Popereka dictionary - ndi chiyani ichi?

Monga anati wina filimu heroine: "Wiz zinthu ziwiri:. Ngati n'kulakwa mutsindika m'mawu ... ndi kufunsa mafunso opusa" Mosiyana lzhedocherey pulofesa Tikhomirov, anthu wamba achabechabe kuyesezera munthu wina, koma osati malangizo opusa. Ngati mulibe kufunsa zinthu opusa n'kosavuta, matchulidwe olondola a mawu, ngakhale m'chinenero chawo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Zinali ndiye kuti awathandize angafike kutchula dikishonale ya chinenero cha Chirasha.

nkhawa Kodi ndi chifukwa chake tiyenera kuika izo pakali

Pamaso timaphunzira zambiri pankhani yotchula dictionary, ayenera polimbikitsa chidziwitso chanu pa chinthu chosavuta monga nkhawa. Choncho, kupanikizika - kusankha ichi ndi mawu ena syllables mawu. Ngakhale akuoneka zazing'ono udindo wa maganizo, nthawi zambiri zimadalira tanthauzo lake.

Features ya kupanikizika Chirasha

Mu ka Russian ukhoza kugwera mwangwiro pa gawo lirilonse la mawu.

Komanso, ndi kuchepa kwa mawu womwewo pa milandu nkhawa ungakhale syllables yake yosiyanasiyana, amene kumawonjezera mwayi kulakwitsa mu katchulidwe, osati kwa alendo komanso kuchigwiritsa ntchito. Pa nkhani imeneyi, wachiwiri kwa mtsogoleri aliyense wosafuna kulankhula bwino, ndi kutchula dictionary. Kodi kuika ka mu mawu pawiri, akuuza. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale ku Russia okha zambiri mispronounce mayina a ena odziwika bwino chakudya, zovala kapena mfundo chabe. Ndipo kwenikweni ankalimbikitsa anaikidwa iwo monga tikuonera maonekedwe.

Science orthoepy ndi kutchula dictionary - ndi chiyani ichi?

Phunziro la kupanikizika mawu ali chinkhoswe mu sayansi orthoepy (dzina anamasuliridwa kuchokera Greek momwe "kayankhulidwe"). Kuwonjezera nkhawa, sayansi amachita naye phunziro, kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo ndi malamulo orthoepic a chinenero mabuku.

Onse deta za kutchula bwino mawu ndi mawu-akatswiri a zinenero okhazikika mu orthoepy, omwe alowa mu otanthauzira wakupambulika dzinache Popereka.

Aliyense chinenero ali Popereka yake dictionary. Amathandiza alendo, ophunzira chinenero, kukhala matchulidwe olondola, ndi kuchigwiritsa - kuti muzilankhula zawo.

History Popereka dictionary

Ngakhale kuti sayansi orthoepy anachokera Greece wakale, ufumu wa Roma anthu tiyenera kuyamikira woyamba kutchula dictionary. mfundo ndi yakuti, kuwina dziko lina ndi lisanduke m'chigawo wake, Aroma analengeza Latin boma, ndipo Kugonja anthu Willy-nilly anali kumuphunzitsa. M'kupita kwa nthawi, m'zigawo za Latin anasintha kwa nduna, chifukwa anawonjezera mawu a chinenero cha kuderalo a gawo anagonjetsa, ndi katchulidwe ka mawu Latin kwambiri molakwika. Kuti mwanjira bungwe ilo ndi kuchepetsa kuti munthu wabwinobwino, nayamba kulalikira akalozera apadera kulemba matchulidwe olondola a mawu ovuta kwambiri Latin ndi mawu. Mapu amenewa ali woyamba mu mbiriyakale kutchula dictionary.

Ndi kugwa kwa Ufumu wa Aroma orthoepy anagwa pa nthawi yovuta. Only mu zaka XVI-XVII ku France pang'onopang'ono anayamba kumenyana kwa chiyero cha mawu. Komabe, pamene zokhudza kutchula bwino mawu amaperekedwa mu mawonekedwe a zowonjezera galamala lapansi.

Kenako, mwa fanizo mabuku Roma linanena, nayamba kulalikira kutchula phrasebooks, amene pang'onopang'ono inasanduka otanthauzira.

Mu Russian Ufumu kutchula ponseponse anapanga chiyambi cha XX atumwi. Ndi nthawi akatswiri ambiri zinenero nayamba kulalikira Popereka awo dictionary kuti streamline Chirasha.

Ndi chitukuko cha wailesi ndi televizioni nayamba kulalikira otanthauzira wapadera okamba ndi presenters, kotero kuti kalankhulidwe awo anali chitsanzo kwa ophunzira.

Ndi chitukuko cha mapulogalamu kutchula otanthauzira pang'onopang'ono kukhala zotsalira za m'mbuyomu. Kuyambira lero, kuti tipeze kumene mutsindika mawu ina chabe kuloŵamo mu womasulira Intaneti - ndipo kudzakhala kotheka osati kuwona kumene anayikidwa motsindika, komanso kumvera kutchula bwino wolembedwa ndi kuchigwiritsa ntchito.

Mitundu kutchula dictionary

Monga mukudziwa, otanthauzira onse anawagawa mitundu iwiri:

• Encyclopaedic - uli ndi mfundo za m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, zochitika zimene zinachitikadi ndi umunthu, ndi zina.
• Zinenero - apadera otanthauzira okhala ndi nkhani za mawu (tanthauzo lake, kalembedwe, chiyambi, kumasulira, katchulidwe, etc.). Popereka dictionary - mtundu chinenero.

Pakali pano, otanthauzira onse kutchula anawagawa m'magulu awiri: pepala ndi zipangizo.

Tingasiyanitsire mitundu awiri osiyana - by njira zimene mlingo limafotokoza Popereka dictionary. Katchulidwe ka mawu chilankhulo m'madera osiyana nawo kutchula otanthauzira chilankhulo. Ndipo apa pali m'mene bwino mutsindika malinga ndi malamulo a chinenero mabuku, otanthauzira mwamsanga mtundu wachiwiri, imene onse anasangalala ndipo pamene akufuna kulankhula zoona.

Nthawi zina zimatulutsa otanthauzira nkhawa mbali ya kulankhula. Mwachitsanzo, n'kulengeza dictionary kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, manauni kutchula dictionary, etc.

Paper Popereka dictionary

Aliyense chikuimira chiyani pepala kutchula dictionary. Buku ili wamba, amene kutchulidwa mawu Potengela Zilembo anakonza ndi kutchula kumene mutsindika. Pamaso makompyuta, anali yekha mtundu wa otanthauzira. Koma tsopano iye ali ndi odana lalikulu - amagetsi.

Pakompyuta Popereka dictionary

Kawirikawiri pepala kope kutchula dictionary ndi scanned ndi digitized. Choncho, aliyense akhoza tsitsani Baibulo amagetsi a chofunika Popereka dictionary ndi ntchito mapepala mabuku ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, makamaka osowa. Kuno mapanga sikani amenewa si otanthauzira amagetsi.

Pakompyuta Popereka dictionary - ndi apadera pulogalamu ndi mawu makina kufufuza. Kupeza zambiri za mawu akufuna, n'kofunika kuthamanga pulogalamu, kulowa mawu olondola mubokosi losakira injini, kenako dongosolo yokha adzaupeza.

Chotero kutchula otanthauzira ndi yoyenda yokha (deta onse ali pa chimbale unsembe, ndi pamaso pa Intaneti si chofunika) komanso Intaneti (popanda Internet sachiza).

Popereka dikishonale ya chinenero cha Chirasha: m'mbiri

Mmodzi wa wotchuka woyamba kutchula dikishonale ya chinenero cha Chirasha inali ntchito ya wotchuka Chiyukireniya zilankhulo Ivan (Hilarion) Ogienko. Iye mu 1911, lofalitsidwa "Dictionary ya kupanikizika Chirasha ndiponso malamulo ka Russian."
Malinga ndi Baibulo miyambo ya nkhani Popereka dikishonale ya chinenero cha Chirasha akuyamba ndi 1955 ndipo, pamene iye anachoka ntchito Ruben Avanesov ndi SERGEY Ozhegova "Russian mabuku matchulidwe ndi ka: Zakumapeto". A pang'ono pasanathe zaka 30 linasindikizidwa odziwika "kutchula dictionary" Avanesov, amene anakhala m'bukhu ambiri.

Mu 1960, F. ndi M. Ageenko Zarva anamasulidwa apadera Popereka dictionary okamba ndi presenters pa wailesi ndi televizioni. Izi olemba chomwecho mu 1993 anatulutsa kutchula dictionary mawu 76.000.

Cha m'ma '80s mu Minsk anamasulidwa "Dictionary a Russian kumvera pa kulankhula" R. Hryslovoy. Pa nthawi yomweyo S. Borunova lofalitsidwa Popereka yake dictionary. Baibulo limeneli la mawu za 63,5 zikwi.

Chiyambireni cha 2000s, nthawiyina anayambanso mwachangu kufalitsa kutchula kope. Choncho, mu 2000, anali angandisindikizirenso Dictionary Avanesov ndi Ozhegova. Mu chaka chomwecho M. Shtudiner kutchula dictionary lofalitsidwa ndi mawu 82,5 zikwi. Komanso, olemba T. Ivanov ndi T. Cherkasova anapereka kalozera chifukwa chotchula okamba apadera.

Pakali pano, ambiri lofalitsidwa timabuku wapadera kapena mabuku tokhala zovuta za kupanikizika mawu chatsopano osati kutchula dictionary. Komanso, ambiri amakonda kulenga kutchula ntchito Internet, ngati iwo ali otsika mtengo kuposa buku lakuti, ndipo savuta kukhala ndi Sinthani.

Ngati Aroma anzeru pa nthawi sanabwere kutchula dictionary, wosadziwika, zidzakhalire lero zinenero zosiyana kwathunthu. Ndipotu, osati ndi zolondola muyezo katchulidwe ka mawu a chinenero makamaka mu zaka zochepa, anthu m'madera osiyanasiyana m'dziko lomwelo adzakhala Iwo anasiya kumvetsana wina ndi mzake. zaka 2,000 zapitazo, ndi lero amakwaniritsa yofunika kwambiri kutchula dictionary, kukhala muyezo zaukhondo ndi zokongola kulankhula.