Mbali Mtunda ndi zinthu zothandiza Sweden

Nkhani za nkhaniyi - Geological kapangidwe ndi mchere chuma cha Sweden. Chifukwa dziko lino? Sizoti waukulu wa mayiko a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, Kupititsa State, komanso chikhalidwe wolemera ndipo zosiyanasiyana mbali chosiyana omwe sakudziwika kwa Russia kwambiri. Geography ndi Sweden zinthu zothandiza imvera chidwi osati kwa akatswiri, geographers, komanso owerenga ambiri chidwi.

Kodi mtundu wa dziko

Location Sweden - kumpoto Europe (ku Scandinavia Peninsula). Anansi - Norway kuchokera kumadzulo, Finland - kuchokera kumpoto chakumadzulo Denmark - kuchokera chakumadzulo lapansi. Mchere Sweden ndi Finland, komanso mbali ya nyengo, ofanana mu dongosolo chifukwa umakhala pafupi. Baltic Nyanja ndi Gulf wa Bothnia kusamba ndi madzi a uliri kummawa ndi kum'mwera. Kukula kwa dziko ndi 450.000 makilomita lalikulu.

Monga tafotokozera kale, Sweden - waukulu wa mayiko a ku Scandinavia. Mwa mayiko onse European kukula kwake ndi yachiwiri yokha kwa expanses wa dziko lathu, komanso Ukraine, France ndi Spain. M'litali m'gawo lake mu kum'mwera kumpoto malangizo - za 1600 makilomita, ndi "yopingasa" (kumadzulo-kum'mawa) - 500 Km.

Anthu oposa theka la dera wotanganidwa ndi nkhalango, koma 14-15% ndi Titafika pamalo ndi bogs, ndi za 9% ya dziko ali wotanganidwa ndi madzi kumtunda. chiwerengero cha mitsinje, mitsinje ndi nyanja ku Sweden ukufika 90 000. Mayina a lalikulu la nyanja - Vättern, Vänern, Mälaren, Elmeren.

Kumasulira khalidwe la mtsinje Swedish - osati kale kwambiri, koma ovuta kwambiri, ndi mathithi ndi mathithi. Channel pogona zayamba mu malangizo ochokera kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Ambiri mwa mitsinje amalowa m'Nyanja Baltic (Gulf ake Bothnia).

boma lili m'mphepete mwa nyanja mwachilungamo yaitali (makilomita 2,700 m'litali), chokongoletsedwa ndi zilumba kwabasi ndipo madoko chiyambi achilengedwe. Mayina a zilumba yaikulu Swedish - Oland ndi Gotland.

Mpumulo ndi zothandiza chuma Sweden

Nyanga otchedwa Kebnekaise ndi chimbuzi mu dziko. Mulembe izo pamwamba pa nyanja -. Zoposa 2100 mamita mpumulo mapangidwe ndi mbali amafotokoza potengera malo wa ku Scandinavia Peninsula ndi mbali ya Baltic Chishango. Apangidwe phiri dongosolo mu nthawi yake mchikakamizo cha ambiri ndithu oundana anasamutsa ofukula khalidwe mayikidwe.

Island nambala yaikulu zaka zapitazo anali pakati pa glaciation European chokhala. m'dera chidafundidwa ndi oundana zake zamphamvu, yopambana chilemba cha 1500 m. Asayansi anakhazikitsa kuli omaliza chimakwirira ngati pafupifupi pafupi Stockholm ano. Izo zinachitika pafupi 100 zaka zapitazo. oundana ena yaikulu ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja kumpoto kwa Gulf wa Bothnia, seveni kapena eyiti zikwi zapitazo.

A pang'ono madera

Izo zimatengera malo chuma mchere wa dziko maonekedwe a mpumulo Swedish. m'gawo lake akhoza kugawidwa mu madera kumpoto ndi kum'mwera achilengedwe. Kumpoto Sweden inali makamaka pa phiri, lagawidwa chapamwamba, pakati ndi kutsikira ofukula lamba. Pankhani mchere ndi zinthu zina achilengedwe, Norland yachonde atagwira woyamba wa mabacteria izi aumbike madipoziti makamaka moraine ndi peat bogs. M'dera la gombe kumadzulo ya Gulf of Bothnia kumeneko assemblage a m'dambo m'madzi.

Plateau Norland ndiko kuchimake kwa madipoziti lalikulu miyala. Wofunika kwambiri mofanana ndi nkhokwe zazikulu za matabwa. Part zigwa kumpoto olemera dothi lachonde zimene zimagwiritsa ntchito kwa ziweto.

Kum'mwera kwa dziko (pa malo okwera a Småland, madambo ku Central Sweden ndi Skåne Peninsula) ndi makampani makamaka kuikapo maganizo a dziko ndi ulimi wake. Ibid - anthu apamwamba osalimba. Småland mogwirizana ndi nyengo yake ndi wofatsa malo yabwino kwambiri pa moyo wa munthu.

Pa dothi zosafunika ulimi kukula nkhalango makamaka coniferous. Ndithu mbali yaikulu ya gawo lawo ataphimbidwa ndi peat bogs. Skåne - Sweden South - zigwa pafupifupi kwathunthu analima zosowa za ulimi. Pali zabwino chonde nthaka, zomwe ndi zosavuta kusamalira ndi kupeza mkulu zokolola. Zigwa interspersed ndi zitunda miyala ya kutalika yaing'ono motsatizana kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa. Pamene nthawi kwabasi kumveka m'nkhalango kuwoloka anali ndi chithope predominance mitengo deciduous (phulusa, thundu, mapulo, mumamera). Kenako, nkhalango zokongola zawonongedwa ndi manja a anthu.

Sweden chuma Zothandiza - mwachidule za mitundu ikuluikulu

Chinthu chapadera cha Swedish subsoil - chuma zitsulo ndi umphawi wachibale wa utsi mchere. Mtunda mbali ndi mchere wofunika Sweden zogwirizana mbiri yakale. Ndiyamika outcrops kwambiri chiyambi magmatic ndi metamorphic zilipo nkhokwe ndithu ores zachitsulo. A pang'ono kwambiri mofanana nyanja miyala chikhalidwe anachititsa pakalibe pafupifupi mafuta, gasi ndi malasha.

Swedish chitsulo madipoziti miyala angathe kuchitidwa mmodzi wa wolemera kwambiri mu dziko. Izi imakhudzanso anthu ambiri nkhokwe miyala, ndi okhutira zitsulo mu miyalayo. The chigawo choyamba ndi biliyoni 3 chinkafunika matani, ndipo zili pafupifupi wa zitsulo mu miyalayo kuposa 60%.

Pa kutipatsa chithunzi - Sweden zothandiza mchere (waukulu nyama zamoyo).

Pati

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zili zobisika waukulu wothandiza mchere Sweden? Kuposa 4/5 la nkhokwe chitsulo miyalayo dziko wambiri chigawo kofunika kwambiri chitsulo miyala. Inkakhala ku Lapland kupitirira Arctic Circle. Gawo waukulu wotchedwa Kirunavaara ndiponso malinga ndi akatswiri, lili osati matani zosakwana biliyoni 1.6.

Lapp wolemera miyala lili woipa mkulu wa zitsulo - osachepera 2/3. Koma kupatula kuti, pali zambiri ndi phosphorous. N'chifukwa chake miyala kuli kovuta kusungunula. Gwiritsani ntchito chuma zothandiza mu Sweden pamlingo malonda anayamba okha ndi kukhazikitsa Thomas ndondomeko yadothi zimene zinachitika kumayambiriro kwa XIX ndi XX zaka.

Wina wa m'madera a chitsulo, wotchedwa Bergslagen ndi kuyambira Zapakati, ili mu gawo pakati pa dziko. Ndi kuchuluka kwa miyala, iye chivomereza kumpoto, koma zipangizo zopangira ali yotengedwa lili yocheperako kuchuluka sulfure zoipa ndi phosphorous, kotero kuti akhala akugwiritsa ntchito zofuna za makampani, makamaka zitsulo.

Tiyeni tikambirane za zitsulo sanali akakhala

Mofananamo, cholukanalukana Geological kapangidwe ndi mchere chuma cha Sweden, zokhudza zitsulo sanali akakhala. Ikani waukulu wa madipoziti awo - pa Norlandskom yachonde. Mu Buliden m'dera - Kristineberg ali ndi zovuta lalikulu la madipoziti ndi sulphide miyala. Mu dongosolo lawo - unyinji wa mkuwa, kutsogolera nthaka, siliva, golide, Arsenic, galasi. Mwazina, m'dera Laysvall ali kutsogolera munda, ndipo mu Aitik - mkuwa. Olemera pa madipoziti European lonse mkuwa ku Central Sweden mogwirizana ndi ntchito yaitali kwambiri italowa ndipo panopa yopanda phindu malonda.

Kodi ena zinthu zothandiza Sweden chichitike pa m'gawo lake? Pali mungapeze ndi madipoziti bituminous shale amene kunyamula nkhokwe kutali ang'onoang'ono a ureniamu. Akuti chiwerengero cha tonnes 317 000. chithunzi ichi ndi 20% ya nkhokwe okwana maiko capitalist.

Koma chitukuko wake wa ureniamu zobala shales amafuna patsogolo kwambiri. njirayi si kwambiri yosafuna polingalira za masiku ano mu mlingo mtengo ureniamu yaiwisi.

Olemera miyala ya Norrbotten ndi Bergslagen khalidwe chitsulo zigawo miyala amadziwika osati m'dzikoli komanso a dziko lonse lapansi. Mu Norrbotten - zambiri madipoziti mkuwa galasi. Chiwerengero cha iwo kunja uko - za 100. m'chigawo anaitana Västerbotten ndi Bergslagen zokhudza chapakati Sweden, komanso ali olemera mu miyala ndi mkuwa pyrites.

Mafuta mu Sweden

Onsewa dziko mchere Sweden pafupifupi wotopa. A ochepa minda mafuta odziwika zili ku Central European mafuta ndi gasi beseni. Mu Sweden afika zochepa za izo, kuphimba miyeso ya dongosolo la makilomita 30 000 lalikulu. Iwo ali pa chilumba cha Gotland mu kumpoto chakumadzulo. Dzina yaikulu kwambiri za m'minda - Hamra. zitsime zamafuta kumeneko, malinga ndi akatswiri, ndi za 20 000 tonnes.

Likupezeka mu dziko, ndi malasha, koma tanthauzo la nkhokwe yake mwakhama Komabe. Apa, thandizo ndi mchere wofunika Sweden cholukanalukana mwachindunji. Msoko makulidwe wake -. Osati kuposa 0,8 mamita Malasha madipoziti (Öresund, Höganäs) angapezeke m'chigawo cha Skåne, yomwe ili ku gombe la kumadzulo kwa Sweden.

Ngati kudzakhala mu Sweden zitsulo zamtengo wapatali? wochepa golide ndi siliva concomitantly opangidwa pa processing wa madipoziti sulfide miyala. Komabe, mu Enasene pali mwina yekha wa golide-minda.

Za nyengo Swedish

Ngati mayiko onse a ku Scandinavia, chofala cha Swedish imagona pansi wosanjikiza wa chisanu. Ichi ndi chifukwa malo mbali mapiri Denmark. Iwo amagwira ntchito ya chotchinga kwa otaya ufulu wa mpweya misa chinyezi akubwera kuchokera Atlantic. The zosiyanasiyana za nyengo Swedish wachita chidwi ndi ntchito yofunika kutalika kwa dziko motsogozedwa meridional.

kumadera a kum'mawa ndi kum'mwera kwa dzikoli chifukwa madzi ofunda ya Gulf Stream ndi apanyanja kotentha nyengo ndi kosangalatsa pang'ono kuti chokhala. Mu January kutentha ndi zambiri mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera - ⁰S 3 - 15 ⁰S. Mu July - 10-17 ⁰S.

mvula pachaka za 300-800 mamilimita mvula. Popeza osakhalitsa ochepa awo, pali chinyezi owonjezera. Mogwirizana ndi chinthu chotsiriza mu gawo la dzikolo makamaka madzi okhaokha.

Mu lamapiri madera kumpoto kum'mawa kwa dzikoli, makamaka kunja kwa Arctic Circle, nyengo subarctic khalidwe. A mbali yaikulu ya Gawo kumpoto yokutidwa mapepala ayezi, ndi zambiri oundana phiri m'chigwa.

Za mitsinje Swedish ndi nyanja

Mchere madipoziti ku Sweden - osati chuma zachilengedwe. Onse mbali pamwamba nyengo, zimachititsa chilumbachi ndi dongosolo Geological ku Sweden ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana nyanja alipo ndi mitsinje likufotokoza mapu a dziko ndi maukonde wandiweyani. Swedish mitsinje, kawirikawiri ndi zigwa yopapatiza ndi Kulikongoletsa chochuluka mathithi ndi mathithi. Nthawi zambiri, ntchito zawo monga magwero mphamvu.

Ngati tikulingalira mtsinje hydropower monga mmodzi wa zachilengedwe za dziko, ndi chuma kwambiri ndi amene kuyamba mu mapiri Scandinavia (malo otsetsereka awo kum'mawa), ikuyenda mwa Norlandskomu yachonde ndi kuyenderera mu Gulf wa Bothnia. maina awo - Ongermanelven, dalälven, Lule, Umeelv, Indalsälven. Mitsinje Njira ndi nyanja ambiri wambiri yophunzitsa nyanja ngati kuti zinthu monga malo achilengedwe. Iwo akhoza kupereka madzi kutuluka lamulo m'kupita kwa chaka.

Lake - kunangosanduka mbali ya malo ankaikira m'mayiko monga Sweden ndi Finland. Pansi ziziwasangulutsa osachepera 8% ya dziko. M'katikati mwa nyanja Vänern, Sweden mu Europe - yaikulu. Pa kutuluka kwa mtsinje Göta Älv ali mathithi Kumwambamwamba, amene ntchito, akuika pa izo wamphamvu opangira magetsi zomera ndi zingapo wotumizira maloko.

Zomera za dziko lapansi

Pomaliza - mawu ochepa za chuma zomera Sweden. Pafupifupi onse m'gawo lake, koma chifukwa cha kum'mwera kwambiri, a ku dera podzolic. Iwo sanena ndi zopindulitsa ulimi. More oyenera pa nkhani imeneyi ndi mitundu nthaka sod-podzolic, anakhala ambiri otsika ndi nyanja Middle Sweden.

Forest dothi bulauni, amene amaonedwa chonde koposa zonse, analipo dera la Scandinavia Peninsula, yomwe ili kum'mwera kwa dziko. Makamaka olemera chilumba Skane.

Zomera Sweden ukufanizidwa makamaka mwa nkhalango, kubisala oposa 50% za gawolo. m'dera lawo -. mahekala opitirira mamiliyoni 23, kuti mwa chizindikiro ichi boma nayo malo oyamba mwa mayiko a ku Ulaya. Zambiri za nkhalango akupanga coniferous. Cha kumpoto, pa dera la kumalo ozizira Lapland, kukula pa malo otsetsereka a m'nkhalango pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka pamwamba m'malo pa birch wokhotakhota. More chimafikira pamwamba paphiri Titafika pamalo m'nkhalango ndere, Moss, mlombwa ndi birches nyenyezi yaing'ono.

Only mu miyezi ya chilimwe, malo wankhanza wa mapiri ndi molimba ukufalikira udzu mu udzu wobiriwira. Titafika pamalo zomera chimakwirira osachepera 1/8 la danga. Mitengo ikuluikulu-Ndalankhula akhoza kukamba za klone, thundu, linden ndi phulusa. M'madera a kum'mwera kwa dzikoli akhoza kukumana ndi nkhalango mumamera.

Kodi pali zambiri mu Sweden nkhuni

Osati mmodzi wa Sweden mchere yekha akukankha pakati pa flagships ya zachuma. Malinga ndi limodzi la zinthu zofunika kwambiri zachilengedwe - chuma matabwa - Sweden wa atsogoleri European kunja. M'chaka zinabala kiyubiki mamita biliyoni 2.3, ndipo pafupifupi onse a adzaupereka kwa conifers ndi. Woterowo m'munsi lalikulu gwero la dziko ndi bwino olemera kupala matabwa ndi zamkati ndi pepala mafakitale.

Ngati cha m'ma chatha panali yodula moona woipitsitsawu nkhalango wapatali, mayendedwe ake m'zaka zaposachedwapa kwambiri mochedwa. State anakhala ndalama zambiri kuti kubwezeretsa ndi kudula malo achilengedwe ndi kusintha kapangidwe kake. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, zokolola za m'deralo ndi nkhalango chawonjezeka kwambiri.