Miyala nyanja

Pafupifupi 75% ya padziko lonse kuphimba miyala nyanja. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo oposa theka la mchere yotengedwa kuchokera matumbo a dziko. Iwo makamaka lolunjika pa dziko lonselo, alumali ndipo chokhala otsetsereka, ndipo pafupi 15% ali pansi pa nyanja.

Nyanja miyala anapanga ndi weathering mankhwala redeposition mafunsidwe mankhwala makamaka mu sing'anga amadzimadzi (nthawizina mu dziko), ndi ayezi ndi ntchito ndondomeko. Chamvula angayambe m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Malinga chikhalidwe chake, zimatulutsa magulu osiyana a miyala nyanja:

- clastic - ndizo zotsatira makamaka thupi weathering, kusamuka ndipo anayamba redeposition cha chuma;

- colloidal m'dambo - anapanga chifukwa cha kuwonongeka mankhwala, limodzi ndi mapangidwe njira colloidal ;

- chemogenic - popangidwa ndi mpweya ku amadzimadzi njira chifukwa cha zochita mankhwala kapena chifukwa cha osiyana njira zimayambitsa supersaturation;

- amuzolengedwa - zotsatira za zochita mankhwala chikuchitika ndi nawo zamoyo;

- biogenic kapena organogenic - zotsatira za ntchito ya zamoyo.

Nthawi zambiri pali zizindikiro za kaphatikizidwe magulu osiyana a miyala nyanja. Gawo pamwamba amanena kuti gulu wina. Mwachitsanzo, miyala, kumene kungakhale clastic, organogenic, chemogenic kapena amuzolengedwa chiyambi, limabweretsa mitundu amuzolengedwa.

Malinga ndi mipweya ya miyala nyanja amasiyana thanthwe igneous n'kupanga ambiri zigawo ndi zosiyanasiyana apamwamba. Ichi ndi chifukwa mfundo mapangidwe awo weathering mankhwala a metamorphic, igneous ndi nyanja miyala wamkulu komanso mpweya kusungunuka zigawo madzi achilengedwe mchere, tizilombo, mankhwala zinyalala, mankhwala a kuphulitsa mapiri ngakhale makombo a meteorites (mwachitsanzo, mipira faifi tambala chitsulo ). Komanso, zikuchokera awo Nthawi zambiri kuda kuleza anasowa moyo - malasha nyama ndi zomera. Zambiri, zaka ndi zaka mitundu ya malasha okha, koma pali zambiri wakale organic redeposited zatsalira.

Mitundu ina (diatomite, nummulitovye ndipo zosiyanasiyana anajambulapo ndi ena) kwathunthu wapangidwa ndi zamoyo (biomorphic) kapena zidutswa awo (detritusovye). The biomorphic (tselnorakovinnyh) mafupawa nyumba amakhala ndi mzake ndi kumanga simenti (brachiopod rakushnyaka) kapena kutola pa wina ndi mzake, kupanga kukula kapangidwe (matanthwe kapena zosiyanasiyana laimu). nyumba Detritusovye anapanga m'madzi osaya ndi zochita za kuwononga chisokonezo chipolopolo kapena chifukwa cha luso kukhala ogwirira akugawanika chipolopolo cholinga cha zakudya.

miyala nyanja anapanga motere: kuwonongedwa kwa thanthwe kholo aumbike mfundo yoyambira, amene anasamutsidwa ndi madzi, mphepo kapena oundana, kenako waikamo padziko dziko ndi pansi pa beseni madzi. The chifukwa wapangidwa ndi zigawo yosiyana precipitate, kwathunthu kapena pang'ono ladzala ndi madzi ndi kukhala friable ndi porous dongosolo. precipitate ichi, kusinthidwa ndi kupita kwa nthawi - ndipo pali nyanja thanthwe.

sedimentation ndondomeko chikuchitika mchikakamizo cha nyengo ndi tectonic boma. Mu zikhalidwe chinyezi (otentha ndi chinyezi) nyengo opangidwa silts, clays, diatomite, caustobioliths (malasha utsi). Louma (youma) mabacteria yodziwika miyala, gypsum, anhydrite, thanthwe mchere. Zigawo apangidwe kudziunjikira zigawo pakatikati pa miyala nyanja, yodziwika ndi zinthu monga masiyanidwe danga zosiyanasiyana zikuchokera detritus. Pa nsanja M'malo mwake, ali waikamo stratum mphamvu miyala otsika ndi zikuchokera yunifolomu zambiri detritus.

Chifukwa chakuti zinthu sedimentation m'mbuyomu nyengo Geological anali pafupi masiku kapena ngati, pa maziko a deta pa kufalitsidwa kwa miyala nyanja padziko Lapansi angathe kulengedwanso ndi paleotectonic PALEOGEOGRAPHY pa dziko.