Mbali yaikulu ya malo m'madzi ndi ... katundu m'madzi malo

Madzi kalekale osati chofunika moyo, komanso malo zamoyo zambiri. Iwo ali zingapo zochititsa wapadera, zomwe ife kufotokoza m'nkhani ino.

M'madzi malo: khalidwe

zingapo zachilengedwe akuwonetseredwa mu lililonse malo - mavuto moyo anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Poyerekeza ndi pansi mpweya, malo m'madzi (kalasi 5 ikufotokoza nkhani imeneyi m'njira madera) amakhala ndi osalimba mkulu ndi kuthamanga dontho noticeable. Mbali kanukanu ndi pang'ono oxygen. nyama za m'madzi, zamoyo za m'madzi amene ayitanidwa, zosiyanasiyana ndinazolowera moyo wotere.

magulu Environmental wa zamoyo za m'madzi

Ambiri mwa zamoyo lolunjika pa makulidwe a madzi a m'nyanja. Iwo ndi ogwirizana magulu awiri: zomera ndi nektonic. Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo mabakiteriya buluu wobiriwira algae, modabwitsa, nkhanu zing'onozing'ono, ndi zina zotero. N. Ngakhale kuti ambiri a iwo akhoza kusambira okha, sangathe kupirira mafunde amphamvu. Choncho, kusunthira zamoyo planktonic madzi panopa. Anatengera kwa malo m'madzi akuwonetseredwa mu kukula yaing'ono, kulemera zochepa ndi kukhalapo kwa outgrowths khalidwe.

Kuti nekton zamoyo nsomba, cephalopods, nyama za m'madzi. Iwo sadalira mphamvu ndi akulowera ndi kuyenda mu madzi okha. Izi zimathandiza kuti mawonekedwe streamlined matupi awo ndi zipsepse bwino anayamba.

gulu lina la zamoyo za m'madzi ndi perifeton. Izi zikuphatikizapo okhala madzi, omwe amagwira kwa gawo lapansi ndi. chinkhupule izi, ena algae, ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono matanthwe. M'malire a madzi ndi chilengedwe pansi mpweya lokhalamo neuston. Izi zili choncho makamaka tizilombo, amene chikugwirizana ndi filimu madzi.

Katundu malo m'madzi

Pakati pa zinthu zachilengedwe za chilengedwe madzi atenge otsogolera kutentha ndi kuwala zinthu. Iwo akhoza ankaona kuti Kuchepetsa. Choncho, kuya pazipita limene pali zomera pafupifupi 270 m. Kumeneko algae wofiira kuyamwa kuwala anamwazikana. zinthu zambiri kwa dzuwa palibe.

M'madzi malo, amene khalidwe ndi yaikulu kwambiri, ndi zizindikiro ngakhale osiyana monga kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ndiyamika nyama zake zingakhudze moyo yekha pa kuya ena.

zinthu kutentha

Mbali yaikulu ya chilengedwe amadzimadzi ndi poyerekeza ndi mpweya ndi osaonekera kusinthasintha kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, mu zigawo pamwamba pa nyanja, chithunzi ichi alibe upambana madigiri 10-15 pamwamba ziro. A kutentha madzi pa akuya zonse. poleka m'munsi ukufika madigiri -2 centigrade. kutentha amenewa amaperekedwa ndi mkulu enieni kutentha mphamvu madzi.

chiwalitsiro Madamu

Mbali ina yaikulu ya chilengedwe amadzimadzi ndi kuya kwa dzuwa mphamvu amachepetsa. Choncho, zamoyo amene zimadalira chizindikiro ichi sangakhoze kukhala moyo pa kuya kwambiri. Choyamba zonse zikukhudza algae. Pamakhala 1500m kuwala Kodi mkatikati konse. nkhanu ena, coelenterates, nsomba ndi nkhono ndi chuma cha bioluminescence. Izi nyama pa nyanja okha kubala kuwala ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni zamadzimadzi. Ndi chizindikiro ngati iwo tilankhule wina ndi mnzake.

kuthamanga madzi

Pacimake kumiza chosiyanasiyana amayamba kuthamanga madzi. 10 m, chithunzi ichi limatuluka mkhalidwe. Choncho, ambiri a nyama ndinazolowera yekha kuti akuya zina ndi anzawo. Mwachitsanzo, annelid mphutsi moyo yekha mu zone ya intertidal, ndi coelacanth ayanjane 1000 m.

Kupita misa madzi

Kayendedwe ka madzi angakhale ndi uthunthu osiyana ndi zinthu. Choncho, kusintha dziko lathu malo ake ku dzuwa ndi mwezi amachititsa pamaso m'nyanja ndi nyanja, mafunde. Mphamvu yokoka dziko lapansi ndiponso zochita za mphepo ndi otaya m'mitsinje. Kayendedwe zonse madzi amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Ndi kayendedwe maulendo ataliatali a magulu osiyanasiyana a zamoyo za m'madzi, magwero a chakudya ndi mpweya, umene uli wofunika kwambiri. Popeza kuti zili mpweya kwambiri madzi nthawi 20 poyerekeza chilengedwe pansi mpweya.

anachita pamene mpweya mu madzi kumeneko? Izi ndi chifukwa mayamwidwe ndi algae zinthu zimene kugwira photosynthesis. Chifukwa chiwerengero chawo amachepetsa ndi kuya yafupika ndipo anthu ambiri oxygen. Mu zigawo pansi, chithunzi ichi ndi kochepa ndipo amalenga pafupifupi anaerobic. Mbali yaikulu ya chilengedwe amadzimadzi n'chakuti ndende mpweya amachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka amenewa ndi kutentha.

Chizindikiro cha amenewa madzi

Aliyense akudziwa kuti madzi abwino ndi mchere. Sichanzeru zikuphatikizapo m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja. amenewa index amayezedwa ppm. ndalamazo kwa zolimba kuti ali mu 1 g wa madzi. The amenewa pafupifupi a m'nyanja 35 ppm. Mlingo wotsikitsitsa ndi nyanja, yomwe ili pa mitengo yonyamulira ya dziko. Ichi ndi chifukwa nthawi limatsogolera madzi oundana - midadada yaikulu madzi achisanu atsopano. Ambiri a dziko ndi mchere Dead Sea. Palibe mitundu umodzi wa zamoyo. amenewa ake ali pafupi 350 ppm. Ku zinthu mankhwala mu madzi chimaposa chlorine, sodium ndi magnesium.

Motero, mbali yaikulu ya chilengedwe amadzimadzi ndi osalimba wake wapatali, kukhuthala, otsika kutentha kusiyana. Zamoyo ndi kuwonjezeka kuya okha mwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mpweya. kukhala m'madzi, ndipo amatchedwa zamoyo za m'madzi, zingathandize madzi kapena kusuntha paokha. Kukhala chilengedwe, ali angapo zimasintha: pamaso pa gill kupuma, zipsepse streamlined thupi mawonekedwe, ang'ono wachibale thupi, ndi outgrowths lililonse.