"Medical cybernetics": wapadera. Kodi cybernetics yachipatala n'chiyani?

Cybernetics yachipatala ndi njira yatsopano mu sayansi, pokonza njira yothetsera mavuto ndi zochitika zamakono zamakono. Njira yoteroyo imalola kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamankhwala ndi zipangizo zofunikira zomwe zimakhudza thanzi laumunthu.

Mbiri ya Cybernetics Medical

Mwamwayi, pa zifukwa zingapo, makina a zachipatala am'derali adayamba kukula ndi kukula kwakukulu. M'chaka cha 1959 chilango ichi chinabwezeretsedwanso mu ufulu wake ndipo chinayamba kukula pamodzi ndi sayansi zina.

Ku Soviet Union, dongosolo loyamba la matenda a matenda linakhazikitsidwa mu 1964. Panthawiyo inali mu labotale ya Institute of Surgery. Vishnevsky anakhazikitsa dongosolo loyamba lothandizira kupeza matenda a mtima wodwala. Pambuyo pake, mu 1969, Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery inakhazikitsa ndondomeko yodzidzimutsa yomwe imadziwika kuti yawonongeka pamtima valves. Zida zoyambirira zogwiritsira ntchito ma laboratori zinapangidwa pa zomera. Semashko mu zaka za makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazo. Panthawiyi, machitidwe odziletsa okha (ACS) sanawoneke ngati chidwi, koma chida chofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya dokotala. Mwachitsanzo, kwa ochita opaleshoni, "Symphony" ikuyendetsedwa bwino, yomwe inayambanso kuyang'anira matenda a odwala panthawi ya opaleshoni, njira yoyamba yopereka mankhwala "Apteka" ndi ena adatengedwa. Kotero tinayamba kukhala ndi cybernetics yachipatala m'dziko lathu.

Kukula kwa cybernetics kumapeto kwa zaka makumi awiri

Mfundo zatsopano za matenda opatsirana odwala matenda osiyanasiyana zinkapezeka kukhalapo kwa akatswiri ophunzitsidwa bwino. Kotero mu medrah panali chilango chatsopano - "Medical cybernetics". Zapadera nthawi yomweyo zinakopa olowa nawo mwachinsinsi ndi chiyembekezo chawo. Magazini yoyamba ya madokotala a cybernetics inachitika mu 1979 ku Medical and Biological Faculty of Second Medical Medical Institute.

Pakatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1980, mfundo za cybernetic zothetsera mavuto ambiri azachipatala zinakhala zochitika tsiku ndi tsiku. M'mizinda ikuluikulu, pali malo oyeza omwe ali ndi makonzedwe atsopano olamulira, omwe amalola matenda oopsa malinga ndi zotsatira za kufufuza. Muzipatala zapakati pazipatala - zipatala, zipatala, malo osungiramo mankhwala - zida zogwiritsira ntchito zowonongeka za dokotala zimayambika, kupyolera mu makina atsopano ogwira ntchito, mabedi amasungidwa ku bungwe lirilonse, zolemba zimapangidwa kuti adziwe ntchito ya dokotala.

Kodi cybernetics ikuphunzira chiyani?

Zambiri zazomwe zili mu gawo lino la sayansi zingaperekedwe ndi Dipatimenti ya Cybernetics ya Zamankhwala ya koleji iliyonse yachipatala ya dziko lathu. Kawirikawiri, sayansi imaphunzira kugwirizana kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kamene kakuchitika m'moyo, ntchito yogwirizana ya machitidwe osiyanasiyana, kuthekera kuchitapo kanthu kuntchito zakunja, kubwerera ku dziko loyambirira pambuyo pa zisonkhezero zakunja, ndi zina zotero.

Popeza malamulo a kusintha machitidwe ali ponseponse, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, cybernetics ya zachipatala imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zoyankhulirana za machitidwe mu chitukuko cha matekinoloje otsogolera mu chithandizo chaumoyo ndi mankhwala othandiza. Pogwiritsa ntchito gawo la sayansiyi, njira zothetsera mavuto ofunikira zikukambidwa, njira zodziŵira matenda akuluakulu pakadali koyambako zowonongeka.

Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito

Mwachizolowezi, zikuwoneka ngati izi. Ndondomeko yamakono yamakono ili ndi zigawo zitatu:

• Kumbukumbu, zomwe zimasunga zonse zamankhwala zokhudzana ndi matendawa (zizindikiro, masewero oyesa, etc.);
• Chipangizo cholondola chomwe chimakulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito chidziwitso chamakono, poyerekeza zizindikiro za wodwalayo, zotsatira za kuyesa kwake kwachipatala ndi deta yomwe ilipo;
• Chida chogwiritsira ntchito chojambulidwa chomwe analandira - chowonetsera, chosindikiza ndi zina zotero.

Momwe Zida Zogwiritsira Ntchito Zimagwirira Ntchito

Pofuna kupanga zida zogwiritsira ntchito, chinthu choyamba kuchita ndikulongosola njira yofotokozera bwino za thanzi la munthu yemwe adayesedwa, kufufuza zizindikiro zonse za matendawa. Kuchokera pazidziwitso zambiri zomwe adalandira, deta yokha yomwe ili yoyenera kufufuza amasankhidwa. Kuphatikiza pa ziwerengero za chiwerengero, zidziwitso zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro zachipatala, momwe amachitira ndi kuyesa ndizofunikira pakukhazikitsa chidziwitso choyenera.

Zonse zomwe mumalandira zimasungidwa mu kukumbukira chipangizo cha computing. Pa nthawi yolandira deta yamakono pamkhalidwe wa wodwalayo, makinawa akufanizira zizindikiro zomwe zilipo ndi zomwe zasungidwa kukumbukira kompyuta. Choncho, mapepala oyambirira a kuyesedwa kwa wodwala akuyambitsidwa, kuyerekezedwa kotheka kumapangidwa.

Kodi zizindikiro za hardware zingatani?

Lingaliro la njirayi likufanana ndi zomwe zimagwirizana ndi dokotala wodwala matenda - zizindikiro zomwe zilipo zimayambitsa matenda omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zonse zachipatala zapitazo.

Njira zoterezi zimapereka chitsimikizo pa matenda okhawo, zomwe zimatumizidwa mu kukumbukira makina. Chipangizochi, chomwe chimapangidwira matenda a mtima, sichidziwika kuti laryngitis kapena osteochondrosis, ngakhale pali zizindikiro zonse zooneka. Matenda atsopano a ACS sangapezeke. Pachifukwa ichi, deta ya makina siyikusungidwa. Koma dongosolo lachidziwitso lidzathandiza dokotala kupanga mapu ozindikiritsa, poyerekeza chiwerengero cha chiwerengero, pamene akuika matenda ovuta komanso zinthu zina.

Matendawa si onse. Kuwunika njira zothandizira, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira thupi kumaphatikizanso zipangizo zamakono zamakono ndi mapulogalamu apadera, omwe amapangidwanso ndi cybernetics yachipatala.

Specialty

Maunivesite omwe amapanga akatswiri a mbiriyi nthawi zambiri amadokotala. Maphunziro abwino amapereka:

• University of Siberia State of Ministry of Health (Tomsk).
• Voronezh State University.
• Pskov State University.
• Krasnoyarsk amanena uchi. University of. Voino-Yatsenetsky.

Kwa onse omwe akufuna kuphunzira ngati "Medical Cybernetics", mayunivesite amapereka kuti amvetsere kaifupi maphunziro apamwamba a yunivesite (zero faculty). Pano, ophunzira amapanga zidziwitso zawo za sukulu - makamaka masamu, fizikiki ndi biology. Mu bungwe lililonse la maphunziro lomwe lilipo, pali bungwe logwirizana. "Cybernetics yachipatala" siyekha yapadera kumeneko. Pa mawebusaiti a magulu oterewa mungadziwe bwino ndondomeko ya maphunziro oyambirira, omwe amalembetsa maphunziro ophunzitsidwa bwino ndi maphunziro omwe amaphunzitsidwa.

Kodi mungapeze bwanji zapadera "Medical cybernetics"?

Kwa kuvomereza, zotsatira za mgwirizano wa State Unified pa Chirasha, masamu ndi biology ndi zofunika. Kupita malire - kuyambira 77 ndi pamwamba. Nthawi yophunzitsira katswiri ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. N'zotheka kupeza bachelor's, akatswiri kapena madigiri a masukulu mu "Medical Cybernetics".

Maunivesites a ku Moscow, omwe amatsogolera maphunziro a akatswiri m'dera lino, akuyimiridwa ndi bungwe limodzi lophunzitsira - Yunivesite ya Russian National Research. Pirogov. Mu 2016, adalandira dongosolo lokonzekera ophunzira, ndipo tsopano anthu 16 adzalandira maphunziro apamwamba pamalonda awa pokhapokha boma lidawonongeke.

Kufunika kwa akatswiri a mbiriyi kukukula chaka ndi chaka, ndipo mndandanda wa maphunziro omwe amatsogolera maphunziro a cybernetics azachipatala adzawonjezeka.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Medical Cybernetics

Maunivesite ku Russia apanga mapulogalamu awo ophunzitsira kuti aphunzitsi azitha kupititsa patsogolo ndikudziwitsa odziwa zachipatala. Ophunzira a zachipatala amaphunzitsidwa pazinthu zotsatirazi:

• Zida zamakono ndi mankhwala;
• Kupititsa patsogolo machitidwe;
• Njira zothetsera ndi kuyang'anira zipangizo zachipatala;
• Kuthetsa mavuto a bungwe mu dongosolo la chithandizo.

Kufalikira kwa makompyuta ndi njira zowonongeka zowonongeka kunachititsa kuti pakhale zocheperachepera m'mapepala. Kuchokera kuntchito zawo, ogwira ntchito zamankhwala amalowetsa mauthenga mu makompyuta, kulandira zotsatira za kufufuza deta yopereka. Kuonjezerapo, mawonekedwe a kupeza chidziwitso kuchokera ku adiresi yachinsinsi yawasintha kwambiri, nthawi yothandizira zopempha yatsika, mafomu owonetsera mauthenga ayamba kukhala osavuta. Zonsezi zinapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ogwira ntchito a zipatala. Pochita izi, gawo lalikulu linasewedwera ndi cybernetics yachipatala. Ntchito imeneyi ndi yodabwitsa kwambiri. Ndipo kodi mungagwire ntchito yanji kuti mukhale katswiri?

Munda wa ntchito

Wophunzira wa yunivesite, yemwe diploma imatchula zapadera "Medical Cybernetics", angagwire ntchito yofufuza zapamwamba kapena ma laboratory. Mwachidule, pangani zipangizo zachipatala ndikuzitumikira.

Machitidwe omangamanga ophweka amachititsa kuti ntchito za zipatala zisawonongeke, zithandizani njira zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala - kufikira ntchito zovuta kwambiri zopaleshoni. Choncho, cybernetics yachipatala ikufunidwa m'matauni a zachipatala a mabungwe a zachipatala, ndipo akatswiri a mbiriyi akhoza kulamulira, kukhazikitsa, kukonza ndi kukonza zipangizo zoterezi.

Ntchito zina

Zowonjezera mbali za ntchito zingakhale ngati zochitika za sayansi kapena kuphunzitsa. M'mabungwe apamwamba, ali okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito akatswiri omwe ali ndi ntchito zothandiza pa zipangizo zamankhwala.

Osakondera chidwi ndi akatswiri-chithandizo chachipatala cha cybernetics ndi makampani osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe okonzanso komanso masiku ano omwe alipo kale. Cybernetics ikudikirira makampani omwe amapanga mapulogalamu a zipangizo, amasintha mapulogalamu omwe alipo, powalingalira zofunikira zamakono ndi zinthu zina.