Western Dvina (Tver dera): nyengo ndiponso tchuthi. Gwero la mtsinje, ndi nsomba za Western Dvina

Mtsinje Western Dvina - ndi waterway kumpoto kwa Ulaya. Wasefukira kudzera m'dera la Latvia, Belarus ndi Russia. Dzina la kale la mtsinje - ndi Hesin Eridanus. Chimayambira mu dera Tver. Apa iye pang'onopang'ono kupeza mphamvu, kugwedeza kudutsa mayiko atatu ndi kubwezeretsanso madzi ake Baltic Sea. M'dera Tver m'mphepete mwa mtsinje anati m'nkhalango yowirira ndi tauni yaing'ono ya dzina chomwecho, chimene chiri, mwa zina, likulu Zapadnodvinsky District.

Mzinda wakale wa Dvina Western (Tver dera)

Mbiri ya m'dera limeneli zaka zisanu. Malinga ndi kafukufuku pofukula, ndi kuthetsa woyamba pano zapakati pa nyengo Neolithic. Kunja kwa mzinda wa mzinda anatulukira wamkulu Asilavo Pamudzi, amene amalola kuti maganizo oti kalelo chuma madzi m'maderawa ntchito ndi makolo athu monga mtsempha wamagazi zoyendera ndipo anapanga malo awa wapadera wokongola kwa miyoyo ya anthu. Moyo sanali chete m'madera amenewa, pa anthu omwe nthawi zonse kuukira amachokera ku Baltic Nyanja Lithuanians. Chifukwa, ndi chiyambi chabe cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu, anthuwo amawanda adakwanitsa kupambana m'dziko lanu zaka 150. Komabe, pa Livonia nkhondo (zaka 1558-1573) analinso yolimbirana dera limeneli. Mu gawo loyamba, Ivan Grozny anakakamizika kusiya kalonga awo Chilituyaniya Bathory. Komabe, ndi mapeto a asilikali nkhondo zapadnodvinsky m'mphepete kachiwiri linaphatikizidwa boma Moscow. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri apa atalanda ankhondowo Chipolishi Swedish. Ndipo basi pakati pa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi m'derali, kachitidwe chitukuko zachuma ndi chikhalidwe.

Mzinda wamakono wa Dvina Western (Tver dera)

Pa nkhondo zambiri ndi kuthetsa wakale ratu kunja. Ndipo okha makumi Mu zaka zapitazo, ukuoneka m'mudzi, ndi kuthetsa ndiye m'tauni ya Western Dvina. m'tawuni linakhazikitsidwa Patapita zaka khumi, chifukwa anamanga pano yaikulu matabwa mbewu. Masiku ano, Western Dvina - ndi likulu Zapadnodvinsky District wa dera Tver. Malinga ndi kalembera wa 2010, anthu ake ndi anthu 10,2 zikwi. Mwangozi tiri pano alendo sadzakhala ku ichi wosiyidwa ndi Mulungu ndi munthu "spa tawuni" ndipo ali zifukwa zingapo cholinga. The kokha chidwi kuno ndi Zankhalango Works, koma pali palibe amene si kanthu, pokhapokha inu anakhala kumeneko ku ntchito, koma mungathe extremals yekha. Komabe, pali mu mzinda uno ndi zokonda zake: Museum of History ndi History Local, limene lili mu chiwerengero m'dera sukulu 1 Kirov Street mu nyumba nambala 16, akuchita Orthodox Christian mpingo Nikolaya Chudotvortsa (msewu Shcherbakova, nyumba nambala 8), anamanga ndithu posachedwapa - mu 2008. Misewu ya mbiri, chikhalidwe ndi zinthu zofukulidwa asungidwa dilapidated akachisi ndi ensembles pofukula: Mpingo wa Sergiya Radonezhskogo, Utatu Woyera, Chiwalitsiro wa Ambuye ndi Mpulumutsi wathu. Mwina mabwinja awa ndipo ndi chidwi mbiri yakale kapena zakale koma "zotsogola" apaulendo zimavuta kudabwa. Zofunikira alendo mu anayamba kwathunthu, pali malo omwera awiri okha ndi maina zokongola "Vova" ndi "Una" ndi odyera "Dvina". Mu chilungamo tisaiwale kuti m'mudzi umenewu pali mphanga ski "Mukhino", koma m'chilimwe inu kudzakhala wotopetsa ndipo uninteresting. Monga mukuonera, uthunthu ndi zochepa kwambiri, ndipo n'zomveka, chifukwa Western Dvina - mudzi mafakitale. Koma deralo ndi chidwi makamaka kwa alendo. Nawa bungwe maulendo kuti kulola kuti timudziwe bwino manda okongola kwambiri zachilengedwe: nyanja ndi Savinskoe Vysochert, ndi locus wa madzi mgoza Chilim, kutchulidwa Red buku, mbiri paki "Nikopol" imene opulumutsidwa mitengo yosowa Velesskoy chithaphwi dongosolo. Koma nthawi zambiri m'mayiko amenewa zimakopa okonda zosangalatsa madzi ndi nsomba. Kodi sizodabwitsa, chifukwa malo ndi lowonekera. Osati chikhalidwe ndi wokongola kwambiri, chotero akadali ndi mtsinje Western Dvina wolemera mitundu osowa nsomba.

Kufotokozera za thupi madzi

Western Dvina kwa nthawi yaitali munthu misewu. Pa iyo ziri njira zakale "ku Scandinavia kwa Agiriki" amene akambidwa ndi mbiri Nestor zaka 1114-1116 mu wotchuka "nthano ya makedzana Zaka". Gwero la Western Dvina - Nyanja Koryakina (Valdai Hills). The mtsinje amanyamula madzi ake chipwirikiti kudzera zigwa anagubuduza ndi matendawa, anatsala chisonyezo cha glacier wakale. The okwana kutalika kwa thupi madzi ndi makilomita 1020. Chaka chilichonse amanyamula mpaka makumi awiri makilomita kiyubiki madzi Nyanja Baltic. Nyanja beseni machitidwe muli makilomita kiyubiki inayi cha madzi abwino. Dera limeneli ndi mowolowa manja kwambiri atapatsidwa zapadera pempho. Apa kulamulira nkhalango wosanganiza, amene amafotokoza kotala ya m'dziko la beseni ndi. Mu malire chapamwamba ya mtsinje, mu nkhalango, chogwidwa ndi spruce, ndi pakati ukufika - birch, Aspen ndi alder. Polotsk kumveka kukula makamaka nkhalango pine.

Geography mtsinje

Pa mapu Western Dvina nakokera chidwi cha wolemera ndi wobiriwira mu dziwe wanu. Iwo amakhala ndi matendawa, ambiri amene kale anali glacial nyanja. m'madera yopapatiza pa chigwa, pamalo amene mtsinje umadutsa zitunda moraine akusonyeza malo awo a mbadwa. Mmodzi wa yaikulu kwambiri nyanja kale - masiku Polotsk m'zigwa. Zimaonekera ake pafupifupi lathyathyathya kapena mokoma wavy, nthawizina kwambiri madzi, izo wapangidwa ndi dongo ndi lamba mchenga. The mtsinje chigwa unakhazikitsidwa za miliyoni 12-13 zaka zapitazo ali mbali ya si kumaliseche. Pa gawo la Belarus, m'lifupi njira zake mamita 100-300, pali pafupipafupi shoals ndi mathithi. M'madera ena chigwa itsekeke pang'ono ndipo amakhala chigwa ndi akuya mamita makumi asanu. Koma, kusiya m'chigwa Baltic, Western Dvina kwasanduka mtsinje kwambiri, njira yake mpaka mamita 800 m'lifupi, ndipo wafika pa chigwa makilomita asanu.

dziwe losambirira

Kusambira dziwe Western Dvina kupanga mitsinje yaikuluikulu zoposa zikwi khumi ndi ziwiri. The tributary yaikulu ndi Meza, m'litali ndi 259 Km ndi dera catchment - 9080 makilomita lalikulu. makhwawa zambiri zimachitika kapena ochokera ku nyanja ambiri, potero kupanga zovuta dongosolo hydrographic. Blue placer malo Lakes ophatikizana m'magulu: Ushachsky, Zarasai, Braslavsky. Yaikulu ndi Osveiskoye, Lukomskaya, Lubāns, Lake Zhizhitskoye, Drisvyaty osiyana, Drivyaty. Malo okwana nyanja kuposa makilomita lalikulu zikwi ziwiri ndipo kenako peresenti atatu okwana catchment m'dera la mtsinje.

zili nyengo

Western Dvina kuonekere mtsinje, otaya waukulu aumbike mwa limatsogolera wa matalala, amene anapeza m'nyengo yozizira. Ikufotokoza chikhalidwe cha yogawa otaya waterway m'chaka lonse. Kasupe khalidwe la madzi mkulu, mvula chigumula, amene anatsagana ndi mumapezeka kwambiri, komanso madzi osefukira wa zigwa chigumula, ndiponso, zimenezi kumathandiza kasupe nyengo mvula. Western Dvina kuti chiyambi cha chilimwe akuyamba kukhadzikika, madzi anabwerera kama mtsinje, ndi mwa mwezi wa June analemba kuchepa kwambiri madzi. Pa yotsalayo zimadalira runoff matope ndi pansi. M'chilimwe ndi autumn, pamene nyengo ya mvula ibwera, Western Dvina ndingawafikitse m'malire awo. M'nyengo yozizira, voliyumu amachepetsa kwambiri, pa nthawi ino, mlingo kunsi kwa mtsinje, chifukwa maziko a mphamvu yake mmwamba pansi.

oopsa mtsinje

Koma sindikuganiza kuti moyo wa mtsinje nthawi yozizira madzi otsika chotero wopambana. Masika pamene mtsinje ali ndi ayezi, slush pa zimakhalira. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, madzi amalenga zosiyanasiyana zowopseza - zazhery. Mtsinje pa malo ake osiyana kotheratu mutadzala slush, chifukwa milingo mtsinje adzauka kwambiri, kulenga chigumula ndiponso madzi osefukira yaikulu kumtunda. A chodabwitsa ofanana zingachitike mu kasupe, pamene njira yatsekera ndi ayezi.

Anthu apite, koma mtsinje umayenda ...

Kuyambira nthawi anthu makedzana ndayesera zikhale mtsinje capricious kusintha kwa zofuna zawo zachuma. Lero, pa Western Dvina analenga kugwa ongokhala Madamu zitatu zazikulu. zinthu zake wolemera madzi ntchito hydro ndi gawo matenthedwe mphamvu, madzi zolinga zoyendera zosangalatsa kusodza. malo wolemera zipilala a zomangamanga wakale, amene ali mboni za zinthu zambiri mbiri. Mwachitsanzo, mkulu Chibelarusi mizinda - Polotsk - imakongoletsa wakale St. Sophia Cathedral. Ndi chipilala cha mamangidwe a atumwi khumi. Mu mzinda womwewo ndipo tinkagwira ntchito Simeon wa Polotsk ndi George Skorina, ndi wina wa nyumba anakhala Peter pankhondo Swedish. mzinda wina wakale - Vitebsk (zofunika kwambiri ochitirapo malonda pa njira "ku Scandinavia kwa Agiriki") - kuyambira zaka chikwi.

Usodzi Western Dvina

Izi ngodya lapadera dera Tver amakopa alendo ndi okonda nsomba zambiri. Zachilengedwe gawo wochezeka (umenewu ndi umboni Zikho Onse-Russian mpikisano "malo zosawononga chilengedwe choyera") lili ndi nyanja ndi zinthu chinsomba chachikulu, chimene sadzasiya mwayi uliwonse kwa kuluma zoipa. Wapadera ndi Western Dvina mtsinje, yokutidwa ndi nkhalango amapanga zambiri za chirengedwe pa deralo. Izi chinthu amadzimadzi amakopeka mafani angling chub. Pambuyo pa mtsinje kwambiri, ngakhale kudutsa anthu ku makilogalamu atatu. A ambiri Mbali ake kumathandiza kuti mtsinjewu: kuno muli mathithi, shoals, zilumba ndi boulders yaikulu. m'malo onsewa ali ngati maginito kukopa nsomba, makamaka masikono. Mu kasupe ndi oyambirira chilimwe ndi chub anagwira patsogolo pawo, pa khomo la maenje, ndipo mpaka mochedwa yophukira - kwa iwo, kumene banki zipita mozama.

Inu sindimakonda kuti mtundu wa nsomba? Lolemera Dvina ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba monga Pike ndi nsomba. Fans sangathenso chintchito udzapeza ndi kumva mawu amenewa. nsomba nyengo akuyamba kumapeto kwa May. Panthawi imeneyi, madzi mu mtsinje kugwa ndithu, ndi pafupi woyendera nthambi m'mphepete mwa nyanja akhoza kusunga mkulu wa ndende sing'anga-kakulidwe Pike ndi makilogalamu theka. Iye anamugwira mitundu yonse ya nyambo, koma amakonda ndi spinners. Nsomba ndi wangwiro kuluma mu zazing'ono "pinwheel» (№ 0-2). Anagwira kuno makamaka mabuku a magalamu 400. Popeza theka lachiwiri la m'chilimwe ndi mpaka pakati pa October, anagwira Pike yolemera makilogalamu 2-3 zina zambiri.