Royal Navy: kufotokoza, mndandanda ndi chidwi mfundo

Long pamaso pa mfumu Peter "anatsegula zenera" mu nyanja ya Baltic, namanga maziko a Russian yapamadzi, "mbuye wa kunyanja" kwa zaka England akulamulira mafunde padziko lonse. The prerequisites ichi onse ali wapadera, insular malo UK ndi geopolitical kufunikira polimbana amphamvu a ku Ulaya - Spain, France, Portugal.

kuyambira

The yoyamba zombo British angathe kuonedwa ngati trireme ndi diremy Roma, pikhadza kutsogolo kwache funso shipbuilding kwambiri monga mmene china chirichonse - wake maboti, chilikupita-kupalasa anali pachimake cha luso nthawi. Atachoka Aroma ndi mapangidwe pa British Isles kuchuluka kwa maufumu osiyana zombo British kwambiri anamwalira mu zigawo zonse - tonnage, processability ndi kuchuluka.

Olimbikitsa kutsogolera zikamera wa zombo patsogolo kwambiri anayamba kukantha Scandinavians - ndi Scandinavia olusa kudya ndi kuuluka Drakkar anapanga anawazunza oopsa mzinda nyanja komanso mpingo. Yomanga ambiri kulondera zombo walola British kuti kuchepetsa zomvetsa kwa adani.

Siteji yotsatira chitukuko cha zombo British asilikali - nkhondo ya William Mgonjetsi ndi mapangidwe boma unitary, England. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ndi kumayankhula za maonekedwe a zombo British.

British Royal Navy

Mbiri boma cha Royal Bulu la England ayenera kuyamba ndi Henry VII, amene adakula zombo British ku zombo 5 mpaka 30. Mpaka m'ma 16 British nyanja n'kukhutira wapadera osati kupeza, koma pambuyo kugonjetsa Spanish "sitima" ndi zambiri zina VICTORIA vuto panyanja detachment ku akatswiri European (Spain ndipo France) anayamba kuchulutsa kutali.

Corsairs ndi achifwamba - mbali ziwiri za ndalama yomweyo

Mu mbiri ya British wapadera panyanja ndi mzere osokoneza ponena ntchito ya corsairs wotchuka English wofunika, wotchuka kwambiri amene anali Frensis Dreyk ndi Henry Morgan. Ngakhale overtly zolusa "pachimake ntchito" wake, woyamba wa iwo knighted ndipo anagonjetsa Spain, ndipo chachiwiri anawonjezera kuti korona English wina diamondi - Caribbean zilumba.

R.N.

Mbiri boma cha Bulu la Great Britain (pali kusiyana zokhudzana pamaso pa fleets la England ndi ku Scotland pamaso 1707, pamene panali ukwati wawo) akuyamba pakati pa zaka za m'ma 17. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, British anayamba apeze ochepa ndi ochepa kulephera mu nkhondo panyanja, pang'onopang'ono kupeza mbiri ya mphamvu wamphamvu panyanja. Peak ndi wapamwamba English pa mafunde imagwera pa Napoleonic Nkhondo. Iwo anakhala mphindi ya ulemerero zombo boti, amene anafika mfundo imeneyi denga ake sayansi.

Mapeto a Napoleonic Nkhondo ya Royal Bulu la Great Britain kukwera kwa pedestal la zombo wamphamvu mu dziko. M'zaka za m'ma 19, British anali woyamba kusintha mtengo kupita chitsulo ndi nthunzi. Ngakhale kuti UK sitima pafupifupi mbali nkhondo yaikulu yapamadzi ankaona yapamwamba kwambiri, ndi kusamalira yokonza mphamvu ndi wokonzeka wa asilikali apanyanja anali zikulu-. Kuopsa kwa mtima British mwayi wake mu nyanja dziko n'chakuti chiphunzitso osalembedwa amalangiza kusunga ubale zotsatirazi wa asilikali: Royal Navy anayenera kukhala wamphamvu kuposa navies ziwiri pamodzi.

World: A zombo zikuluzikulu ndi mkulu Nyanja zombo

Royal Navy mu nkhondo World anasonyeza kuti si lowala monga akanatha ankayembekezera isanafike chiyambi: a zombo zikuluzikulu, amene waukulu cholinga anali kugonjetsedwa kwa German High Nyanja zombo, ntchito chake katswiri - imfa yake inali kwambiri kuposa wa ku Germany. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, UK shipbuilding mphamvu kunali kwakukulu moti chakhala nawo mwayi wake, kukakamiza Germany kusiya machenjerero a nkhondo lalikulu ndi kusamukira machenjerero raider ntchito kugwirizana mafoni sitima zankhondo.

Ndi nthawi iyi zikuphatikizapo chilengedwe cha awiri, popanda kukokomeza, ndi chikhomo cha Zombo Zankhondo, amene akhala makolo a m'madera lonse shipbuilding. Woyamba anali HMS Dreadnought - mtundu watsopano wa nkhondo ndi zida zamphamvu ndi nthunzi chopangira mphamvu zomera, kuwalola kukhala wosangalatsa panthawi 21 mfundo. Chachiwiri chinali HMS Likasa Royal - ndege chonyamulira, natumikira Bulu la Great Britain mpaka 1944.

Ngakhale zomvetsa onse a World Choyamba, kumapeto ake a UK kuti anali kuyenda bwino ilibe yaikulu, dangling pa katundu bajeti leaky. Choncho, sikapangano Washington mu 1922, Kuchepetsa amalinyero kuchuluka aliyense makalasi ngalawa, unakhala chipulumutso chenicheni kwa chilumbachi.

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse: Nchito nsikidzi

Royal Navy UK zombo pa chiyambi cha World Chachiwiri wogwidwa yaikulu mphamvu zombo makumi awiri (Nkhondo ndi ndege onyamula), 66 zombo ikuthamanga kalasi, pafupifupi mazana awiri ofunkha ndi sitima zankhondo khumi zisanu ndi chimodzi, kupatulapo yomanga. Mphamvu zimenezi ndi wamkulu kuposa likupezeka mu malo Germany ndi ogwirizana ake mu nthawi pang'ono, amene analola British kuyembekezera kuti zinthu ziwayendere nyengo nokha nkhondo panyanja.

The Germany, podziwa chapamwamba mwa British, kodi simukhala nawo ankalimbana mwachindunji ndi squadrons amphamvu a m'mayikowo ndi kuchita nkhondo ndi zigawenga. A udindo wapadera ankaimba ndi sitima zankhondo, lomwe ulamuliro wa Hitler riveted pafupifupi zikwi!

Karl Doenitz, "Guderian m'madzi", zachitika njira ya "nkhandwe paketi", ananena cholimbana convoys ndi matenda a mtundu "pokha - bounced". Ndipo nthawi yoyamba, zouluka squads mwa sitima zankhondo German anatsogolera British mu mkhalidwe mantha - pa kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la Nkhondo mu North Atlantic anali kupereka yochititsa kuchuluka zomvetsa malonda ndi Bulu la Great Britain.

An zina zabwino Chinthu kwa Germany n'chakuti m'munsi mwa Bulu la Great Britain pa 1941 zambiri anataya chiwerengero ndi khalidwe - kugonjetsedwa kwa France, kulanda anthu Belgium ndi Netherlands anakanthanso zopweteka kwambiri zolinga za pachilumbachi. Koma Germany ndi mwayi mogwira ntchito sitima zapamadzi ang'ono ndi nthawi pang'ono, navigation yoyenda yokha.

Anakwanitsa mkhalidwe likuvutika decrypting ndi zizindikiro za submariners German, kupanga dongosolo latsopano convoys, nyumba zokwanira nambala ya sitima apadera kuperekezedwa ndi thandizo mpweya. Komanso bwino British pa nyanja n'zogwirizana ndi malo onse yaikulu shipbuilding (British kumanga zombo mofulumira kuposa Germany kumizidwa iwo), ndi kupambana anagwirizana pa dziko. Italy kuchoka ku nkhondo anavula Germany zake Mediterranean zapansi usilikali, ndipo Nkhondo ya Atlantic adagonja.

Falklands: mkangano chidwi

Mu nthawi nkhondoyo, zombo Royal Navy anali kudziŵika mwakhama ndi Falklands nkhondo ndi Argentina. Ngakhale chikhalidwe zomveka bwino za kusagwirizanako, imfa ya pa chilumbachi anapanga anthu mazana angapo, sitima zingapo ndipo otsutsana khumi. Kumene, pa dongosolo la mphamvu kuposa nyanja Britain n'zosavuta ayambirenso kulamulira mu Falklands.

nkhondo ozizira

Koma waukulu mikono mtundu sanali ndi adani wakale - Japan ndi Germany, ndi amene angakuthandizeni posachedwa pa chipika - Soviet Union. "Chidani" akhoza nthawi iliyonse kukhala otentha, kotero Royal Navy anali akadali pa maso mkulu. Malo a zapansi panyanja, chitukuko ndi kutumidwa ziwiya, kuphatikizapo sitima zankhondo ndi zida za nyukiliya - onse British anapanga kale mu udindo wa nambala wachiwiri. Nkhondo yaikulu inali pakati titans awiri - Soviet Union ndi United States.

Asilikali British Navy lero

Today amaona yaikulu mu World Old ndipo ali m'gulu (pa maziko onsewo) mogwirizana Navy NATO. Ndege onyamula ndi chida cruisers angathe kunyamula zokwana nyukiliya ndi waukulu chidwi mphamvu ya Bulu la Great Britain. Zikuchokera pa mphindi 64 chombo, imene 12 ndi sitima zankhondo, chonyamulira 2, 6 ofunkha, 13 kalasi "frigate" zombo, atatu ankafika 16 minesweeper ndi makumi awiri kulondera ndipo kulondera maboti. Wina chombo wothandiza, "Fort Dzhordzh" nkhondo m'malo umasinthasintha.

Ndi flagship ndege chonyamulira "linga lolimba" - wosiyanasiyana ngalawa kuti amachita osati ntchito kuzika sitimayo ndege, komanso ankafika ntchito (kufala kwa 250 Asilikali ndi zida airborne). "Linga lolimba" inamangidwa mu 2001, achita m'Mphamvu mu 2005.

Mphamvu yaikulu ya pamwamba madzi ndi frigates wakuti "Norfolk" dzina la Chingerezi mfumu, ndi sitima zapamadzi - SSBN wakuti "Vanguard", zida za nyukiliya. Zombo zachokera ku Plymouth, Clyde ndi Portsmouth, ndi Plymouth Devonport m'munsi akutumikira udindo umenewu ndi 1588! Ngakhale chobisa zombo amadikirira kuti Spanish kwambiri "sitima". Iye ndi yekhayo amene yokonza sitima ndi injini nyukiliya.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Yobwezeretsanso ngalawa Royal Navy kalasi SSBNs (sitima zankhondo za nyukiliya) sanapangidwe - pali m'zilumba kuthekera sayansi. Choncho, kuutsiriza moyo wawo ntchito ya sitima zapamadzi chabe adakalipo mpaka nthawi yabwino.

Russian chida cruiser chindipitirire madzi m'zigawozo United Ufumu mu 2013 anadabwa osati anthu wamba komanso bulu wa dziko. Russian Navy pa gombe la Great Britain! Ngakhale udindo wa mphamvu nyanja, British si mosavuta adapezako chombo ofanana kalasi ndipo angathe kupititsa patsogolo cha cruiser Russian.

British anali ndi ulamuliro pa chilengedwe cha mitundu iwiri ya sitima kwa zaka zambiri anasintha nkhope ya nkhondo panyanja: dreadnought - amphamvu ndi kudya warship, yopambana Otsutsa ake mu see, komanso mu mphamvu ananyoza ndi ndege chonyamulira - chombo, umene uli waukulu lero Bulu kukakamiza mayiko onse akuluakulu.

pomaliza

Zomwe zasintha mu British yapamadzi kuchokera nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Aroma ndi masiku ano? Royal Navy anachoka sudenyshek osalimba Achisaxon earls kuti frigates odalirika ndi amphamvu "Manowar" nthawi ya Drake ndi Morgan. Ndi zina, kale pa pachimake pa ulamuliro wake, linali loyamba la nyanja, kuzungulira. Awiri dziko nkhondo ikanayenera ulamuliro Pax Britannika, koma iye ndi bulu wake.

Pakali pano, Tsiku la Bulu la Great Britain mu mawu a tonnage ndi pa malo 6, kumbuyo India, Japan, China, Russia ndi United States, ndi ku America "m'zilumba" wotaya pafupifupi 10 nthawi! Angamvetse izi ndani kuti mzinda wakale pambuyo angapo zaka kukhala kudzichepetsa kwa Mwachidule pa dziko zakale mayi?

Komabe, British Navy - si mfuti yokha, ndege onyamula, miyala ndi sitima zankhondo. Izi - mbiri. Mbiri ya chigonjetso ndi kupsinja kulephera, zochita zozizwitsa ndi mavuto munthu ... "Tikuoneni Britannia, mbuye wa kunyanja!"