Mau oyamba zinyama: mwankhanzaku nyama - ndani izi?

World wa nyama zosiyanasiyana ndi zodabwitsa. Amasiyana mzake mu makhalidwe ambiri amalandira. Ndikufuna kukhala pa nkhani ya zinyama yozungulira kutentha ndi kupeza: nyama mwankhanzaku - ichi ndi chiyani?

Zikhulupiriro General

Mu zamoyo, pali mfundo mwankhanzaku (poikilothermic) ndi magazi ofunda (homeothermic) zamoyo. Akukhulupirira kuti mwankhanzaku nyama - amene sali zonse ndipo zimadalira yozungulira kutentha kwa thupi. Magazi ofunda mulibe kudalira izi ndi amasiyana mosalekeza kutentha thupi. Chotero kodi nyama amatchedwa mwankhanzaku?

A nyama zosiyanasiyana mwankhanzaku

Mu zinyama nyama mwankhanzaku - izi ndi zitsanzo za wamba m'bungwe la nyama. Zikuphatikizapo onse a invertebrates ndipo inakhala: nsomba, achule, zokwawa. The kuchotserapo ndi ng'ona zimene zili zokwawa. Pa nthawi ino kwa mtundu uwu kugwira mtundu wina wa nyama - maliseche Mole khoswe. Kuphunzira kusanduka, asayansi ambiri mpaka posachedwapa amati ndi mwankhanzaku, ndi zinyamazi. Komabe, panthawi pano pali chikhulupiriro chakuti iwo anali magazi ofunda mtundu wa thermoregulation inertial. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zimphona wakale angathe kudziunjikira ndi kugwira chifukwa misa lalikulu la kutentha kwa dzuŵa, amene anawalola kukhalabe kutentha zonse.

Features a moyo

Mwankhanzaku nyama - iwo amene chifukwa mantha dongosolo bwino anayamba ndi dongosolo ndi ungwiro wa lamulo la ndondomeko zofunika kwambiri m'thupi. Choncho, kagayidwe nyama mwankhanzaku ndi otsika. Ndithudi, pang'onopang'ono kwambiri kuposa nyama magazi ofunda (20-30 nthawi). Ngati thupi kutentha ndi madigiri apamwamba kuposa 1-2 yozungulira kutentha kapena ndi wofanana ndi izo. kudalira Ichi ndi ochepa nthawi ndi amagwirizana ndi luso kusonkhanitsa kutentha kwa dzuwa kapena zinthu ndi kutenthetsa chifukwa cha ntchito akulu ngati kunja anakhalabe magawo pafupifupi nthawi zonse. Ngati yomweyo, pamene kutentha kunja kugwa m'munsimu akadakwanitsira, onse njira kagayidwe kachakudya mu ozizira mochedwa. zochita Animal akulephera, kumbukirani ntchentche tulo, agulugufe ndi njuchi mu kugwa. Pamene pali akuponya kutentha kwa madigiri awiri kapena kuposa a po mu chikhalidwe cha zamoyo awa agwere mu torpor (hibernation), akupanikizika, ndipo ngakhale kufa.

seasonality

M'chilengedwe zopanda moyo, pali mfundo kusintha kwa nyengo pa chaka. zochitika izi makamaka kutchulidwa mu M'madera a zitunda kumpoto ndi kotentha. Mwamtheradi zamoyo zonse kuwathandiza izi. Mwankhanzaku nyama - zitsanzo za zimasintha zinthu zamoyo ndi kusintha kutentha chilengedwe.

Anatengera kwa chilengedwe

Pachimake ntchito njira mwankhanzaku ndi ofunika kwambiri pamoyo (mating, kubereka, kuswana) ali mu nyengo ofunda - kasupe ndi chirimwe. Panthawi imeneyi, tikuona kulikonse kwambiri tizilombo ndi kusunga m'zinthu moyo wawo. The pafupi-madzi ndi madzi madera akhoza kukumana achule misa (achule) ndi nsomba pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana chitukuko.

Mu nkhalango meadows ndi zokwawa zachilendo (abuluzi, njoka, njoka) ku mibadwo yosiyana.

Mkubwela ya nyundo kapena chilimwe nyama anayamba kukonzekera tima kwa dzinja, ndiwo ambiri a iwo akutsatiridwa mu mkhalidwe inaimitsidwa makanema ojambula. Kuti sadzamwalira nthawi yozizira, njira kukonzekera kwa m'matangadza cha zakudya matupi awo zimachitika bwino pasadakhale pa chilimwe. Panthawi imeneyi, zikuchokera ma lisinthike, izo zimakhala zochepa madzi ndi zigawo zambiri kusungunuka kuti adzaonetsetsa ndondomeko kudyetsa yonse yozizira. Ndi kucheperachepera kutentha, mlingo wa kagayidwe komanso kubweza pansi, kumwa mphamvu yafupika, amene akulola mwankhanzaku nthawi yonse yozizira mu hibernation, popanda kuganizira za ulimi wa chakudya. Ndi chinthu chofunikira pokonzekera zinthu chowawa kutentha ndi kumanga chatsekedwa "danga" kwa dzinja (maenje, mayenje, nyumba ndi zina zotero. D.). Onse zinthuzo pa moyo cyclical mu chikhalidwe ndi abwerezedwa chaka ndi chaka.

njira zimenezi ndi chopanda malire (kobadwa nako) bongo ndi tinatengera ku mibadwomibadwo. Nyama zomwe kukumana masinthidwe ena mwa chibadwa udindo kufala kwa zimenezi, amafa pasanathe chaka choyamba cha moyo, ndipo ana awo ndilandire kuyan'anila awa ndi kukhala nezhiznesposbnym.

The kutsogolera kwa hibernation anadzuka mmwamba kukhala kuwonjezeka kutentha mpweya mlingo chofunika, lomwe ndi khalidwe kusukulu, ndipo nthawizina kupanga.

Malinga ndi chiphunzitso cha chisinthiko, nyama mwankhanzaku - ndi anthu otsika, amene chifukwa cha chitukuko ofooka zimagwirira thermoregulatory ya ubongo ndi opanda ungwiro.