Maonekedwe - makhalidwe ofunikawa zipangizo kuwala

Onse zida kuwala, angakhale nalo ndi cholinga, onetsetsani kuti chimodzi thupi khalidwe wotchedwa "kusamvana." Mundawu thupi n'kofunika kwa onse, popanda yekha, kuwala ndi optoelectronic zipangizo. Mwachitsanzo, chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri kwa maso a si kuonjezera mphamvu ya mandala ake, komanso chigamulocho wa potsata mwachindunji mtundu wa chifaniziro cha chinthu ankafufuza. Ngati dongosolo lino chipangizo sangathe kupereka osiyana maganizo a mbali zochepetsetsa, fano chifukwa ndi zabwino kwenikweni ngakhale ndi kuwonjezeka kwambiri.

Kuthetsa mphamvu ya zida kuwala - mtengo umene wafala luso lawo kusiyanitsa mbali zochepetsetsa zinthu payekha anati kapena anayeza. Malire a kusamvana ndi mtunda osachepera mbali moyandikana (mfundo) wa chinthu, mmene zithunzi awo salinso amaona zinthu zosiyana wa chinthu, merging pamodzi. Ang'onoang'ono ili mtunda, ndi safanana apamwamba kusamvana mphamvu chipangizo chamagetsi lapansi.

Contact kusamvana malire mtengo ndi kachulukidwe muyeso wa mphamvu kuthetsa. kolowera yofunika imeneyi ndiyo khalidwe chipangizo chotero mtengo wake. Chifukwa mapindidwe akuwala katundu mafunde kuwala, zinthu zithunzi zonse za zinthu zing'onozing'ono zooneka ngati mawanga chowala atazunguliridwa ndi dongosolo la mabwalo concentric kusokonezedwa. Kuti zodabwitsazi ndi malire a mphamvu kuthetsa zida zonse kuwala.

Malinga ndi chiphunzitso cha sayansi British kwa zaka za m'ma 19, Rayleigh, fano la zinthu zoyandikana ka chinthu akhoza kuzindikiridwa pamene mwangozi wa mapindidwe akuwala pachimake. Koma ngakhale chotero chigamulocho ali ndi malire ake. Amaonekera ndi mtunda pakati pa mfundo zabwino kwambiri za zinthu. Imapanga kuthetsa mandala nthawi anatsimikiza ndi nambala pazipita mizere payokha anazindikira pa wina millimeter fano. Zimenezi wakhazikitsidwa empirically.

Maganizo a chida cha yafupika pamaso pa aberrations (zopatuka kuwala kwenikweni kwa malangizo anakonzeratu) ndi zolakwika zosiyanasiyana za machitidwe kuwala kupanga, amene kumawonjezera kukula kwa malo mapindidwe akuwala. Choncho, ang'onoang'ono ndi mapindidwe akuwala mawanga, ndi apamwamba chigamulocho zilipo kuwala. Ichi ndi chizindikiro zofunika.

Mphamvu kuthetsa chida chilichonse kuwala chimaonekera pa mbali yake hardware zimene zimasonyeza zinthu zonse zimene zimakhudza khalidwe la fano ili chida. mfundozi kumamukopa ayenera kukhala kwenikweni zimachitika aberration ndi mapindidwe akuwala - kupinda kuwala mafunde zotchinga ndi, monga Motero, anapatukira malangizo molunjika. Kudziwa chigamulocho zipangizo zosiyanasiyana kuwala ntchito yapadera mayeso chimaonekera kapena opaque mbale ndi mamangidwe otchedwa wazolengedwa.