Soviet cruiser Dmitry Donskoy. Cruiser "Dmitry Donskoy": polojekiti 65

Various mbiri yakale masiku ano akuyendayenda chikhalidwe, zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira za zipolowe zimene zinachitika mu nyengo ya Soviet. Nthawiyi, akadali nambala yaikulu mudziwe bwinobwino. Zingapo za magwero Mwachitsanzo, zikuoneka cruiser "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy". 1955 masiku ku kupanduka pa chombo. Mogwirizana ndi umboniwo, kuti anali kuponderezedwa mwankhanza.

Zenizeni ndi olakwika mfundo

Mlingo wa mobisa zaka Soviet anali amphamvu kwambiri. Pa nkhani imeneyi, zambiri mwachindunji za chiwembu ndi mokwanira yaing'ono. Pankhaniyi, zotsatira za zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, zolemba oterewa tingawapeze:

• Mu Vladivostok chiwembu wakafika cruiser Soviet "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy". The zipolowe anali kuletsedwa.
• The Pacific zombo anali kuponderezedwa mwankhanza chiwembu (cruiser "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy", 1955, Vladivostok). Anawomberedwa anthu oposa 50.

Kafukufuku tsatanetsatane wa mfundo imeneyi pops mmwamba ndi mafunso ambiri. Mavuto pokhazikitsa choonadi chichokera chakuti zinthu zambiri mwiniwakeyo ndi kupotoza ndithu. Nthawiyi, zina ananena kuti Soviet cruiser "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy" mu Vladivostok pa tsiku anali kusowa. chombo mayina a Pacific zombo, koma kumayambiriro kwa zaka 19-20. Pamene mbiri fakitale kusonyeza, August 31, 1951 mu mndandanda wa Navy anali analembetsa cruiser "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy". USSR pa nthawi imeneyo zochimwazo kumathetsa vuto la kuwonjezera pa zombo za. Mu April 1953 chombo ndinagona pansi pa chomera iwo. A. Marty, Leningrad. Chakumapeto September chaka kuti iye anapatsidwa dzina latsopano "Vladivostok". M'dzinja izo unayambitsidwa pa pontoons ndi towed kuti Severodvinsk. September 2, 1959 ndi cruiser inachotsedwa pa nyumba ndipo anathamangitsidwa Navy imalemba chivomerezocho luso lapadera kwa 28.8%. Choncho, Vladivostok chombo sakanakhoza kukhala.

Prerequisites kuti amangire

Monga zinanenedwa pamwamba, pambuyo utsogoleri wa dziko Wachiwiri World waika chandamale kuti apange zombo. Malinga ndi dongosolo la Commissar Anthu a Navy kumayambiriro kwa 1945, ntchito unakhazikitsidwa. Iye wakhala akukonzekeretsa zipangizo pa makhalidwe waukulu ndi mitundu la zombo m'tsogolo. Malinga ndi bungwe la zotsatira za ntchito mu General Wogwila anayamba kukonza zoti nthawi khumi chaka. Malinga ndi iwo, mu 1955, zombo anali kukhala:

1. Squadron ndege chonyamulira mu kuchuluka mayunitsi 6.
2. Ofunkha - 358 mayunitsi.
3. Nkhondo - mayunitsi anayi.
4. Small ndege onyamula - 6 mayunitsi.
5. cruisers lolemera (40 ma PC.). Awa, - okonzeka ndi 220 mm (10 ma PC.) Ndipo 180 mm (30 mayunitsi) zida GC..
6. Sitima zapamadzi - pafupifupi 500 mayunitsi.
7. Kuwala cruisers ndi 152 mm mfuti GK - 54 mayunitsi.

Chotero angapo zombo ankayembekezera ntchitoyo ntchito mphamvu panyanja mu madzi poyera ndi chatsekedwa. Ngakhale kusowa ndalama kupanga ndalama, nzeru pankhani imeneyi wakhala ankaona zoonekeratu. Mu kukhazikitsa wa mphamvu m'banja zombo kuti upambana kanjedza Royal asilikali apanyanja. Pa mphamvu, iye akatha wachiwiri, ndi chiwerengero cha sitima zankhondo - malo oyamba. zinachitikira asilikali anali n'komwe mu dongosolo. Kapadera dongosolo Nkhondo ochepa poyerekeza ndi chisanadze nkhondo. Komanso, monga mbali yofunika ya Navy onyamula anali nawo.

kusinthidwa chite

October 27, 1945 msonkhano woyamba unachitika mu boma la Russia. Kunapezeka kuti Comrade. Stalin anali kukhulupirira wake pa chitukuko winanso wa apanyanja. Makamaka, iwo akufuna kuti kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha Nkhondo, ndi chiwerengero cha magalimoto katundu chinawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka CC awo 305 mm. Stalin ankaona inexpedient yomanga ndege onyamula khumi yotsatira. Iye sanali kuona kufunika, ndipo polenga cruisers ndi mfuti 180 mm. Pa nthawi yomweyo Stalin anapereka chilolezo choti ntchito yomanga magalimoto kuwala pazipita kuchuluka. The pulogalamu yomaliza ovomerezeka pambuyo pokambirana amapereka mtsogoleri dziko. The dongosolo latsopano zikuphatikizapo yomanga:

1. Lolemera cruisers - 4 mayunitsi.
2. Ofunkha - 188 mayunitsi.
3. Kuwala cruisers - 20 mayunitsi.
4. Sitima zankhondo - 367 mayunitsi.

Ndondomeko komanso amapereka kuika Nkhondo ziwiri. Kupatulapo onyamula ndege kuchokera pulogalamu makonzedwe pa kusafuna malonda zoweta. The dongosolo latsopano wachita monga kupitiriza chisanadze nkhondo. Chamene anali pa ntchito yomanga sitima zazikulu zida zankhondo. Izi si zogwirizana ndi zimene zinachitikira nkhondo posachedwapa inatha.

kamangidwe

Malinga ndi dongosolo la anthu Commissar Kuznetsov, mu chaka cha 1943 ntchitoyo anayamba kukhala mtundu watsopano wa cruiser kuwala. Mu September, Baibulo woyamba anali naye. Mosiyana ndi manja zikuchokera 68 polojekiti anali kawiri 137 mm 100 mm odana ndege mfuti zida zankhondo. Komanso, zipangizo zatsopano m'madzi zowulutsira ndi makina ounikira kuyamba. Malinga ndi chikonzero cha ankaganiza m'malo patatu chubu oponya magalimoto pa nyuzi asanu, anapereka 4 mortars. Koma ikuthamanga osiyanasiyana, ayenera 8 zikwi. Miles. Liwiro pazipita 35 mfundo zinakonzedwa. Standard kusamutsidwa Choncho sayenera kuposa 10 chikwi. T.

kusindikiza kwachiwiri

Malinga ndi kukonza 1946-1955 biennium., Amayenera kulenga 30 ndipo anagona 4 kuwala cruisers. Poyamba, magawo angapo ntchito envisaged. Mu malo oyamba izo zinakonzedwa kumaliza ntchito yomanga zombo 5 polojekiti 68-K, ndiye amaganiza yomanga 7 cruisers polojekiti 68-bis. Pambuyo pa kuti envisaged chilengedwe cha mndandanda watsopano. Mwa iwo ankayenera kuti akhale ndi cruiser "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy". Project 65 amasonyeza mofulumira bwino, kupatula kusamutsidwa. Izo zinakonzedwa akonzekeretse zombo ndi zomera watsopano mphamvu. Mu 1945, ntchito ndi luso zofunika unayambitsidwa. Mu Savitchev iye anasankhidwa monga mlengi wa pangodya. Mwa zofunika latsopano ikusintha zikuchokera odana ndi ndege zida zida zankhondo. M'malo 37 mm amapasa mfuti 12 ikukhudza unsembe wa Quad 45 mm ndi 4.6 mm amapasa 25 automata anayi. Anakonza kuonjezera malire ndi kuchepetsa tonnage kwa 8-8.5 zikwi. Tonnes. Mu olimba ambiri zinali ntchito chida 8 GMAT unali wovuta ngati lamulo.

Kuvuta

Pamaso yomanga imeneyi chimphona cruiser "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy", Project 65 lasintha ambiri. Onse anaitanidwa 40 mitundu. Ena a iwo kusamutsidwa anali 13.5-15 zikwi. Tonnes. Ndipotu, Chiwerengerochi zizigwirizana magawo lalikulu cruisers kuwala. Patapita nthawi chitukuko predeskizny anasiya chifukwa cha vuto kudziwa yoyenera luso chombo mawonekedwe. Iye ankayenera kukhala qualitatively wosiyana akalambula ake ndi yovomerezedwa muyezo kusamuka kwa zosaposa 15 thous. Matani. Malingaliro a CDB 17 ntchitoyi anali ikuchitika mitundu iwiri. Pa malamulo Stalin Komabe, mu 1947, ntchito inaima. Kutukula refocused khama pa mapulani kwa 82 ndi 68 bis.

Cruiser "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy": Polojekiti

Mu March 1949, mu PPM 17 mapeto ntchito pa ndondomeko. Popanda kuyembekezera chilolezo cha boma, ndi okonza anayamba zomangamanga kamangidwe. Koma kugwa kwa Stalin akufuna kuonjezera liwiro sitimayo 35 mfundo ndi kuchepetsa kusamutsidwa wa ku 36 ths matani.. Mogwirizana ndi izi mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka ntchito anawapanga mu PPM. Mpaka mapeto, ntchito inatha. Pa ndondomeko ya mphamvu magetsi ankayenera kuti chinawonjezeka ndi 30%, kusintha zikuchokera kwa zida zankhondo odana ndege ndi chilengedwe, kuchepetsa bookings ofukula ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa cha liwiro kuchuluka kwa sitima ya polojekiti 82, panali kufunika pomanga cruisers kuwala. Mu October 1950, ntchito-mwatsatanetsatane ntchito chidatengedwa. Malinga ndi iye, akufuna kumanga kuwala cruiser 65 ntchito, yemwe ankayenera kuti liwiro mu 35-36 mfundo. Pakuti pogwira ntchito wotsatira anali ovomerezedwa ndi mitundu 2 ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, ndi kusamuka kwa malire a. kamangidwe Predeskizny inatha mu 1951. Koma ntchito zina zinachitikadi.

kusinthidwa

March 16, 1976 woyamba katundu cruiser "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy" anali m'gulu zombo za apanyanja. Mu December 1982, iye anasamutsidwa ku Western akuluakulu ku Severodvinsk. M'ma September 1989, sitima zitabwereranso. The ogwira "Sevmash" wamakono ndi kukonzanso zinachitikadi. Chakumapeto June 2002, cruiser "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy" bwinobwino kuyesedwa. Malinga ndi zotsatira zawo, kachiwiri anavomereza kuti kumpoto zombo.

Sitima zapamadzi "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy": chithunzi, ikulongosola ambiri a

chombo chidafika asanu ndi mmodzi anamanga ndi munthu yekhayo amene anatsalira ku zigawo. Iye anachita ntchito ya mlatho pakati pa nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa zombo 3 ndi mibadwo 4. Cruiser "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy" anali okonzeka ndi latsopano "Bulava" zovuta. Zinali ngalawa awa anayesedwa zida. Chida cruiser "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy" ndi yaikulu kwambiri mu dziko. kusamutsidwa zake zonse - matani 49,8 wagalimoto Utali - .. 172 mamita ndipo m'lifupi -. 23,3. Nyukiliya sitima zapamadzi "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy" ungam'chititse 20 March gawo ICBM, likuyamba misa 90 T. Mu 1996-1997. chifukwa cha kusowa ndalama, zombo atatu mndandanda chomwecho atumikira zaka zonse zaka 12-13, unatengedwa kuchokera apanyanja. Wina ziwiri - TK-20 ndi TK 17 ( "Severstal" ndi "Arkhangelsk") kukhalabe mu zigawo. Sitima yaikulu pa mndandanda ndi cruiser nyukiliya "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy". Kwa zaka zoposa 10 anali pansi kukonza pa kampani "Sevmash". Apa iye anali kachiwiri zipangizo wamakono.

zida

Poyamba, sitima zapamadzi "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy" zinakonzedwa kukhazikitsa m'ndandanda wa "Makungwa". Bukuli lakonzedwa mu Design Bureau. Makeyev. Zovuta m'gulu mzinga ndi warhead anapambulwa mtundu. Iwo ankayenera kuti akhale okonzeka ndi dongosolo la inertial Kanema malangizo. Madziwa lolondola kwambiri. Koma mayesero anayi a zovuta za analephera. Mu nkhani imeneyi, armament yantchito. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anaganiza kukhazikitsa pa cruiser oti muli nazo zida "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy" zovuta "Bulava 30", imene Institute of matenthedwe Technology Moscow. Iye ankayenera kuti akhale ndi mwayi kwambiri pa American mnzake "mikondo ya mano atatu II".

akamaliza

Mu 2008, zambiri za miyeso anakonza zotumiza kutembenuka yatha. Mu December 2004, akuchita akamaliza mayesero nyanja yosainidwa. Malinga ndi pulogalamu ovomerezeka pa bolodi cruiser mayeso chida Launch zovuta "Bulava" tinachita. Panopa chombo wakhala akutumikira mu apanyanja.

Mbiri Onani: lingaliro pachiyambi

Monga woyambitsa wa lingaliro la yomanga ndi cruiser nyanja anachita wotsatila asilikali A. A. Popov. Adalamulira detachment wa corvettes ndi clippers. Experience amene anapeza pa kulengedwa kwa cruisers woyamba oti muli nazo zida ndi housings wa zitsulo ndi rework ya sitimayo "Minin" iye zopezeka embodiments awiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo Popov anapempha makhalidwe khalidwe la asilikali Aslanbegova lomaliza. Akamanena za maganizo onse amene asonkhanitsa, mwachidule motere:

1. The zida zankhondo m'chombocho ayenera likungosonyeza zazikulu, koma anapereka angapo ang'onoang'ono.
2. Cruiser ayenera kuchita frigate, osati corvette. Iye ayenera batire chatsekedwa.
3. M'pofunika kuonjezera miyeso: kutalika kwa 91,5 m, m'lifupi - 17,1 m.
4. Liwiro m'pofunika kuwonjezera kwa 16-17 mfundo.
5. Mphamvu ayenera ziwonjezeke kwa 1000 malita mwadzina. a.
6. Chiwerengero cha machubu oponya ayenera kuchepetsedwa kapena anayi.
7. Kuchokera awiri topsail pabwalo ayenera kuchotsedwa.
8. Malasha malire ayenera ziwonjezeke kwa 1.2 zikwi. T.

Kugwiritsa ntchito malo apamwamba, Popov anapambana chiyanjo cha ntchito popanda Kutsata iwo ndi wapampando wa komiti ya luso. Kumayambiriro March 1880 woyamba chombo womanga anaikidwa msilikali wamkulu Samoilov. wachiwiri wake anali mkulu Potapov. ntchito kukonzekera watumidwa kwa lamulo zipangizo kuti tiyambe mwa mochedwa May. 18 December womanga anakhala Kuteinikov. March 28, 1881 ndi cruiser loyamba nalo dzina lake "Dmitri Donskoi". Mwambo wa bookmarks wake boma May 9.

Mfundo Zina yomanga

Per cruiser liniya "Dmitriy Donskoy" malembedwe pagalimoto chiwongolero nthunzi. Mwadzidzidzi, anabwera kwa iye kukula. The chiongolero agulidwa pa kumbuyo (mwambo). Telegraph Machine anaika pa mlatho kutsogolo. Kuti akonze zinthu zofunika ntchito ya wononga wapadera wolima kupangidwa mu madzi ufulu "parallelogram kuyenda." Zinali ndithu zovuta sayansi vuto. Koma anali kuthetsedwa.

mayeso

Cruiser "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy" unayambitsidwa pa August 18, 1883-TH. Pa mbali yomaliza ya ntchito adanyamuka mavuto malamulo mogwirizana ndi mkangano awiri madoko boma akumeneko. Chifukwa cha zochitika inafalikira zaka 2. Mu May 1885 woyamba pa bolodi anayamba kuyezetsa ndi kuvomereza zida luso mabomba ndi zida zankhondo. Mpaka August cruiser "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy" linatulutsidwa m'nyanja katatu kokha. liwiro lake pafupifupi anali 16,16 mfundo ndi makina mphamvu 5972 malita. a.

ofesi

M'dzinja 1885 ndi cruiser koyamba kwa Mediterranean. Kwa zaka ziwiri akutsogolera gulu lapadera uko. Mu 1887 chombo m'gulu Pacific squadron analamula kumbuyo asilikali Kornilov. Ndi May 1889 "Don" anabwerera Kronstadt. Pano iye anali refurbishment pang'ono ndi September 21, 1891 Choyamba imabwereranso mu Nyanja Mediterranean. Pali anatsogolera detachment wa clipper "Bully", frigate "Minin" ndi gunboat "Uralets". Mu March 1892, detachment woyamba unatha. Cruiser "Don DM." Anandituma mwa Marmara Sea ku Constantinople ndi kwa Black Sea. Popeza July 1892 sitima yoyamba othandiza Vladivostok. Apa iye anali waukulu mphamvu squadron. Mu February chaka chamawa chombo anapita ku Port Anati. Apa m'malo kapitawo Gessen anali anawachonderera Na Green. cruiser The ankapita ndi kumuwombera Russian ndinaitanidwa ndi boma la US chikondwerero cha tsiku 400th wa Kupezeka kwa America. March 16, anayamba kusambira. Chifukwa osauka ofala mphepo chitsanzo "Don" anali mochedwa pa mndandanda wa ngalawa n'kupita mwachindunji ku New York. Mu September, iye anabwerera kwawo. boilers ake ndi magalimoto anali kwambiri wolema ndi likufunika kukonzedwa mwamsanga. Ndi 1894 TH ntchito yatha. Mu 1895, a cruiser linasintha pa katiriji Kane zida zankhondo mfuti. Ndi October 29, 1895 woyamba mayesero onse zikadzachitika. Cruiser "Don" linatuluka mu Nyanja Mediterranean ndi "Rurik". Pa nthawi imeneyo anayamba kukangana pa Black Sea m'mavuto. February 14, 1896 zombo woyamba anatumizidwa ku Far East. April 9 zinalowa Nagasaki. nthawi ili la utumiki anali anatambasula kwa zaka 6. Mu 1900, "Don" anatenga gawo mu ayendetsa wa asilikali ndi bulu pa Port Arthur, amene anasamukira ku nkhondo yeniyeni.

Mu 1901, December 12 chombo anabwerera Kronstadt. Apa anakhala kukonza wake kwa Pacific Squadron. Mwachindunji, 6 pa khumi mifuti 120 mm mukanalankhula mfuti 75mm. Mu 1903, a cruiser "Daimondi" ndi "Don" kuperekeza detachment a owononga. Komabe, mlandu kwa nthawi yaitali kuposa anakonza ndipo ngalawa m'gulu detachment osiyana, analamula kumbuyo asilikali Virenius. Mu masiteji koyamba nkhondo anatha pochitika yekha Nyanja Yofiira ndipo analamulidwa kubwerera.

nkhondo ya Tsushima

Cruiser "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy" mu 1904 anaphatikizidwa 2 na- Pacific squadron. Adalamulira chombo mkulu Lebedev. Kukhala squadron njira yozungulira m. Hope Good pa 14 May 1905 analowa nkhondo pansi mbendera za kumbuyo-asilikali Enquist mu Korea Khwalala. Pa nkhondo pa wina cruisers mfundo "Ow. Monomakh" ndi "DM. Don" yokutidwa mbali, "Aurora" kasamalidwe lishivshuyusya. Pochita zimenezi, iwo anapezeka pansi moto kuchokera zipolopolo Japanese. cruisers Russian zingawononge zombo zingapo Japanese. Panthawi imeneyi, mkulu-liwiro "Ngale", "Oleg" n'kuikonzanso "Aurora" anatuluka nkhondo, kukhala liwiro pazipita. Chifukwa, slug "Don" ndekha. Popeza anakwanitsa kupewa kuukira wanga, chombo anadikirira usiku ndi devyatiuzlovym patsogolo magetsi chimatha anapita Vladivostok.

Wa cruisers onse a udindo 1st yekha "Don" ndinatha kuyandikira kumapeto kwa zolinga zonse kusambira. Pafupifupi. Dazhelet anasiya kuchotsa timu ndikupulumutsidwa pansi wowonongayo "Wild wina". Panthawi imeneyi anaonekera m'chizimezime-liwiro zombo Japanese, "Tsushima", "Niitaka", "Zotsatira", "Akashi", "Takachiho" ndi "Naniwa". Kupatula izi, kwa "Don" anali kuyandikira 4 owononga. Mwamsanga anatenga chombo osakwatira chilengedwe. Russian lamulo anakana ndikupereka ndipo anapitiriza kuwombera pa mikanda awiri. Cruiser timu anakwanitsa gwetsa 2 mdani chotengera ( "Zotsatira" ndi "Naniwa"). Koma chombo sakanakhoza kupitirira. Iye analandira kuvulala ngati kuti mapampu sakanakhoza kupirira madzi kudza kudzera m'maenje. Usiku, chisumbu anagwidwa ndi gulu la asilikali ake n'kufa. Ndi m'mawa cruiser "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy" Amira, popeza adatchithisira mbendera wake. Ivan Nikolaevich Lebedev anamwalira patapita masiku ochepa mu mkaidi Japanese nkhondo.

Pomaliza

Monga mukuonera, tsogolo la chombo imavuta kwambiri. Ndipotu iye ali kubadwa kachiwiri kumapeto kwa zaka 20-21. Komabe, kusoŵa ndalama kwambiri kungafoole ntchito pa kumangidwanso. Choncho anapezerapo zinali zaka pafupifupi khumi. Mwatsoka, magwero osiyanasiyana kawirikawiri anapeza mfundo zolakwika. Komabe, angapo a mbiri, amachititsa kafukufuku yogwira ndi malongosoledwe a mfundo zenizeni. Lero cruiser ndi dziko sitima zankhondo waukulu. Iye kwambiri kusinthidwa, okonzeka ndi zida zatsopano ndi zida pa izo. chombo wadutsa mayesero zonse zofunikira ndipo wakhala akutumikira monga msilikali wa apanyanja.