Mbiri chithunzi Ivana Kality, Kalonga wa Moscow

Ivan Danilovich anabadwa padziko 1280, anakhalako zaka pafupifupi 60, imene bwino m'bwalolo ndale, atapeza pa nthawi mphamvu yaikulu ndi mphamvu. Chifukwa chuma chawo ndi thandizo zonse kwa osauka analitcha Kalita - "ndalama m'thumba".

Mbiri chithunzi Ivana Kality limafotokoza kuti iye wamasomphenya ndi wonyenga wandale, wankhondo wolimba mtima ndi mwini wabwino. Ndipo Iye anaika maziko a chuma cha dziko Russian, lotsogoledwa ndi Moscow ukulu.

zaka zoyambirira

Ivan I - mdzukulu wa wotchuka Aleksandra Nevskogo, mwana wamng'ono wa Daniel Alexandrovich, Kalonga wa Moscow. Za ubwana wake ndi unyamata silidziŵika. Kutchula koyamba za Ivan anapanga m'mbiri ya Novgorod Wamkulu ndipo amatanthauza 1296, pamene achinyamata Prince anakhala kazembe wa mzinda wa chifuniro cha atate wake.

Patapita zaka zingapo bambo wake anamuika kuti azitsogolera Pereslavl-Zaleski. Nthawiyi amadziwika okha kuti 1304 Pereyaslavl anaukira Tver mbuye Akinfiev. Ivan kumbuyo mzinda kwa nthawi yoyamba kulengeza ngati mkulu ulemerero. Pambuyo kuwina yonena chawonjezeka kwambiri.

Bambo ake atamwalira mu 1303 pa mpando wachifumu Moscow anakhala mwana wamkulu Yuri Danilovich, amene analamulira mpaka 1325. Kujambula chithunzi mbiri Ivana Kality, munthu musaiwale kuti pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa m'bale wake, anali mnzake wokhulupirika, konse anaperekedwa ndi kuluka zokhota kutsutsana naye. Yuri Ivan kukhulupirira kwathunthu, mwakachetechete nametnikom ake akachokapo. kuchita zimenezi anali kupatula nthawi imeneyo pamene anayamba kulamulira mwa mwazi ndi fratricide.

Mbiri chithunzi Ivana Kality monga Kalonga wa Moscow

Yuri anapanga kulakwitsa koopsya pamene, mu 1321, kusonkhanitsa msonkho dziko Russian, osati kumutenga Golden gulu Khan, kuika mu makope, pofuna kupeza ndalama. Chiuzibeki Khan anauzidwa zimenezi, anakwiya kwambiri ndi kumana amene watilakwira wa Board ya malamulo. Mu 1325, Yuri anapita horde ndi pempho kum'bwezera kwa chizindikiro pa bolodi, koma anadula imfa. Chiuzibeki Khan yoikidwiratu Duke wa Moscow Ivan Danilovich.

Zaka zoposa 20 za dzanja lamanja la Yuri Danilovich, Ivan ndimadziwa za Affairs ukulu wonse. ulamuliro wake, iye anayamba ndi kusuntha zosayembekezereka - anasamukira ku Moscow dipatimenti Metropolitan Peter, gulu limodzi kuti Moscow pakati wauzimu wa Russia. Pambuyo Prince zhetoko mwamsanga ndipo anachitira ndi achifwamba, amene nthawi zonse anaukira amalonda. Safe zamalonda posachedwa kutsitsimutsa msika. Mu Moscow, anayamba kuyenda ndalama. Iwo akunena chithunzi mbiri Ivana Kality monga wandale mochenjera kwambiri.

Mu 1327 kunali zipolowe ku Tver, amene anaphedwa ndi gulu kazembe Chol Khan. Pokwiya ndi Chiuzibeki Khan anapondereza chiwembu, imene zinamuthandiza Ivan Kalita. Amayamikira kukhulupirika ndi Khan anamupatsa iye chizindikiro pa gulu la Kostroma ndi Novgorod. Ivan, ntchito malo Uzbeks anapempha chilolezo chake kusonkhanitsa msonkho dziko Russian ndi kubweretsa izo kwa gulu la. Khan anavomera, ndipo kuyambira ndi Tartars simuzikhalanso mu chuma Kalita. Prince kwa zaka 40 wapereka mtendere wa mumtima mayiko awo.

Choncho, nthawi, Prince Ivan Kalita anapanga Muscovy pakati wauzimu wa Russia, anapereka chuma ndi chitetezo.

Dongosolo la zinthu

Mbiri chithunzi Ivana Kality kuthandiza kulenga chorology moyo wake:

• 1331 - anakwatira mwana wa Simeon pa kalonga Chilituyaniya poganiza Choncho mtendere osalimba ndi Lithuania;
• 1336 - atathamangitsidwa kuukira pa Chilituyaniya Grand Duke Gediminas mayiko Novgorod, analandira udindo wa Kalonga wa Novgorod;
• 1338 - chiyambi cha ntchito yomanga ya agulupa ya Utatu;
• 1340 - anaukira Smolensk, amene anakana kupereka msonkho kwa chiguluchi, kuteteza Moscow Kremlin inamangidwa pa mtengowo.

Land ndi chikhalidwe ndondomeko

Ivan Kalita, ulamuliro wa Munthu wotereyu kulimbitsa malo Muscovy anagwirizana ukwati wa decherey awo Beloozero, Galich ndi Uglich, adagula kapena ankagulitsa pa 50 midzi yozungulira ndi midzi pafupi Kostroma, Rostov, Vladimir, pa magombe a Kirzhach Mtsinje ndi MSTA, m'dziko Novgorod, kuwayika akuluakulu ake onse. Mphamvu ya mkulu wa Moscow chawonjezeka amazipanga. Koma sanasonyeze kuti chiguluchi Khan, wosunga bata ndi mtendere wa maiko Russian.

Mu ulamuliro wa Ivan Kalita anamanga matchalitchi ambiri aang'ono. Anayamba kaye lamulo la motsatizana malinga ndi bambo a mphamvu ankadutsa mwana wamkulu. Izi zachititsa kuti Kupha mezhduusobits ochuluka.