Mchenga wotitimira mu chitsime: chochita?

Mchenga wotitimira mu bwino kawirikawiri amabwera pa mwadzidzidzi, kotero ntchito kulimbana m'pofunika kuchita nthawi yomweyo. Ngati inu adzayesa patsogolo kuphunzira makhalidwe a nthaka pa malo, ndiye zodabwitsa ayenera uka Komabe, kukumba ndi ikuchitika mu gawo loyamba ndi ntchito Geological sanali ikuchitika, kuganizira momwe vuto ili, m'pofunika pa malopo. Mulimonsemo, muyenera kuwerenga zokhudza mmene kutulutsa kusintha kasupe pansi zovuta, ndipo kodi mungachite m'tsogolo. Nkofunika kudziwa zambiri za mmene kukhala kukonza bwino kwa mchenga wotitimira, ngati milingo m'munsi anayamba matope.

A pang'ono mchenga wotitimira

Chizindikiro kuti kusinthika kwa zitsime anaonekera mchenga wotitimira, ndi kufika kwa wofiira madzi amatope, omwe amadza ndi chitsanzo nthaka. Mchenga wotitimira akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri kukula ndi machulukitsidwe madzimadzi. Iwo akhoza kukumana zinthu payekha yolimba, komanso kuundana mchenga akhala manowa. Iwo nthawizonse mosatekeseka, ikhoza kusunthidwa kapena ndi mavuto. Chotero mchenga wotitimira pamene kukumba bwino angalenge mavuto ambiri, makamaka buku yomanga.

Nthawi zina vuto limeneli amapanga ntchito zina zosatheka. Palinso quicksands, kumene mozama ndi zosakwana 3 m. Ngati nthaka si thinned kwambiri, ndiye kudutsa patali ofanana ndi vuto, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mabokosi ndi pepala mulu wapogawanikira. Ngati inu simukudziwa chikhalidwe ndi kuya mchenga wotitimira, zikhoza kukhala ndi vuto, izo zikhoza anasonyeza motere. Patapita recess mu nthaka pa mamita 12 angapezeke kuti wanga mofulumira ndithu wodzazidwa ndi madzi. Kukumba pansi pa zikhalidwe sizingatheke ndi woopsa, ndipo ngakhale khama watha, ntchitoyo ndinayima.

Titadutsa mu dzenje mchenga wotitimira mosamala pazipita, monga yomanga maganizo amene anagunda mchenga wotitimira, izo zimakhala zovuta. Nthawi zina ndime ya masentimita angapo m'pofunika kuchotsa ambiri ndowa ya madzi zauve, umene umabwera mobwerezabwereza.

Kodi kupewa mavuto

Pofuna kulimbana ndi zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni pamene ntchito kale adzakhala chabe ayenera ayambe maphunziro Geological amatithandiza kumvetsa chimene chikhalidwe cha nthaka pa malo. Chophweka njira, ngati pali bwino pa dera loyandikana. eni ake ayenera kufunsa za kukhalapo kwa mavuto opaleshoni ndiponso mchenga wotitimira. Ngati eni mowirikiza kutsukidwa bwino, koma madzi Zatsala kale loipa, dziwani kuti mchenga wotitimira ali pafupi.

Zizindikiro za mchenga wotitimira

Pamaso poyankha nkhani ya mmene angakwanitsire dzenje mchenga wotitimira, muyenera kukhala bwino ndi vutolo. Mchenga wotitimira - wosanjikiza dothi, omwe amakhala ndi zinthu zimenezi, chifukwa - izi ndi zabwino mchenga nthaka ndi inclusions organic ndi inclusions sludge. zinthu zonse amakhala ndi kofunikira kwambiri chinyezi, yafupika cohesion pakati pa particles wa mchenga ndi dongo. Akuyandama misa aikidwa opanikizika mkati M'mimbamo m'nthaka. Pamene maganizo, ichi mthumba mchenga wotitimira wayamba kudutsa mu dzenje zakale, nudzaza danga kupezeka kwa izo.

chifukwa umboni wa

Mchenga wotitimira mu chitsime sanapite lisanathe chirengedwe, kotero kulosera pakuwonekera kwake Sizotheka. Nthawi zambiri, interlayers awa akhoza kukumana ena aquifers, izo limodzi ndi mavuto ena mu kukhazikitsa earthworks. Vuto lalikulu mu pitting ndi nthaka ndi kupanda kulamulira khalidwe lake. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti bwino zikugwirizana misa pang'onopang'ono kudzaza poyambira anakumba, ndi masabata ochepa adzakhala ndi kuganizira mmene kuchotsa mchenga wotitimira mu bwino.

Polankhula

Akatswiri musati amalangiza akonzekeretse magwero madzi pansi panyanja, ngati ndi bwino dzina n'zosatheka. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti yomanga adzakhala zovuta, muli kukumba mofulumira, kuyesa ndi makumi angapo a masentimita ukubwera Unyinji wa mchenga yonyowa. Ndipotu, njira yokha yomwe inu mungakhoze phiri konkire lanu mphete. Mwa zina, ngakhale makoma kutetezedwa wa bwino silting akupitiriza, izo zidzapangitsa kuti ndalama zina mu nthawi yoyeretsa ya aquifer lapansi.

Tikumbukenso kuti ntchito ayenera limodzi ndi mchenga wotitimira zoletsedwa ndi malamulo chitetezo. Ngati inu sanaleke chenjezo, muyenera mutidziwe ndi sayansi ya mmene pochitika mchenga wotitimira pamene kukumba bwino. Pakuti zofunika kuti poyambira, umene ndi mpanda wa matabwa kapena matabwa. mchitidwe uwu ayenera kukhala, chifukwa ndi pamene adzatha chokuchititsani ntchito angapo. A Kankhani nthaka pa gawo pansi lilime ayenera kuvala zitsulo nsapato lomwe lili ndi akadaulo. Mwamsanga adzatha kukwaniritsa gawo mchenga wotitimira wa wozungulira wa bwino ayenera kuikidwa lilime anayi ndi kuzamitsa iwo masentimita 40. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti muyenera mphambu lilime pafupi makoma, ntchito mpaka Bob.

Malangizo kwa ntchito

Ngati mchenga wotitimira bwino akadali kuoneka, muyenera kusankha nthaka mkati bokosi, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kuvumbula m'munsi m'mphepete mwa lilime sikuloledwa. Apo ayi, chifukwa idzayenda pansi mchenga madzi. The mpheto pamwamba ayenera mobwerezabwereza ngati pali sadzatha kugonjetsa mchenga wotitimira onse ndiponso kukwaniritsa impermeable kaja. Njira imeneyi akuti ndi nthawi yambiri, koma mu nkhani iyi bwino adzatha kumanga paokha, popanda thandizo la akatswiri amene ntchito zovuta ndi mtengo zida.

Njira ina

Ngati inu munazindikira mchenga wotitimira bwino, kodi kuchita, kwenikweni ayenera kuzithetsa. ayamikira anapatsidwa pansipa sitinganene kuti wangwiro, koma ndi imodzi mwa njira ntchito lero. Pansi pa bwino ayenera angaimbidwenso, ndipo mu gawo wofunika akonzekeretse bwino, amene afike m'chizimezime impermeable. Izo ziyenera kulimbikitsa casing, umene muli mchenga wotitimira. Pamene ntchitoyo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta apamwamba kwambiri bwino, amene anaika pa pansi, padziko kukafika kutsogolo ayenera kuchitidwa miyala backfill, kumene dongo anawonjezera. Ngati panali mchenga mu dzenje mchenga wotitimira, sitepe yotsatira ndi khoma otsiriza chiyenera kulimbitsidwa zomangamanga, Kapenanso Machitidwe kuthira simenti formwork lapansi. Pa nthawi yomweyo kukulitsa ndi caisson adzakwaniritsadi mbali zina mungapezeko malo zida zochotsa.

Mtengo wa njira imeneyi ndi apamwamba kuposa ngati inu anakhazikika bwino wamba, kuwonjezera, zovuta zina amakankhira ambuye payekha. Komabe, inu kutsindikiza kupeza qualitatively bwino magwero a madzi, umene amapereka inu ndi madzi pa mlingo woyenerera.

Kulimbana mchenga wotitimira mu catchment sump

Ngati panali mchenga wotitimira bwino, kodi kuchita, muyenera kusankha. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti mavuto ofanana uka ndi kale unathandizira pa nthawi gwero la madzi. Pankhaniyi, inu mukhoza kuchepetsa zotsatira zoipa, chifukwa kuti tichotse wosanjikiza mchenga adzakhala madzi kovuta. Njira angakwanitse kulimbana ndi mchenga wotitimira ndi shpuntovka ndi dongosolo la pansi, yotsirizira umene unapangidwa zipika Aspen. Poyamba, chishango iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa kwa chipika osiyana nkhuni ndi awiri a 20 cm kapena zambiri. Kuchita izi, ntchito bolodi lakuda. Chishango miyeso ayenera kukhala wotero kuti m'mphepete kwake kukupitirira kupitirira lamkati kokha gulu mbali ya 10 cm. Ndi mphamvu okwanira aquifer ayenera kuikidwa pamwamba pa chishango miyala ndi timiyala, amene wosanjikiza makulidwe akhale 1 mita kapena zochepa. Tikagwiritsa ntchito zida izi, adzakhala wokhoza kuteteza mmunsi mwa chidebe ya dongo ndi mchenga, ndipo ikani wambiri madzi adzakhala chokha choyera madzi.

Analimbikitsa ntchito zitsime ndi mchenga wotitimira

Ngati pali mchenga wotitimira bwino, ndiye muli ndi kutsatira malamulo a zoyendetsera ntchitoyi amenewa. Pakuti ikapita osavomerezeka kusankha madzi chochuluka. Izi akhoza kumapangitsanso sedimentation chifukwa kuyanika m'goli ndi wetting khoma pamwamba. kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ayenera kuyeretsa mokwanira mwamsanga pamene inu munazindikira chimene chinachitika siltation. Ngati nkotheka ayenera kusinthidwa zitsime fyuluta pansi pachaka.

Pomaliza

Asanayambe ntchito pa dongosolo la bwino ayenera ikuchitika exploratory kuboola, izo zikhoza kuchitidwa ngakhale paokha. Kodi ntchito amamwa kapena mini-kubowola unsembe. Wofufuza kukhala pa 20 m, ndi chikhalidwe cha nthaka ndi zochotseka inu mukhoza kuwona pamene chida alowa mkati mwa mchenga wotitimira lapansi.