Mangup Kale: bwanji kuti kumeneko? Mangup Kale - chithunzi

Mangup-Calais - lakale phanga eni midzi yomwe ili makilomita makumi awiri kuchokera Sevastopol. Pa 6 ndi 15. anali likulu la ukulu wa Theodoro. Yotsirizira umayang'anira Crimea kum'mwera kumadzulo. Kale, Mangup Kale ndi yaikulu akale tawuni mu gawo ili la pachilumbachi.

malo

Mabwinja, kamodzi anali m'dera waukulu wa mizinda yakale, ali pamwamba pa phiri Mangup. lomenyera Ichi ndi ziwiri mazana-mita-mkulu nsanja zigwa majestically zoposa zitatu (Jan-Dere ndi Ai-Todorsky ndi Karalezskoy) molondola chilumba.

yachonde Mangup mbali zitatu ndi ovuta miyala ikutha. Msinkhu mfundo zina awo ndi 70 m. North otsetsereka mwala wopunthwitsa Kadulidwa ndi gullies atatu kwambiri. Pakati pawo Kapu Dere, Gama-Dere ndi Taban-Dere. Tsidya lino la m'mapiriŵa akhoza anafika pa phazi kapena galimoto. Mu zigwembe kukula deciduous ndi mitengo coniferous. Palinso zitsamba.

Pakati gullies ndi anayi Cape (protrusion). Iwo amafanana zala chimphona anatambasula kumpoto. Cape kum'mawa otchedwa Tekshli-baka ichidachi (Leaky). Iwo kwathunthu kudula ndi mapanga. Pafupi izo - Cape Elli-Burun (Kwamphepo). Ndiye ili Chufut- Choargan-matazo. Dzinali ena - Cape Stormcaller Myuda. The protrusion kumadzulo - Chamlou-baka ichidachi (Pine).

protohistory

chakuti mzinda Mangup-Kale (Crimea) ofufuza sindikudziwa ndendende anakhazikitsidwa. Malinga zofukulidwa pa malo malo kuthetsa anthu idamangidwa kale m'zaka zoyambirira za nyengo yathu. Icho chinali chachikulu pakati ndale ndi pa nkhondo ya zachikunja. Pa yachonde ndi Mangup anali Pontian Muluwani Priscian.

Anthu okhala m'dera mwachindunji 3. Kukhala wogwirizana kwambiri ndi Chersonesus. Zimenezi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zina mwa zinthu zopezeka pa nthawi imeneyo. Kotero, apa ife tinapeza amphorae a mochedwa nyengo ya Aroma, ndipo ndalama mkuwa, kupangidwa mu ulamuliro wa Arcadia.

deta zenizeni pa nthawi oyambirira m'mbiri ya ukulu pafupifupi kwina. Unknown ndi mayina a atsogoleri ake oyamba. Pali nkhambakamwa kuti akalonga kulamulira Theodoro, a Chiameniya velmozhnomu akale Gavras.

Nthawi akale

Chiyambireni cha m'ma 15. ndipo mpaka 1434 pa mutu wa pa Theodoro ukulu anali anzeru ndiponso amphamvu Prince Alexei. Iye anapereka mwayi kwa misewu malonda nyanja, kubwezeretsa doko Calamita.

M'chaka cha 1475 ndi Turkey nawo Chitata anayamba kuzinga Mangup-Kale. Adani wogwidwa mfuti, umene panthawi imeneyo anali abwino kwambiri. Tinali mu nkhokwe ya asilikali Turkey ndi mfuti kuchotsedwa zombo. Koma mumzindawo, iwo asamangodalira mtima wawo ndi impregnability a makoma achitetezo. Komabe, patapita kuzinga yaitali, ndi zokometsera wa linga wa Mangup anakakamizika mudzipereke. Turkey anawononga mzinda analanda, akupukuta pafupifupi onse okhalamo. Mangup Kale mbali ya chigawo Turkey. Mpaka m'ma 18. mwa makoma a linga lake anali asilikali ankhondo a eni latsopano. Zinali ndiye kuti mutu wa Mangup Kale Turkey anawonjezera, kutanthauza "linga".

Mu 1783, Crimea anali linalanda kwa Russia. Nthawi imeneyi, malo okwera anasiya anthu ake otsiriza. Ndipo kuyambira pamenepo pakati pa ukulu kamodzi wamphamvu ndi mzinda waukulu unatha kalekale.

Pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, a ku Germany anatumiza kwa Mangup ulendo ofukula zinthu zakale. Cholinga chake chinali kukhazikitsa kuda chiyambi Aryan anthu German. Pa makoma yatsalayi tsiku Mangup Kale akadali zotheka kupeza asilikali lotsalalo la Wehrmacht autographs.

msewu

Cave mzinda Mangup-Calais lili kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa mudzi wa Krasny Mayak. Kuchokera m'dera naye makilomita asanu.

Mapeto mfundo za ulendo wanu ndi Mangup Kale? Momwe mzinda phanga? Kutero, galimoto ku mudzi wa Krasny Mayak kapena Zalesnoe. Izi zikhoza kuchitika basi ku Bakhchisaray kapena Simferopol "Western." Kenako, muyenera kutsatira njira, amene amayendetsa malangizo kum'mwera. Kuyambira pamenepo, kuti akwanitse nyanja yokumba, adzakhala ndi kumanja kwa mudzi wa Haji Salah. Isanafike mudzi mudzakhala wamchenga. A Haji Salah ndi adzauka pa m'dera Mangup ndi mbali ya kumpoto. Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti msewu kumudzi yaperekedwa.

Pali njira ina. Ku siteshoni, "5 kilometre" ili Sebastopol mungathe kufika m'mudzi Terovka. Pitirizani njira motere msewu T-0105 ina easterly. Pa phazi la Mangup njira akutembenukira kumpoto. Apa m'pofunika kuti ndipite naye, ndipo pambuyo kudula lalikulu, kuyamba kukwera pa Mangup ku otsetsereka kum'mwera.

Akukwera pa m'mapiriŵa

Mangup Kale angaonedwe ndi kupita pamwamba pa joists Taban-Dere Dere kapena Gamam. Modekha nyamuka ali pa msewu, limene lili kum'mwera. Pakhomo la yachonde, inu mukhoza kukhala mu ovuta miyala ya mapanga yokumba, amene anali zolinga kumbuyo.

Pasanathe mphindi 40 pambuyo chiyambi cha chitunda cha mtengo Gama Dere njira zidzayambitsa nsanja, zomwe zinasungidwa bwino. Kunjira ake mochita steeply kwa otsetsereka lamanja la chigwa, ndipo chimafikira pamodzi malinga kudziikira kumbuyo. Pa gawo la mzinda akhoza anafika kudzera dzenje. Mu masiku akale mu malo awa, nthawi zambiri, panali chipata.

View ku m'mapiriŵa

Kotero inu mwafika cholinga cha ulendo wanu ndipo adalowa dera la wakale Mangup-Kale. mapu ayenera kutenga nawo, kuthandiza oyendetsa nokha. Kumadzulo kwa yachonde Tingaone malo ochepa kumpoto kwa Bay a Sevastopol ku kupita mu izo Black Mtsinje. Apa pali mabwinja mpanda wolimba Kalamita.

Kumanzere kwa inu mukhoza kuwona silhouette la nsanjayo kamodzi a ukulu Chembalo. Kumpoto kwa malo okwera lalitali ovuta Eski-Kermen, lomwe kuposa mapiri ku midzi ili pa iwo.

Atayima nkhope kwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa, mukhoza kuona silhouette lolemekezeka la Chatyr-Dag. Adzaupereka kwa pamwamba pa lokwera chachikulu cha Crimea Mountains.

Ulendo wa Plateau ndi

m'dziko limene mudziwo unali pamwamba ndi elongated kum'mawa mpaka kumadzulo mawonekedwe. Plateau mosavuta looneka zivumbulutsidwa osemedwa m'mapanga thanthwe ndi bwinja la mpanda kamodzi mkulu ndi nsanja.

Mangup mu zaka 5-6. ili m'malire a mudzi chapamwamba. Inali pa Tekshli-matazo. Chinachake kenako mzindawo kukodzedwa. Nyumba zomangidwa pa promontories ena. Kudera limeneli mumzinda m'munsi. Kenako, anali padziko la imachokera kwa Taban-Dere. Iwo anali malo luso. Mpaka mapeto a mzinda anakhalabe bwinja kuli kokha Pine Cape. Anatumikira Mangup Kale malo apadera.

Mzinda wakale

Mangup Kale (onani pansipa chithunzi) akulonjera alendo pa Cape Tekshli-baka ichidachi mabwinja a citadel lapansi. Ilo linali lalitali kwambiri mpanda wa mtundu kumbuyo, anamanga pa kum'mawa kwa phiri kumadzulo. Pachipata pali bwinja la nyumba. Yomanga anakonza kwa nthawi yotsiriza m'zaka 15. Pakali pano, izo kwambiri kuonongeka. Kumbali lamkati la nyumba mukhoza amasirira khomo lonse ndi mipata zenera, amene chokongoletsedwa ndi wapadera mwala kusema. Apa, yomanga ali ngati nyumba yachifumu kuposa Nyumbayi ndi. Iwo ankaganiza kuti nyumba yogonamo akalonga Mangup.

Osati patali pachipata ndi zotsalira za mpingo octagonal anamanga m'zaka za 8. Ndipo mu kum'mawa mpanda wa Leaky Cape-pabwino casemates phanga. Awa, mosavuta looneka yopita ku chipata chachikulu cha mzinda. Phanga lomwelo ndipo kuchokera kumadzulo phompho. Iwo anali n'cholinga kugunda mdani pamwamba, ngati iye kusuntha kwa mzinda. Mu nthawi mtendere, m'phanga anali kuigwiritsa ntchito pa zachuma.

Pakati casemates nkhondowo pakati kum'mawa phompho mpingo phanga inali, amene anachezeredwa ndi zokometsera wa citadel lapansi. Ikuyandikira kuti m'mapiriŵa ku chigwa Belbek kulamulidwa ndi nsanja a. Iye anali pa mapeto a Cape lapansi. Near nsanja inamangidwa m'misasa mmunsi mwa amene osemedwa m'mwala. Top, anamanga mwala, silinafike anapulumuka masiku ano. Patsinde pa nsanja ndi khomo, kuseri kwake pali masitepe kutsogolera waukulu phanga yokumba. Kuyambira inu mukhoza kupita kumusi, ati monga ankaganiza mu ndende mobisa.

Kum'mwera m'mapiriŵa ndi ambiri mapanga. Ena mwa iwo anali Akhristu a mipingo. Kumadzulo kwa Gamam Dere matabwa angapezeke pa mabwinja a Palace wa akulu lotsiriza la Theodoro. A ataima chapatali ndi mabwinja a mpingo, anapanga polemekeza oyera awiri - Helena ndi Constantine.

Tchuthi ku mapiri a Crimea

Osiririka kufufuza mabwinja a mzinda phanga ili m'dera Mangup - si nkhani tsiku lina. Kwa anthu amene akufuna kukhala pa chuma mbiri ya chitukuko lonse ndi zochuluka amasirira okongola kwambiri zachilengedwe yake, pa phazi la hotelo ndi lotsegula. Pamafunika alendo chaka chonse.

Great tchuthi "Mangup-Calais" (dzina hotelo) adzakupatsani njira zonse. Pali amaperekedwa kusakanikirana akadakwanitsira misonkhano ndi mitengo. Komanso, n'zotheka kukhala kutali ndi mavuto ndipo amangokhala ali pikitipikiti mzinda.