Mbiri, chitukuko ndi chikhalidwe cha Tatarstan

Republic masiku ano amadziwika pansi pa dzina la Tatarstan, ali ndi mbiri wolemera. Umboni woyamba wa Pamudzi anthu pa tsiku limeneli dziko kumbuyo kwa nyengo Paleolithic. Ngakhale kunali manda woyamba za zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zakale zokumba pansi.

History of the Republic of Tatarstan

Ndi chitukuko cha zamanja ndi kusintha nyengo inasintha ndi zotsatira za ntchito anthu. Pa kusintha kuchokera Mkuwa kwa Iron Age anatuluka ndipo anayamba ananyino chikhalidwe, ndiAmene chimene anakakhala Volga-Kame. Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti nthawi ya ku VIII m'ma VII BC pa gawo ili anaonekera mafuko Sarmatian ndi Gorodets chikhalidwe.

History of Tatarstan limasonyeza kuti kusintha kwa nyengo yatsopano ya zipilala chikhalidwe dzinache "pyanoborskaya". Iwo anaikira mu wotsika Kama. Pa III-IV m'zaka za dziko lino adayamba umalowa mu Turkic ndi Ugric mafuko a Siberia, lomwe kenako anatha aithamangitse anthu zakwawoko ku mtsinje wa Kama Mtsinje. Izi zikuchitidwa umboni ndi Turayevo n'chodabwitsa, ndi chipilala mbiri. Anapeza m'manda pamodzi ndi ankhondo chida. Pa IV ndi VII zaka m'dera waukulu wa dziko la masiku ano la Tatarstan anthu Kukhala Imenkov chikhalidwe.

chitukuko cha Tatarstan

Ngakhale kuti chikhalidwe ndi chuma cha boma anali chosiyana kwambiri, pamwamba V - VIII zaka Kama ndikumverera mphamvu ya m'mayiko osauka gunii Volga ndi Western Turkic ndi Khazar Khanate.

History of Tatarstan watchula kuli Volga Bulgaria mu nthawi VIII - XIII zaka.

deta olembedwa anasunga kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, musataye mudziwe woona bwereza za boma. Komabe, amaganiza kuti apa kunali mbali ya dera la Chigawo chakumpoto Volga: Zakamye, Predkame, ndi Pre. Olemba mbiri ena amavomereza kuti malire a kumpoto cha Volga Bulgaria anadutsa banki lamanja la Kama ndi kumadzulo - pamodzi Sviyagi. Kum'mawa malire a mtsinje analambalala Shischmu ndi kum'mwera anali pafupi Samara Bend. Pakali pano, ofufuza ena inakonda malingaliro osiyana, kutanthauza kuti Bulgaria malire anali onse zambiri.

Nthawi yotsatira mu mbiri ya dziko la Tatarstan - mapangidwe wa Kazan Khanate. tate wake ndi Kazan Khan - Ulu Muhammad. Mzinda Kazan mu 1438 ndipo anachotsa Chibugariya kalonga, iye analalikira khanate ndipo anakhazikitsa ufumuwo. Zotsatira zake zinali boma anakhala m'malo malamulo a Bulgaria. Kenaka mu 1552, Kazan anagwidwa ndi Tsar Ivan IV, ndi m'madera anagonjetsa limodzi ndi Moscow State. Kuyambira nthawi, ndi yogwira kukula kwa Tatarstan.

Pakali pano, likulu la dziko la Tatarstan ndi mmodzi wa akuluakulu malo chikhalidwe, ndale sayansi Russia.

The kwabasi Republic of Russia

Tatarstan Nature anathandiza chakuti dera lino zachitika ndi kufalitsa zokopa alendo. Pa nthawi imeneyi, izo merges awiri mitsinje yaikulu - ndi Volga ndi Kama. Pamaso pa wofatsa kotentha chokhala nyengo limachititsa kukhala pogwiritsa ski, amene alibe analogues m'dziko lathu. Nature wa Republic of Tatarstan ooneka ndi kukongola kwake. Panorama view la Mtsinje Kama, agwedeza, ndi kukongola yosatheka kuneneka pa phiri, madambo bewitches, kukakamiza alendo kuti abwerere kuno kawiri kawiri. Ngakhale mbadwa sitingaleke akutama chikhalidwe cha dziko kwawo. Tatarstan sasiya aliyense osayanjanitsika. Mu nyengo bwino dzuwa m'chizimezime kukometsera nsanja belu mipingo yachikhristu, komanso minaret a Muslim mizikiti Elaburgi. Wothwanima bedi la mtsinje ndipo ambiri nyanja, omwe akutipatsa ndi gleam yowala, ndipo wotchuka Grand Bohr sinathe kusangalatsa mafani chenicheni cha malo achilengedwe.

achisangalalo National thanzi

Nature Tatarstan ankadziwikanso kuti mankhwala. Kuphatikiza steppe mpweya, umathandizanso microclimate wosanganiza nkhalango, zimalimbikitsa zinthu mankhwala - fitontsidami, ndi madzi mchere zonse zimathandiza kuchira mofulumira thupi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ali ambiri zaka sanatoria ndipo pogwiritsa thanzi la Tatarstan ndi mwachangu climatotherapy.

malo otetezedwa

Nature wa Tatarstan wotchuka emarodi chachikulu Bohr, amene amadziwika kuti zonse zojambula ndi Russian ojambula zithunzi Shishkin "Morning mu nkhalango pine." Mkati Republic ndi ambiri osiyanasiyana ndi wolemera woodland. Izi zikuphatikizapo ngati zipika chidwi Erhov yaing'ono, rasipiberi, Olemera, Big. zinthu zachilengedwe zimenezi si anakhudzidwa ndi yogwira ntchito anthu. Apa ife kubisala zimphona bicentennial: kukongola-Oil, paini, linden. Mu kumpoto boron ndi ili mzere kusintha nyanja wamng'ono, amene kuya ranges kuchokera theka mamita asanu. Madamu oterowo ndi chidwi chachikulu mu sayansi. M'dera lawo kukula mitundu osowa kutchulidwa Red Book of Tatarstan. Mu madzi a nyanja ndi mabanki awo akhoza kukumana nthumwi izi za mdziko nyama muskrat, nayenso, buluzi, kuimba ndi waterfowl, mphalapala ndi nswala. Ndipo ndi mbali yaing'ono chabe ya mitundu ya zamoyo, zomwe wolemera chikhalidwe Tatarstan. Photo cha kukongola kwake opangidwa ndi modabwitsa omveka ndi wosaiwalika.

Pofuna cholowa achilengedwe a Republic of Tatarstan, akuluakulu anakhazikitsidwa mu 1960, Volga-Kama Reserve. Iwo lili West Predkamja, kulowa pano Raifa ndi Saralovsky malo. Malo okwana ndi mahekitala oposa zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu, zomwe aphimbidwa ndi nkhalango.

Wowoneka malo achilengedwe

Raif olekanitsidwa dziko ili chigawo Zelenodolsk makilomita makumi awiri okha zisanu ku likulu la Republic - Kazan. Makamaka chogwidwa ndi lathyathyathya mtunda, koma pali yofanana kwambiri okwera kuyambira fifite mpaka mamita wani handiredi ndi forte. Chidwi chachikulu Raifa nyanja ndi arboretum, mu zomera kukula kwa pafupifupi maiko onse a dziko. Kuli makumi asanu mitundu, pafupifupi mazana awiri mitundu ya mbalame ndi mitundu yoposa makumi atatu okhala m'madzi. M'dera la madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja osaya zili ndi amazipanga wolemera malo spawning.

zachilengedwe

Resources, amene ali olemera mu chikhalidwe Tatarstan Republic anali pa malo chachiwiri pakati pa nzika za mafuta kupanga Russian. State bwino amasunga mbiri m'matangadza minda zana ndi makumi asanu, omwe akuti pa matani biliyoni 1,734. Malinga ndi ziwerengero kuyambirira, ndi nkhokwe angathe zachilengedwe ali pafupifupi matani biliyoni 2,7. M'munsi okwana gwero, womwenso minda mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu, kudzera mwa mitundu khumi a zipangizo. Izi zikuphatikizapo Montan, nyumba ndi mitundu agromineralny. Chidali ndi bentonite, kukodzedwa dongo, mchenga kusakaniza. Iwo kupereka chiwerengero kwambiri mavuto a Republic ndi dziko lonse.

zipilala chikhalidwe

Mabwalo wolemera osati nkhokwe mchere. chidwi ndithu ndi chikhalidwe ndi zipilala la Tatarstan. Iwo ndi amtengo wapatali kwambiri. Pa nkhani imeneyi, chimodzi mwa zolinga zofunika za oyang'anira mzindawo - kupulumutsa mabwalo kwachilengedwenso ndi malo zosiyanasiyana, mbali yapadera Geological ndi malo a mitundu yosowa ya nyama ndi zomera. Zimenezi zikugwira ntchito makamaka kwa oyang'anira kutchulidwa Red Book ndi pangozi.

Natural zipilala la Republic of Tatarstan monga anasunga zachilengedwe zovuta "Kyrykmas floodplain mtsinje." maphunziro Scientific imachitika limeneli, zotsatira anasonyeza: madzi a mtsinje umenewu amapezeka mitundu twente-seveni nsomba. Zikuphatikizapo mtsinje mumapezeka nsomba, minnow wamba, Grayling European, bullhead wamba. Onse a iwo kutchulidwa Red Book la Republic of Tatarstan. Komanso, pa magombe a Kyrykmaks mtsinje armhole waona mitundu makumi asanu mbalame, seventini amene - ". Red Book ndi" Dama ndi Harrier kumunda, dambo harrier, woyera-tailed chiombankhanga ena. Pa dera la chipilala komanso kunyumba kwa mitundu amenewa kawirikawiri wa nyama ndi zomera monga anguis Chimaona, adder, moto bellied achule krasnobryuhaya.

Nature Tatarstan wolemera ndipo motero kusunga monga Krasnoborsky Geological gawo. pakuwonekera kwake amatanthauza glacial nthawi Dneprovskoe glacial lothandiza. Wapadera mlandu wa Malo otetezedwa zimathandiza kusunga gawo la zachilengedwe chipilala mbali yapadera Geological zopanda chilengedwe ndi sayansi.

Zoletsa mkati nkhokwe chikhalidwe

Mmalire a chigawo Geological Krasnoborsky ndi "floodplain Kyrykmas" anakhazikitsa malamulo oletsa. Inu simungakhoze kuchita bizinesi ndi kuthekera kungasokoneze pa zipilala za chilengedwe ndi anthu ake. Anaika zoletsedwa kotheratu Kafukufuku aliyense kufufuza mu Krasnoborsky Geological mbali pa chitukuko cha madipoziti mchere mkati mwake. Mmalire a zachilengedwe ofunika "Floodplain Kyrykmas mtsinje" n'zotheka kuyenda mu madzi ndi galimoto adzakhala sanaloledwe akulima dziko, yomanga nyumba ndi nyumba, komanso mauthenga aliyense ndi zomangamanga. Komanso, pali kuletsa kusungiramo mankhwala akupha ndi kugwira ntchito iliyonse imene angapereke kwa kusokoneza zinangokhalako zokha.

Amene ali ndi cholowa zachilengedwe?

Natural zipilala la Tatarstan M'mayiko amene ali zaulimi. Iwo boma akumeneko ndipo zili m'madera zotsatirazi: Krasnoborsk, Staroslyakovskoe, Devyaterninskoe midzi kumidzi Agryz chigawo oyang'anira tauni.

Pofuna kachitidwe zachilengedwe pali malo (kutetezedwa m'madera) kutetezedwa. Malinga ndi boma cadastre, chiwerengero chawo okwana ndi 163.

Choncho, dziko la Tatarstan ali ndi mbiri wolemera. Chifukwa cha zaphindu Hrs malo ndi wapadera malo achilengedwe, m'dera nthawi zonse ndi zopindulitsa anthu ambiri. Panopa pali chochitika yogwira Tatarstan. Chaka chilichonse inflow la alendo pofuna timudziwe bwino nkhokwe chikhalidwe ndi zipilala za m'dziko lokongolali ndi chodabwitsa.