gazogips, foamed silicate ndi mpweya silicate, ndi penomagnezit ndi gazomagnezit. Mbali yoyamba, ndi binder ndi simenti, lachiwiri - mkulu mphamvu gypsum wachitatu - laimu, ndi wachinayi - chigawo magnesia.

Malinga ndi chizindikiro ichi, monga kuchuluka kwa ntchito, concretes anawagawa kutchinjiriza matenthedwe ndi structural ndi matenthedwe. Otsiriza otchulidwa mankhwala a ma yowona (midadada) yodziwika ndi mphamvu yapamwamba ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito yomanga nyumba katundu mwankhanza.

Pankhani njira solidification, pali zachilengedwe ndi kupanga njira. Yoyamba ikamauma mchikakamizo cha zinthu mumlengalenga, ndipo chachiwiri - chifukwa mankhwala nthunzi.

Nkhani ya

Mfundo yoyamba m'mbiri nkhaniyo nyumba monga simenti ma, unayamba 1889. Ndiye Czech wasayansi Hoffman anali lokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira ndi D Kuwonjezera mankhwala enaake ndi mchere carbonate kwa slurry simenti. Choncho, mankhwala anachita zinachitika chifukwa cha zimene gasi effusing. M'kupita kwa nthawi, yankho anali Unalimbitsa, ndi kapangidwe porous unakhazikitsidwa m'menemo. zaka khumi ndi zisanu kenako America ndi Dyer Aulsvort monga ufa gasi kupanga ntchito, wopangidwa mwa zosafunika nthaka, zitsulo zotayidwa ndi ena zitsulo zina. Mogwirizana a haidrojini adzamasulidwa, kusewera udindo wa intumescent zowonjezera. Ndi Kutulukira maziko a ulimi wamakono wa lokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira konkire.

Great mphatso za chitukuko cha ulimi wa zipangizo yomanga wapanga Swedish anayambitsa Ericsson. Mu 1920, iye akufuna kuti distend njira powonjezera mfundo siliceous ndi simenti. Kuumitsa mu nkhani iyi lizisunga mu autoclave pa kufinya 8 atmospheres. Pambuyo konkire ma motere anayamba kusindikiza Sweden yokha, ndiyeno m'mayiko ena. M'kupita kwa nthawi, tinapanga mitundu iwiri yokha. The woyamba anali mpweya silicate, woimira yowona ndi dongosolo porous, zimene zinaphatikizapo osakaniza ya laimu ndi siliceous zina. Mu 1934 panalinso tione chachiwiri - siporex - SOS toyaschy zigawo zikuluzikulu siliceous ndi Portland simenti.

kupanga Modern ndi ukulu

Auzidwa kwambiri ma (GOST 21520-89) likupezeka mu mawonekedwe a atilakwira. Iwo chimodzi cha zipangizo ambiri nyumba (pamodzi ndi njerwa ceramic). Ponena za kuchuluka, izo ndi yaikulu kwambiri, chifukwa cha midadada izi anamangidwira chirichonse kuchokera makoma wamba mkati, kutsiriza ndi katundu mwankhanza makoma. Muyezo kukula midadada ndi 600h300h200 millimeters. Komabe, zilipo pa pempho, ndi ena. Ngati kumene osalimba a mbale ndi makilogalamu osachepera mazana asanu pa mita kiyubiki, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale mu mawonekedwe a kutentha chimateteza wosanjikiza.