Magazi magulu magazi: malamulo. othandizira ndalama Universal. magulu tebulo ngakhale magazi

Mu mankhwala amakono izo akadali kambirimbiri ndondomeko ya magazi. Magazi magulu magazi - ndiyo njira ya kukhazikitsa kuchokera mwiniwake wathanzi wodwala ndi matenda a (wolandira). Pamafunika kukhazikitsa malamulo, ndiponso kuti kulibe mavuto. Choncho, ntchito imeneyi ikuchitika pa ndende pazipita tcheru pa mbali ya ogwira ntchito kuchipatala.

Chimene chikufunika pa chiyambi?

Pamaso ndondomeko, adokotala kuchititsa kafukufuku wa mwaziwo ndi kafukufuku kutero. Wodwala kapena wolandira, muyenera kukhala pasipoti, kuti amuone yake deta onse. Ngati aliyense akatswiri zaumoyo adzapatsidwa mosamala mtima kapena mwiniwake, izo amaona magazi ndikupeza contraindications zotheka.

malamulo kuika

magazi a magulu magazi wochititsidwa nkhani maziko ena. Zikuonetsa kwa mpheto chofunika mlingo magazi madzimadzi yoikidwiratu katswiri mankhwala zochokera deta matenda ndi kusanthula. Malamulo a magazi mu magulu analengedwera kwa chitetezo kwa mwiniwake ndi munthu wolandirayo. The katswiri ayenera mosaganizira Kafukufuku kale analandira pandekha, chitani zotsatirazi:

1. Chithunzi gulu ABO dongosolo fanizirani deta ndi umboni umene ulipo.
2. Kuti tipeze khalidwe maselo a magazi, onse woperekayo ndi munthu wolandirayo.
3. Ikani chitsanzo pa ngakhale wonse.
4. Kuchititsa bioassay.

The ndondomeko kudziŵa magulu magazi

Mfundo yofunika ndi kudziwa kuika kwachilengedwenso katundu madzimadzi ndi kukhalapo mu izo matenda. Chifukwa chaichi, nyemba magazi zikutengedwa Khadili chonse, gawani nambala chifukwa m'magulu awiri nawatuma kwa phunzirolo. Zasayansi, cheke choyamba pamaso pa matenda, kuchuluka kwa magazi, ndipo ena. Wachiwiri ntchito kudziwa mtundu magazi ndi RH chinthu icho.

gulu magazi

magazi a magulu zofunika wodwala mu thupi magazi kwachitika erythrocyte agglutination chifukwa zimene agglutination pa chikuonetseratu mayeso nyemba. anthu gulu mwazi, thupi ABO dongosolo classifications anawagawa mitundu 4 chachikulu. Ndi ABO gulu kulekana kumachitika chifukwa kukhalapo kwa antigens yeniyeni - A ndi B. Aliyense ali womangidwa ndi agglutinin yeniyeni: A womangidwa kwa α ndi B β motero. Malinga mitundu zigawo izi anapanga zonse zodziwika magazi gulu. Kuphatikiza zigawo zikuluzikulu ofanana sizotheka, mwinamwake thupi erythrocyte agglutination, ndipo n'zosatheka kupitiriza kukhalapo. Mu mawonekedwe wenewu ma anayi:

• Gulu 1: antigens ali kwina, pali awiri agglutinin α ndi β.
• Gulu 2: Antigen A agglutinin ndi β.
• Gulu 3: The Antigen ndi agglutinin α.
• Gulu 4: agglutinins zikusowa, pali antigens A ndi B.

magulu ngakhale

Magazi Ngakhale magulu kuti apatsidwenso amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu ntchito. Mu mankhwala mchitidwe anachita kuikidwa yekha zofanana yogwirizana ndi mitundu mzake. Anthu ambiri amadabwa za mtundu wa gulu la magazi othandizira ndalama chabe, koma sindikumvetsa ndondomekoyi. Koma pali zigawo abwino. Kodi magazi mtundu ndi chilengedwe - funso limene lili ndi mayankho osavuta. Anthu ndi gulu loyamba la magazi chifukwa pakalibe antigens ndi othandizira ndalama chonse, ndi amene ali ndi wachinayi, amaonedwa olandira konsekonse. gulu magazi ngakhale tebulo akutumikira kumvetsa ndondomeko magazi.

Ngakhale kuti masiku ano pali njira zambiri kuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana, kupewa kuika ndondomeko akadali sizingatheke. Zamkatimu ngakhale a magulu magazi amathandiza zachipatala kugwira ntchito molondola, chimene chimapangitsa kuteteza moyo ndi thanzi la wodwalayo. Njira yabwino adzakhala ntchito kwa kupoperedwa nthawi zonse zofanana ndi za gulu ndi RH magazi. Koma pali nthawi kupoperedwa n'kofunika kuchita mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka nkubwera kuthandiza ofuna kupereka chilengedwe ndi olandira.

RH chinthu

Pamene kafukufuku wa sayansi mu 1940. Antigen The chinapezeka mwa mwazi wa macaques, amene analandiranso dzina la RH china. Iye ndi cholowa ndiponso zimadalira mpikisano. Anthu mu magazi amene ali ndi Antigen ndi RH HIV ndi pakalibe RH-negative.

Ngakhale kuikidwa:

• RH zoipa magazi kwa anthu RH zoipa;
• magazi RH zabwino n'zogwirizana ndi nyani iliyonse.

Ngati inu ntchito RH magazi zabwino odwala ndi gulu RH alibe, ndiye mu magazi ake kukhala zenizeni agglutinins odana Rhesus, pamene mpheto wina ogwirizana maselo ofiira. Choncho, kupoperedwa sizingakhoze kuchitidwa.

kuika iliyonse - maganizo ndi thupi la munthu. magazi lonse anasamutsa pokhapokha ngati imfa ya madzimadzi kwachilengedwenso ukufika 25% ndi apamwamba. Imfa ya buku aang'ono a mmalo magazi ntchito. Nthawi zina, kuikidwa zigawo zina asonyeza, mwachitsanzo, okhawo maselo ofiira, malingana ndi mtundu wa chotupa.

Njira chitsanzo

Kuti akwanitse anasankha crossmatch Sera wolandira wothira chitsanzo kwa woperekayo kwa pepala woyera, tilting mu madera osiyana. mphindi zisanu kenako, yerekezerani zotsatira, ngati guluu wolimba maselo a magazi kwachitika, woperekayo ndi wolandira zimayenderana.

Ndiyeno fufuzani ngakhale kwa magazi chitsanzo kuikidwa kwa RH mu imodzi mwa njira ziwiri.

1. Mu chubu woyera mlandu mwayeretsa ntchito saline erythrocytes mwiniwake kulemera kuchepetsedwa ndi ofunda gelatin njira ndi madontho awiri a wolandira seramu. Ikani osakaniza pa madzi osamba kwa mphindi 10. Pambuyo nthawi iyi anali kuchepetsedwa ndi saline njira kuchuluka kwa 7 ml ya ndi kusakaniza bwinobwino. Ngati guluu wolimba maselo a magazi si anawawerenga woperekayo ndi wolandira zimayenderana.
2. The centrifuge chubu yagwera madontho 2 wolandira seramu ndi 1 dontho 1 dontho magazi poliglyukina mwiniwake. chubu anaikidwa mu centrifuge kwa mphindi 5. Ndiye, osakaniza anali sitimadzipereka ndi 5 ml saline, anaika chubu pa ngodya 90 ° ndi kutsimikizira ngakhale. Popeza guluu wolimba ndi mtundu kusintha n'zogwirizana mwiniwake ndi munthu wolandirayo.

bioassay

Kuchotsa chiopsezo cha matenda oyamba ndi afufuze bioassay. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, pang'ono magazi wolandira, ndi mphindi zitatu kuonera thanzi lake. Popeza zochitika zoipa: kuwonjezeka kugunda kwa mtima, kulephera kupuma, mpheto linabwerezedwa kawiri mosamala kwambiri kuyan'ana odwala. Kuika akhoza kuchitidwa kokha pamene sanapezedwa anasonyeza zoipa, mwinamwake ntchito si anachita.

The njira ya

Pambuyo mwai zonse zofunikira kudziwa ngakhale a magulu magazi ndi kuyamba kugwira kuika yokha. Kutumikiridwa magazi ayenera kukhala ozizira, firiji, ankaloledwa. Ngati ntchito ndi wamsanga, ndiye magazi ndi kutenthetsa mu madzi osamba. Ndondomeko kukapanda kuleka kuika imagwiridwa ndi dongosolo, kaya mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito syringe chomwecho. Mlingo oyamba 50 akutsikira pa masekondi 60. M'kupita kwa kuika madokotala aliyense mphindi 15 anayeza kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi wodwalayo. Pambuyo pa mpheto za mtima asonyeza Mpumulo ndi kuonerera zachipatala.

Kufunika ndi contraindications

kuikidwa magazi ambiri kugwirizana ndi dontho makonzedwe yosavuta mankhwala. Koma izi ndi ndondomeko lovuta limene mlendo maselo amoyo mu thupi la wodwalayo. Ndipo ngakhale ngakhale mwangwiro chikufanana pali chiopsezo kuti magazi simungathe kulikonza pansi. Ndicho chifukwa madokotala zofunika kwambiri kudziwa zimene inu simungakhoze kuchita popanda kuchita mwambo umenewo. Akatswiri akusankhidwa ndi opaleshoni ayenera kutsimikiza kukhulupirira kuti mankhwala ena osati ogwira. Ngati pali kukayika kulikonse kuti kupoperedwa angapindule, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito.

zotsatira za zosagwirizana

Ngati ngakhale ndi kuikidwa mankhwala magazi ndi sanali wangwiro, wolandirayo angathe mavuto mwambo umenewo.

Kupondelezedwa kwa oterowo opareshoni angakhale osiyana, iwo ali oyanjana ndi mavuto ziwalo mkati kapena kachitidwe.

Pali zolephera kawirikawiri mu chiwindi ndi impso kagayidwe ndi kuvulala, ntchito ndi ntchito hematopoiesis. Kusintha zingachitikenso ziwalo kupuma ndi wamanjenje dongosolo. Chithandizo uliwonse mavuto iyenera kuchitikira mwamsanga, moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.

Ngati zosagwirizana zidzachitika bioassays, anthu amalingaliranso mawonetseredwe zoipa, koma mmene kwambiri wamng'ono. Olandila angasonyeze malungo, zizindikiro ululu chifuwa ndi lumbar msana. Kugunda adzakhala speeded mmwamba, nkhawa adzaoneka. Pa kudziwika zizindikiro izi sangachite magazi. Panopa zosagwirizana mu magazi ndi magazi a pafupifupi zimachokeradi.